{"id":679,"date":"2021-10-04T17:58:28","date_gmt":"2021-10-04T09:58:28","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/swordofmorning.com\/?p=679"},"modified":"2025-10-09T13:55:35","modified_gmt":"2025-10-09T05:55:35","slug":"concurrent-programming-02","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/swordofmorning.com\/index.php\/2021\/10\/04\/concurrent-programming-02\/","title":{"rendered":"\u5e76\u53d1\u7f16\u7a0b 02 \u7ba1\u7406\u7ebf\u7a0b"},"content":{"rendered":"

<\/div><\/p>\n

  \u5728\u8fd9\u4e00\u7ae0\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u5c06\u5148\u4ece\u57fa\u7840\u5f00\u59cb\u5b66\u4e60\u5982\u4f55\u542f\u52a8\u7ebf\u7a0b\u3001\u7b49\u5f85\u5b8c\u6210\uff0c\u6216\u662f\u5728\u540e\u53f0\u8fd0\u884c\u5b83\u3002\u4e4b\u540e\u6211\u4eec\u5c06\u8fdb\u4e00\u6b65\u8ba8\u8bba\u7ebf\u7a0b\u51fd\u6570\u542f\u52a8\u65f6\u60f3\u8d77\u4f20\u9012\u989d\u5916\u7684\u53c2\u6570\uff0c\u4ee5\u53ca\u5982\u4f55\u5c06\u7ebf\u7a0b\u7684\u6240\u6709\u6743\u4ece\u4e00\u4e2astd::thread\u8f6c\u79fb\u5230\u53e6\u4e00\u4e2a\u3002\u6700\u540e\u6211\u4eec\u4f1a\u770b\u4e00\u770b\u9009\u62e9\u6240\u4f7f\u7528\u7684\u7ebf\u7a0b\u6570\u91cf\uff0c\u4ee5\u53ca\u6807\u8bc6\u7279\u5b9a\u7684\u7ebf\u7a0b\u3002<\/p>\n

\u4e00\u3001\u57fa\u672c\u7ebf\u7a0b\u7ba1\u7406<\/h2>\n

  \u6bcf\u4e2aC++\u7a0b\u5e8f\u81f3\u5c11\u6709\u4e00\u4e2a\u7ebf\u7a0b\uff0c\u5b83\u662f\u7531C++\u5728\u8fd0\u884c\u65f6\u542f\u52a8\u7684\uff0c\u8be5\u7ebf\u7a0b\u8fd0\u884c\u7740main()\u51fd\u6570\u3002\u4f60\u7684\u7a0b\u5e8f\u53ef\u4ee5\u7ee7\u7eed\u542f\u52a8\u5176\u4ed6\u51fd\u6570\u4f5c\u4e3a\u7ebf\u7a0b\u5165\u53e3\u3002\u7136\u540e\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e9b\u7ebf\u7a0b\u8fde\u540c\u521d\u59cb\u7ebf\u7a0b\u4e00\u8d77\uff0c\u5e76\u53d1\u8fd0\u884c\u3002\u6b63\u5982\u7a0b\u5e8f\u4f1a\u5728main()\u8fd4\u56de\u65f6\u7ed3\u675f\u4e00\u6837\uff0c\u5f53\u6307\u5b9a\u7684\u51fd\u6570\u8fd4\u56de\u65f6\uff0c\u8be5\u7ebf\u7a0b\u5c31\u4f1a\u9000\u51fa\u3002\u4e0b\u9762\u6211\u4eec\u6765\u770b\u4e00\u4e0b\u5982\u4f55\u542f\u52a8\u4e00\u4e2a\u7ebf\u7a0b\u3002<\/p>\n

1.1 \u542f\u52a8\u7ebf\u7a0b<\/h3>\n

  \u6211\u4eec\u53ef\u4ee5\u901a\u8fc7\u4e00\u4e2a\u51fd\u6570\u6765\u6784\u9020\u4e00\u4e2astd::thread\uff1a<\/p>\n

void func();\nstd::thread th(func);<\/code><\/pre>\n
  \u4e0e\u8bb8\u591aC++\u6807\u51c6\u5e93\u76f8\u4f3c\uff0cstd::thread\u53ef\u4ee5\u4e0e\u4efb\u4f55\u53ef\u8c03\u7528\uff08Callable\uff09<\/strong>\u7c7b\u578b\u4e00\u8d77\u5de5\u4f5c\uff0c\u6240\u4ee5\u6211\u4eec\u53ef\u4ee5\u4f20\u5165\u4e00\u4e2a\u51fd\u6570\u5bf9\u8c61\u7684\u5b9e\u4f8b<\/strong>\u8fdb\u53bb\uff1a<\/p>\n
class Task\n{\npublic:\n    operator()() const\n    {\n        func_1();\n        func_2();\n    }\n};\n\nTask task;\nstd::thread(task);<\/code><\/pre>\n
  \u5728\u8fd9\u79cd\u60c5\u51b5\u4e0b\uff0c\u6240\u63d0\u4f9b\u7684\u51fd\u6570\u5bf9\u8c61\u88ab\u590d\u5236\uff08Copied\uff09<\/strong>\u5230\u65b0\u521b\u5efa\u7684\u6267\u884c\u7ebf\u7a0b\u7684\u5b58\u50a8\u5668\u4e2d\uff0c\u5e76\u5728\u54ea\u91cc\u8c03\u7528\u3002\u56e0\u6b64\u91cd\u8981\u7684\u662f\uff0c\u526f\u672c\u4e0e\u539f\u672c\u90fd\u6709\u7b49\u6548\u884c\u4e3a\u3002
\n  \u4f46\u662f\u6211\u4eec\u6709\u4e00\u4ef6\u975e\u5e38\u9700\u8981\u6ce8\u610f<\/font>\u7684\u4e8b\u60c5\u2014\u2014\u6240\u8c13\u7684\u201cC++\u7684\u6700\u68d8\u624b\u7684\u89e3\u6790\u201d\u3002\u5982\u679c\u4f60\u5c1d\u8bd5\u4f20\u9012\u4e00\u4e2a\u533f\u540d\u53d8\u91cf\uff0c\u90a3\u4e48\u5176\u8bed\u6cd5\u58f0\u660e\u53ef\u80fd\u4e0e\u51fd\u6570\u58f0\u660e\u4e00\u6837\uff0c\u7f16\u8bd1\u5668\u53ef\u80fd\u8bef\u8ba4\u4e3a\u4e00\u4e2a\u51fd\u6570\u3002\u4e0b\u9762\u6211\u4eec\u6765\u770b\u770b\u5b83\uff1a<\/p>\n
std::thread th(Task());<\/code><\/pre>\n
  \u4e0a\u8ff0\u4ee3\u7801\u58f0\u660e\u4e86\u4e00\u4e2a\u51fd\u6570th()\uff0c\u4ed6\u63a5\u53d7\u5355\u4e2a\u53c2\u6570\uff08\u53c2\u6570\u7c7b\u578b\u662f\u6307\u5411\u4e0d\u63a5\u53d7\u53c2\u6570\u3001\u540c\u65f6\u8fd4\u56deTask\u5bf9\u8c61\u7684\u51fd\u6570\u7684\u6307\u9488\uff09\uff0c\u5e76\u8fd4\u56destd::thread\u5bf9\u8c61\u3002\u5b83\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u51fd\u6570\uff0c\u800c\u4e0d\u662f\u521b\u5efa\u4e00\u4e2a\u5bf9\u8c61\u3002
\n  \u73b0\u5728\u6211\u4eec\u6709\u4e24\u79cd\u65b9\u6cd5\u6765\u907f\u514d\u8fd9\u4e2a\u95ee\u9898\u3002<\/p>\n
std::thread th( (Task()) );\n\/\/ \u589e\u52a0\u4e00\u5c42()\u5c06Task()\u62ec\u4f4f\nstd::thread th{ Task() };\n\/\/ \u4f7f\u7528\u65b0\u7684\u7edf\u4e00\u521d\u59cb\u5316\u8bed\u6cd5<\/code><\/pre>\n
  \u540c\u65f6\u6211\u4eec\u4e5f\u53ef\u4ee5\u4f7f\u7528lambda\u8868\u8fbe\u5f0f<\/strong>\u6765\u5b8c\u6210\uff08bind\u540c\u7406\uff09\uff1a<\/p>\n
std::thread th([]\n{\n    func_1();\n    func_2();\n});<\/code><\/pre>\n
  \u4e00\u65e6\u5f00\u59cb\u4e86\u7ebf\u7a0b\uff0c\u4f60\u9700\u8981\u663e\u5f0f\u5730\u51b3\u5b9a\u662f\u8981\u7b49\u5f85\u5b83\u5b8c\u6210\uff08\u901a\u8fc7\u7ed3\u5408\uff09<\/strong>\uff0c\u8fd8\u662f\u8ba9\u4ed6\u81ea\u5b66\u8fd0\u884c\uff08\u901a\u8fc7\u5206\u79bb\uff09<\/strong>\u3002\u5982\u679c\u4f60\u5728std::thread\u5bf9\u8c61\u88ab\u9500\u6bc1\u524d\u672a\u505a\u51b3\u5b9a\uff0c\u90a3\u4e48\u4f60\u7684\u7a0b\u5e8f\u4f1a\u88ab\u7ec8\u6b62\uff08std::thread\u7684\u6790\u6784\u51fd\u6570\u8c03\u7528std::terminate()\uff09\u3002\u56e0\u6b64\uff0c\u5373\u4fbf\u5728\u5f02\u5e38\u5b58\u5728\u7684\u60c5\u51b5\u4e0b\uff0c\u4fdd\u8bc1\u7ebf\u7a0b\u6b63\u786e\u5730\u7ed3\u5408\u6216\u5206\u79bb\u90fd\u662f\u6211\u4eec\u7684\u5f53\u52a1\u4e4b\u6025\u3002
\n  \u5982\u679c\u6211\u4eec\u4e0d\u7b49\u5f85\u7ebf\u7a0b\u5b8c\u6210\uff0c\u90a3\u4e48\u5219\u9700\u8981\u4fdd\u8bc1\u8be5\u7ebf\u7a0b\u8bbf\u95ee\u7684\u6570\u636e\u662f\u6709\u6548\u7684\uff0c\u76f4\u5230\u8be5\u7ebf\u7a0b\u5b8c\u6210\u3002
\n  \u8003\u8651\u4e0b\u9762\u4e00\u79cd\u60c5\u51b5\uff1a\u5f53\u7ebf\u7a0b\u51fd\u6570\u6301\u6709\u5c40\u90e8\u53d8\u91cf\u7684\u6307\u9488<\/strong>\u6216\u8005\u5f15\u7528<\/strong>\uff0c\u4e14\u5f53\u51fd\u6570\u9000\u51fa\u7684\u65f6\u5019\u7ebf\u7a0b\u672a\u5b8c\u6210\u3002<\/p>\n
struct Func\n{\n    int& i;\n    Func(int& p_i) : i(p_i) {}\n    operator()()\n    {\n        for (int j = 0; j < 10e3; ++j)\n        {\n            \/\/ do sth\n        }\n    }\n};\n\nvoid oops()\n{\n    int local_state = 0;\n    Func func(local_state);\n    std::thread th(func);\n    th.detach();\n    \/\/ \u4e0d\u7b49\u5f85\u7ebf\u7a0b\u5b8c\u6210\u800c\u76f4\u63a5\u9000\u51fa\u7a0b\u5e8f\n}<\/code><\/pre>\n
  \u5728\u4e0a\u8ff0\u60c5\u51b5\u4e0b\uff0c\u5982\u679c\u6211\u4eec\u4e0d\u7b49\u5f85\u7ebf\u7a0bth\u5b8c\u6210\u64cd\u4f5c\uff0c\u5728\u9000\u51faoops()\u4e4b\u540e\uff0cfunc\u6240\u8bbf\u95ee\u7684\u5f15\u7528\u5219\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u88ab\u9500\u6bc1\u7684\u53d8\u91cf\u3002\u5bf9\u4e8e\u6307\u9488\u3001\u5f15\u7528\u7684\u95ee\u9898\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u53ef\u4ee5\u4f7f\u7528\u4e24\u79cd\u65b9\u6cd5\u89e3\u51b3\uff1a\u4e00\u662f\u4f7f\u7528copy\u7684\u65b9\u5f0f\u4f20\u5165\u53d8\u91cf\uff1b\u4e8c\u662f\u7b49\u5f85\u7ebf\u7a0b\u5b8c\u6210\uff08\u7ed3\u5408\u7ebf\u7a0b\uff0c\u85c9\u7531th.join()\u5b9e\u73b0\uff09\u3002\u5bf9\u4e8e\u7b2c\u4e00\u79cd\u65b9\u6cd5\uff0c\u5728\u6211\u4eec\u63a8\u51faoops()\u51fd\u6570\u65f6\uff0c\u7ebf\u7a0bth\u4e2d\u7684\u53d8\u91cf\u5c06\u88ab\u9500\u6bc1\u3002\u7279\u522b\u5730<\/font>\uff0c\u5728\u4e00\u4e2a\u8bbf\u95ee\u5c40\u90e8\u53d8\u91cf\u7684\u51fd\u6570\u4e2d\u521b\u5efa\u7ebf\u7a0b\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u7cdf\u7cd5\u7684\u4e3b\u610f\uff0c\u9664\u975e\u5728\u9000\u51fa\u51fd\u6570\u524d\u7b49\u5f85\u7ebf\u7a0b\u5b8c\u6210\u3002<\/p>\n
1.2 \u7b49\u5f85\u7ebf\u7a0b\u5b8c\u6210<\/h3>\n
  \u6211\u4eec\u53ef\u4ee5\u4f7f\u7528thread.join()\u6765\u7b49\u5f85\u7ebf\u7a0b\u5b8c\u6210\u3002\u4f46\u662f\u5728\u8fd9\u79cd\u60c5\u51b5\u4e0b\uff0c\u5728\u72ec\u7acb\u7684\u7ebf\u7a0b\u4e0a\u8fd0\u884c\u51fd\u6570\u662f\u6ca1\u6709\u4ec0\u4e48\u610f\u4e49\u7684\uff0c\u56e0\u4e3a\u7b2c\u4e00\u4e2a\u7ebf\u7a0b\u5728\u6b64\u671f\u95f4\uff08\u7b49\u5f85\u53e6\u4e00\u4e2a\u7ebf\u7a0b\u5b8c\u6210\uff09\u505a\u4e0d\u4e86\u4efb\u4f55\u6709\u7528\u7684\u4e8b\u60c5\u3002\u5728\u5b9e\u9645\u4ee3\u7801\u4e2d\uff0c\u521d\u59cb\u7ebf\u7a0b\u8981\u4e48\u6709\u81ea\u5df1\u7684\u5de5\u4f5c\u8981\u53bb\u505a\uff0c\u8981\u4e48\u662f\u5728\u7b49\u5f85\u6240\u6709\u7ebf\u7a0b\u5b8c\u6210\u4e4b\u524d\u5c31\u8981\u542f\u52a8\u591a\u4e2a\u7ebf\u7a0b\u3002
\n  join()\u5f88\u7b80\u5355\u2014\u2014\u8981\u4e48\u7b49\u5f85\u4e00\u4e2a\u7ebf\u7a0b\u5b8c\u6210\u3001\u8981\u4e48\u4e0d\u7b49\u3002\u5982\u679c\u9700\u8981\u5bf9\u7ebf\u7a0b\u5c31\u884c\u66f4\u7ec6\u7c92\u5ea6\u7684\u63a7\u5236\uff0c\u6bd4\u5982\u7ebf\u7a0b\u68c0\u67e5\u662f\u5426\u5b8c\u6210\uff0c\u6216\u53ea\u662f\u5728\u4e00\u6bb5\u7279\u5b9a\u7684\u65f6\u95f4\u5185\u8fdb\u884c\u7b49\u5f85\uff0c\u90a3\u4e48\u5c31\u5fc5\u987b\u4f7f\u7528\u7279\u5b9a\u673a\u5236\u4ee3\u66ff\uff0c\u6bd4\u5982\u6761\u4ef6\u53d8\u91cf\u548cfuture\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u5c06\u5728\u7b2c4\u7ae0\u63d0\u5230\u3002\u8c03\u7528join()\u7684\u884c\u4e3a\u4e5f\u4f1a\u6e05\u7406\u6240\u6709\u4e0e\u8be5\u7ebf\u7a0b\u6709\u5173\u7684\u5b58\u50a8\u5668\uff0c\u8fd9\u6837std::thread\u5bf9\u8c61\u5c31\u4e0d\u5728\u4e0e\u5df2\u5b8c\u6210\u7684\u7ebf\u7a0b\u76f8\u5173\u8054\uff0c\u4ed6\u4e5f\u4e0d\u4e0e\u4efb\u4f55\u7ebf\u7a0b\u76f8\u5173\u8054\u3002\u8fd9\u5c31\u610f\u5473\u7740\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u53ea\u80fd\u5bf9\u4e00\u4e2a\u7ebf\u7a0b\u8c03\u7528\u4e00\u6b21join()\uff0c\u4e00\u65e6\u8c03\u7528\u4e86join()\uff0c\u8be5\u7ebf\u7a0b\u5c31\u4e0d\u662f\u53ef\u8fde\u63a5\u7684\uff0c\u5e76\u4e14joinable()\u653e\u56defalse\u3002<\/p>\n
1.3 \u5728\u5f02\u5e38\u73af\u5883\u4e0b\u7b49\u5f85<\/h3>\n
  \u5982\u4e0a\u6240\u8ff0\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u9700\u8981\u786e\u4fdd\u5728std::thread\u5bf9\u8c61\u88ab\u9500\u6bc1\u524d\u5df2\u8c03\u7528join()\u6216\u8005detach()\u51fd\u6570\u3002\u5982\u679c\u8981\u5206\u79bb\u7ebf\u7a0b\uff0c\u5728\u7ebf\u7a0b\u542f\u52a8\u540e\u5c31\u53ef\u4ee5\u7acb\u5373\u8c03\u7528detach()\uff0c\u6240\u4ee5\u8fd9\u4e0d\u662f\u91cd\u70b9\u3002\u95ee\u9898\u5728\u4e8e\uff0c\u5982\u679c\u6211\u4eec\u9700\u8981\u7b49\u5f85\u7ebf\u7a0b\uff0c\u5c31\u9700\u8981\u4ed4\u7ec6\u9009\u62e9\u5728\u54ea\u4e2a\u5730\u65b9\u8c03\u7528join()\u3002\u8fd9\u610f\u5473\u7740\uff0c\u5982\u679c\u5728\u7ebf\u7a0b\u542f\u52a8\u540e\u3001join()\u8c03\u7528\u524d\u53d1\u751f\u4e86\u5f02\u5e38\uff0c\u90a3\u4e48\u5bf9join()\u7684\u8c03\u7528\u5f88\u5bb9\u6613\u88ab\u8df3\u8fc7\u3002
\n  \u4e3a\u4e86\u907f\u514d\u8fd9\u79cd\u60c5\u51b5\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u53ef\u4ee5\u4f7f\u7528\u5f02\u5e38\u6355\u83b7\uff08try\/catch\uff09\uff0c\u4e0b\u9762\u6f14\u793a\u4f7f\u7528\u6807\u51c6\u7684\u8d44\u6e90\u83b7\u53d6\u5373\u521d\u59cb\u5316\uff08RAII\uff09<\/strong>\u7ba1\u7528\u8bed\u6cd5\uff0c\u5e76\u63d0\u4f9b\u4e00\u4e2a\u7c7b\uff0c\u5728\u5b83\u7684\u6790\u6784\u51fd\u6570\u4e2d\u8fdb\u884cjoin\u3002\u5982\u4e0b\u6240\u793a\uff1a<\/p>\n
#include <iostream>\n#include <thread>\n\n\/\/ \u65b0\u7ebf\u7a0b\u9700\u8981\u5b8c\u6210\u7684\u64cd\u4f5c\nvoid ThreadPrint()\n{\n    std::cout << "A New Thread!" << std::endl;\n}\n\n\/\/ \u5f02\u5e38\u5904\u7406\nclass Thread_Guard\n{\nprivate:\n    std::thread& m_thread;\npublic:\n    \/\/ \u663e\u5f0f\u6784\u9020\u3001\u4f20\u5165\u5f15\u7528\n    explicit Thread_Guard(std::thread& p_thread):\n        m_thread(p_thread) \n    {}\n\n    \/\/ \u6790\u6784\u3001\u540c\u6b65\n    ~Thread_Guard()\n    {\n        if (m_thread.joinable())    m_thread.join();\n    }\n\n    \/\/ \u7981\u6b62\u62f7\u8d1d\u4e0e\u8d4b\u503c\n    Thread_Guard(Thread_Guard const&) = delete;\n    Thread_Guard& operator=(Thread_Guard const&) = delete;\n};\n\n\/\/ main()\u4e2d\u8c03\u7528client()\nvoid client()\n{\n    \/\/ \u65b0\u7ebf\u7a0b\n    std::thread th(ThreadPrint);\n    Thread_Guard thG(th);\n\n    std::cout << "Client" << std::endl;\n}\n\nint main()\n{\n    client();\n    return 0;\n}<\/code><\/pre>\n
  \u5728\u5f53\u524d\u7ebf\u7a0b(main()\u6240\u5728\u7684\u521d\u59cb\u7ebf\u7a0b)\u8fd0\u884c\u5230\u51fd\u6570client()\u672b\u5c3e\u65f6\uff0c\u5c40\u90e8\u5bf9\u8c61thG\u4f1a\u6309\u7167\u6784\u9020\u51fd\u6570\u7684\u9006\u5e8f\u88ab\u6790\u6784\uff0c\u56e0\u6b64Thread_Guard\u5bf9\u8c61thG\u9996\u5148\u88ab\u9500\u6bc1\uff0c\u5e76\u4e14\u6790\u6784\u51fd\u6570\u4e2d\u7684\u7ebf\u7a0b\u88ab\u7ed3\u5408\u3002
\n  \u5982\u679c\u65e0\u9700\u7b49\u5f85\u7ebf\u7a0b\u5b8c\u6210\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u901a\u8fc7\u5206\u79bb\uff08Detaching\uff09<\/strong>\u6765\u907f\u514d\u8fd9\u79cd\u5f02\u5e38\u5f15\u8d77\u7684\u5b89\u5168\u95ee\u9898\u3002\u8fd9\u6253\u7834\u4e86\u7ebf\u7a0b\u4e0estd::thread\u5bf9\u8c61\u7684\u8054\u7cfb\uff0c\u5e76\u786e\u4fdd\u515astd::thread\u5bf9\u8c61\u88ab\u9500\u6bc1\u65f6\uff0cstd::terminate()\u4e0d\u4f1a\u88ab\u8c03\u7528\uff0c\u5373\u7ebf\u7a0b\u4ecd\u7136\u5728\u540e\u53f0\u8fd0\u884c\u3002<\/p>\n
1.4 \u5728\u540e\u53f0\u8fd0\u884c\u7ebf\u7a0b<\/h3>\n
  \u5728std::thread\u5bf9\u8c61\u4e0a\u5bf9\u7528detach()\u4f1a\u628a\u7ebf\u7a0b\u4e22\u5728\u540e\u53f0\u8fd0\u884c\uff0c\u4e5f\u6ca1\u6709\u76f4\u63a5\u7684\u65b9\u6cd5\u4e0e\u4e4b\u901a\u4fe1\u3002\u4e5f\u4e0d\u53ef\u80fd\u7b49\u5f85\u8be5\u7ebf\u7a0b\u5b8c\u6210\uff1b\u5982\u679c\u4e00\u4e2a\u7ebf\u7a0b\u6210\u4e3a\u5206\u79bb\u7684\uff0c\u83b7\u53d6\u4e00\u4e2a\u5f15\u7528\u5b83\u7684std::thread\u5bf9\u8c61\u4e5f\u662f\u4e0d\u53ef\u80fd\u7684\uff0c\u6240\u4ee5\u5b83\u4e5f\u4e0d\u53ef\u80fd\u518d\u88ab\u7ed3\u5408\u3002\u5206\u79bb\u7684\u7ebf\u7a0b\u5728\u540e\u53f0\u8fd0\u884c\uff0c\u5176\u6240\u6709\u6743\u548c\u63a7\u5236\u5668\u4ea4\u7531C++\u7684\u8fd0\u884c\u65f6\u5e93\uff0c\u4ee5\u786e\u4fdd\u4e0e\u7ebf\u7a0b\u76f8\u5173\u7684\u8d44\u6e90\u5728\u7ebf\u7a0b\u9000\u51fa\u540e\u80fd\u88ab\u6b63\u786e\u56de\u6536\u3002<\/p>\n
\u4e8c\u3001\u4f20\u9012\u53c2\u6570\u7ed9\u7ebf\u7a0b\u51fd\u6570<\/h2>\n
void func(int param);\nstd::thread th(func, 5);<\/code><\/pre>\n
  \u5982\u4e0a\u6240\u793a\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u53ef\u4ee5\u901a\u8fc7\u4ee5\u989d\u5916\u53c2\u6570\u7684\u65b9\u5f0f\u5c06\u51fd\u6570\u53c2\u6570\u4f20\u7ed9std::thread\u5bf9\u8c61\u3002\u503c\u5f97\u6ce8\u610f\u7684\u662f\uff0c\u5b83\u9ed8\u8ba4\u4ee5\u62f7\u8d1d\uff08Copied\uff09<\/strong>\u65b9\u5f0f\u4f20\u5165\u3002\u8fd9\u610f\u5473\u7740\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u5728\u4f20\u5165\u6307\u9488\u65f6\u9700\u8981\u6ce8\u610f\u7c7b\u578b\u8f6c\u6362\uff1b\u4f20\u5165\u5f15\u7528\u65f6\u9700\u8981\u4f7f\u7528std::ref\u3002<\/p>\n
2.1 \u907f\u514d\u9690\u5f0f\u7c7b\u578b\u8f6c\u6362<\/h3>\n
  \u73b0\u5728\u6211\u4eec\u6709\u4e00\u4e2aC-style\u7684string\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u671f\u671b\u8c03\u7528\u5b83\uff0c\u4f46\u662f\u6211\u4eec\u4e0d\u5e94\u8be5\u76f4\u63a5\u4f20\u5165\u5b83\u7684\u6307\u9488\uff0c\u800c\u5e94\u8be5\u4f20\u5165\u4e00\u4e2astd::string\u5bf9\u8c61\uff1a<\/p>\n
char buffer[1024];\n\/\/ do sth\nstd::thread th(func, std::string(buffer));\n\/\/ instead of th(func, buffer);<\/code><\/pre>\n
2.2 \u4f20\u5165\u5f15\u7528\u65f6\u4f7f\u7528std::ref<\/h3>\n
  \u5982\u679c\u6211\u4eec\u7684\u51fd\u6570\u660e\u786e\u63a5\u53d7\u4e00\u4e2a\u5f15\u7528\u53c2\u6570\uff0c\u90a3\u6211\u4eec\u5728\u4f20\u5165\u7684\u65f6\u5019\u6700\u597d\u4f7f\u7528std::ref\u3002<\/p>\n
2.2 thread\u7684\u6784\u9020\u65b9\u5f0f<\/h3>\n
  std::thread\u7684\u6784\u9020\u65b9\u5f0f\u548cstd::bind\u7c7b\u4f3c\uff0c\u5177\u4f53\u53ef\u4ee5\u53c2\u8003\u8fd9\u7bc7\u6587\u7ae0<\/a>\u3002<\/p>\n
\u4e09\u3001\u8f6c\u79fb\u7ebf\u7a0b\u6240\u6709\u6743<\/h2>\n
  \u8003\u8651\u4e0b\u9762\u4e24\u79cd\u60c5\u51b5\uff1a<\/p>\n
    \n
  1. \u7f16\u5199\u4e00\u4e2a\u51fd\u6570\uff0c\u5b83\u521b\u5efa\u4e00\u4e2a\u5728\u540e\u53f0\u8fd0\u884c\u7684\u7ebf\u7a0b\uff0c\u4f46\u662f\u5411\u8c03\u7528\u51fd\u6570\u4f20\u56de\u65b0\u7ebf\u7a0b\u7684\u6240\u6709\u6743\uff0c\u800c\u975e\u7b49\u5f85\u5176\u5b8c\u6210\u3002<\/li>\n
  2. \u521b\u5efa\u4e00\u4e2a\u7ebf\u7a0b\uff0c\u5e76\u5c06\u6240\u6709\u6743\u4ea4\u7ed9\u7b49\u5f85\u5b83\u5b8c\u6210\u7684\u51fd\u6570\u3002<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n
    3.1 \u5728thread\u5bf9\u8c61\u4e4b\u95f4\u8f6c\u79fb<\/h3>\n
      \u4e0ec++\u4e2d\u7684\u5176\u4ed6movable\u7c7b\u578b\uff08\u5982\uff0cstd::ifstream, std::unique_ptr\uff09\u4e00\u6837\uff0c\u4e00\u4e2a\u7279\u5b9a\u6267\u884c\u7ebf\u7a0b\u7684\u6743\u9650\u53ef\u4ee5\u5728std::thread\u5b9e\u4f8b\u4e4b\u95f4\u79fb\u52a8\u3002\u4e0b\u9762\u4e00\u4e2a\u4f8b\u5b50\u5c55\u793a\u4e86\u521b\u5efa\u4e24\u4e2a\u7ebf\u7a0b\uff0c\u4ee5\u53ca\u5728\u4e09\u4e2astd::thread\u5bf9\u8c61\u4e4b\u95f4\u8f6c\u79fb\u6240\u6709\u6743\uff1a<\/p>\n
    void func_1();\nvoid func_2();\n\nstd::thread th1(&func_1);\n\/\/ \u521b\u5efa\u4e00\u4e2a\u65b0\u7ebf\u7a0b\uff0c\u8be5\u7ebf\u7a0b\u62e5\u6709\u6267\u884cfunc_1\u7684\u6743\u9650\uff0c\u540c\u65f6\u8be5\u7ebf\u7a0b\u88abth1\u6301\u6709\u3002\nstd::thread th2 = std::move(th1);\n\/\/ \u79fb\u4ea4th1\u6301\u6709\u7ebf\u7a0b\u7684\u6743\u9650\u7ed9th2\uff0c\u73b0\u5728th2\u5bf9\u8c61\u6301\u6709\u7684\u7ebf\u7a0b\u8d1f\u8d23\u6267\u884cfunc_1\uff0cth1\u5931\u53bb\u539f\u6709\u7ebf\u7a0b\u7684\u6240\u6709\u6743\u3002\n\n\/*\n    th1: nullptr\n    th2: &func_1\n*\/\n\nth1 = std::thread(&func_2);\n\/\/ \u542f\u52a8\u4e00\u4e2a\u65b0\u7684\u7ebf\u7a0b\uff0c\u5e76\u5c06\u5b83\u4ea4\u7ed9\u4e00\u4e2a\u533f\u540dthread\u5bf9\u8c61\uff0c\u518d\u5c06\u5b83\u4ea4\u7ed9th1\uff0c\n\/\/ \u8fd9\u91cc\u4e0d\u9700\u8981\u4f7f\u7528move\u8bed\u4e49\uff0c\u56e0\u4e3a\u4ece\u4e34\u65f6\u5bf9\u8c61\u4e2d\u7684move\u662f\u81ea\u52a8\u4e14\u9690\u5f0f\u7684\u3002\nstd::thread th3;\n\/\/ \u9ed8\u8ba4\u6784\u9020th3\uff0c\u5b83\u4e0d\u4e88\u4efb\u4f55\u7ebf\u7a0b\u5173\u8054\u3002\nth3 = std::move(th2);\n\/\/ \u73b0\u5728\u5c06th2\u7684\u7ebf\u7a0b\u79fb\u4ea4\u7ed9th3\uff0cth3\u6301\u6709\u4e0efunc_1\u76f8\u5173\u7684\u7ebf\u7a0b\uff0cth2\u4e0d\u4e0e\u4efb\u4f55\u7ebf\u7a0b\u76f8\u5173\u3002\n\n\/*\n    th1: &func_2\n    th2: nullptr\n    th3: &func_1\n*\/\n\nth1 = std::move(th3);\n\/\/ \u5c06th3\u6301\u6709\u7684\u7ebf\u7a0b\u4ea4\u7ed9th1\uff0c\u4f46\u662f\u6ce8\u610f\uff0c\u8fd9\u91ccth1\u5df2\u7ecf\u6301\u6709\u4e86\u4e00\u4e2a\u7ebf\u7a0b\uff0c\n\/\/ \u8fd9\u5c06\u5bfc\u81f4th1\u8c03\u7528std::terminate()\u6765\u7ec8\u6b62\u7a0b\u5e8f\uff0c\u8fd9\u6837\u505a\u662f\u4e3a\u4e86\u4e0estd::thread\u7684\u6790\u6784\u51fd\u6570\u4fdd\u6301\u4e00\u81f4\uff0c\n\/\/ \u4f60\u5fc5\u987b\u5728\u6790\u6784\u524d\u7b49\u5f85\u7ebf\u7a0b\u5b8c\u6210\u6216\u5206\u79bb\uff0c\u540c\u6837\uff1a\n\/\/ \u5728\u8d4b\u503c\u65f6\uff0c\u4e0d\u80fd\u901a\u8fc7\u5411\u4e00\u4e2a\u7ba1\u7406\u7ebf\u7a0b\u7684thread\u5bf9\u8c61\u8d4b\u4e00\u4e2a\u65b0\u503c\u6765\u201c\u820d\u5f03\u201d\u4e00\u4e2a\u7ebf\u7a0b\u3002<\/code><\/pre>\n
      \u4e0b\u9762\u6765\u770b\u4e0a\u9762\u4f8b\u5b50\u7684\u5b8c\u6574\u7248\uff1a<\/p>\n
    #include <iostream>\n#include <thread>\n\nvoid func_1()\n{\n    std::cout << "1" << std::endl;\n}\n\nvoid func_2()\n{\n    std::cout << "2" << std::endl;\n}\n\nint main()\n{\n    std::cout << "begin" << std::endl;\n\n    std::thread th1(&func_1);\n    std::thread th2 = std::move(th1);\n\n    th1 = std::thread(&func_2);\n    std::thread th3;\n    th3 = std::move(th2);\n\n    th1 = std::move(th3);\n\n    std::cout << "end" << std::endl;\n\n    return 0;\n}<\/code><\/pre>\n
      \u4ee5\u4e0b\u662f\u8f93\u51fa\u7ed3\u679c\uff1a<\/p>\n
    begin\n1\n2\nterminate called without an active exception<\/code><\/pre>\n
    3.2 \u5728\u51fd\u6570\u4e4b\u95f4\u8f6c\u79fb<\/h3>\n
      \u51fd\u6570\u95f4\u7684\u7ebf\u7a0b\u8f6c\u79fb\u4e0estd::bind\u76f8\u540c\uff0c\u8fd9\u91cc\u4e0d\u518d\u8d58\u8ff0\u3002\u4f46\u662f\u6211\u4eec\u53ef\u4ee5\u901a\u8fc7\u8fd9\u4e00\u70b9\u6784\u9020\u4e00\u4e2a\u7c7b\u4f3c\u4e8ethread_guard\u7c7b\uff0c\u8be5\u7c7b\u5b9e\u9645\u6d3b\u5f97\u7ebf\u7a0b\u7684\u6240\u6709\u6743\u3002<\/p>\n
    #include <iostream>\n#include <thread>\n\nclass scoped_thread\n{\nprivate:\n    std::thread m_th;\n\npublic:\n    \/\/ \u4f7f\u7528Move\u8bed\u4e49\u7684\u663e\u5f0f\u6784\u9020\n    explicit scoped_thread(std::thread p_th):\n        m_th(std::move(p_th))\n    {\n        if (!m_th.joinable())   throw std::logic_error("No thread");\n    }\n\n    \/\/ \u6790\u6784\u65f6join\n    ~scoped_thread()\n    {\n        m_th.join();\n    }\n\n    \/\/ \u7981\u6b62\u62f7\u8d1d\u4e0e\u8d4b\u503c\u6784\u9020\n    scoped_thread(scoped_thread const&) = delete;\n    scoped_thread& operator=(scoped_thread const&) = delete;\n};\n\nvoid func(int num)\n{\n    std:: cout << num << std::endl;\n}\n\nint main()\n{\n    scoped_thread th(std::thread(&func, 5));\n\n    return 0;\n}<\/code><\/pre>\n
    3.3 \u751f\u6210\u4e00\u6279\u7ebf\u7a0b\u5e76\u7b49\u5f85\u5b8c\u6210<\/h3>\n
      \u8003\u8651\u8fd9\u6837\u4e00\u4e2a\u4f8b\u5b50\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u7ed9\u51fa10\u4e2a\u7ebf\u7a0b\uff0c\u5e76\u6253\u5370\u4e00\u7ec4\u6570\u636e\uff1a<\/p>\n
    #include <iostream>\n#include <thread>\n#include <cmath>\n#include <vector>\n\n\/* ===== \u79ef\u5206\u8ba1\u7b97\u51fd\u6570 ===== *\/\nvoid func(int id)\n{\n    std::cout << id << std::endl;\n}\n\n\/* ===== main ===== *\/\nint main()\n{\n    std::vector<std::thread> threads;\n    const int threads_num = 10;\n\n    \/\/ \u521b\u5efa\u7ebf\u7a0b\n    for (int i = 0; i < threads_num; ++i)\n    {\n        threads.push_back(std::thread(&func, i));\n    }\n\n    double ans{ 0 };\n\n    for (auto i = threads.begin(); i != threads.end(); ++i)\n    {\n        (*i).join();\n    }   \n\n    return 0;\n}<\/code><\/pre>\n
      \u4f46\u662f\u503c\u5f97\u6ce8\u610f\u7684\u662f\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e0d\u662f\u5e76\u884c\u7684\u4efb\u52a1\uff0c\u800c\u662f\u9700\u8981\u7b49\u5f85\u524d\u4e00\u4e2a\u7ebf\u7a0b\u5b8c\u6210\u7684\u591a\u7ebf\u7a0b\u987a\u5e8f\u4efb\u52a1\u3002<\/p>\n
    \u56db\u3001\u9009\u62e9\u7ebf\u7a0b\u6570\u91cf<\/h2>\n
      \u4f7f\u7528std::thread::hardware_concurrency()\u53ef\u4ee5\u8fd4\u56de\u8ba1\u7b97\u673a\u7684\u7269\u7406\u7ebf\u7a0b\u6570\u91cf\u3002<\/p>\n
    \u4e94\u3001\u83b7\u53d6\u7ebf\u7a0bID<\/h2>\n
      \u4f7f\u7528std::thread::id\u5b8c\u6210\uff0c\u5bf9\u4e8estd::thread\u5bf9\u8c61\u53ef\u4ee5\u8c03\u7528\u6210\u5458\u51fd\u6570get_id()\u5b9e\u73b0\u3002<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"
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