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\u300aBeing and Time\u300b page 48 \/ pdf 34 A Preliminary Sketch of Being-i 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\n \u201c\u5728\u4e16\u754c\u4e4b\u4e2d\u5b58\u5728\uff08Being-in-the-world\uff09\u201d\u8fd9\u4e2a\u590d\u5408\u540d\u8bcd\u6784\u8bcd\u7684\u6784\u8bcd\u6cd5\u5c31\u8868\u793a\u5b83\u610f\u6307\u4e00\u4e2a\u7edf\u4e00<\/strong>\u7684\u73b0\u8c61\u3002\u8fd9\u4e00\u624b\u6447\u7684\u5b58\u5728\u5b9e\u60c5\u5fc5\u987b\u4f5c\u4e3a\u6574\u4f53\u6765\u770b\u3002\u6211\u4eec\u4e0d\u53ef\u628a\u201c\u5728\u4e16\u754c\u4e4b\u4e2d\u5b58\u5728\u201d\u5206\u89e3\u4e3a\u4e00\u4e9b\u590d\u53ef\u52a0\u4ee5\u62fc\u51d1\u7684\u5185\u5bb9\uff0c\u4f46\u8fd9\u5e76\u4e0d\u6392\u9664\u8fd9\u4e00\u5efa\u6784\u7684\u6784\u6210\u73af\u8282\u5177\u6709\u591a\u91cd\u6027\u3002\u4e8b\u5b9e\u4e0a\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u4ece\u4e09\u79cd\u7740\u773c\u5904\u6765\u770b\u5f85\u8fd9\u4e00\u672f\u8bed\u6240\u63d0\u793a\u7684\u73b0\u8c61\u3002\u5982\u679c\u6211\u4eec\u5728\u5148\u884c\u628a\u5b9a\u4e86\u73b0\u8c61\u6574\u4f53\u7684\u524d\u63d0\u4e0b\u6765\u7814\u7a76\u5b83\uff0c\u90a3\u6211\u4eec\u5c31\u53ef\u4ee5\u6446\u51fa\uff1a<\/p>\n\n
\n \u6d77\u5fb7\u683c\u5c14\u6e05\u695a\u5730\u770b\u5230\uff0c\u4e00\u63d0\u201c\u5728\u4e4b\u4e2d\u201d\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u603b\u662f\u4f1a\u60f3\u5230\u201c\u5728\u4e16\u754c\u4e2d\u201d\uff0c\u628a\u201c\u5728\u4e4b\u4e2d\u201d\u7406\u89e3\u4e3a\u201c\u5728\u2026\u2026\u4e4b\u4e2d\u201d\uff0c\u5373\u4eba\u4eec\u4e00\u822c\u603b\u662f\u5c06\u201c\u5728\u4e4b\u4e2d\u201d\u7406\u89e3\u4e3a\u4e00\u4e2a\u5b58\u5728\u8005\u5728\u53e6\u4e00\u4e2a\u5b58\u5728\u8005\u4e4b\u4e2d\uff0c\u7406\u89e3\u4e3a\u7269\u7406\u7a7a\u95f4\u4e2d\u5e7f\u5ef6\u7684\u5b58\u5728\u8005\u5b58\u5728\u4e8e\u8fd9\u4e2a\u7a7a\u95f4\u4e2d\u3002\u5982\u4ed6\u6240\u4e3e\u7684\u4f8b\u5b50\uff1a\u6c34\u5728\u676f\u5b50\u4e2d\uff0c\u8863\u670d\u5728\u67dc\u5b50\u4e2d\uff0c\u957f\u51f3\u5728\u6559\u5ba4\u4e2d\uff0c\u6559\u5ba4\u5728\u5927\u5b66\u4e2d\u7b49\u7b49\u3002\u8fd9\u4e9b\u5b58\u5728\u8005\u6709\u4e00\u4e2a\u5171\u540c\u7684\u7279\u70b9\uff0c\u5c31\u662f\u4f5c\u4e3a\u5728\u4e16\u754c\u4e4b\u5185\u7684\u4e8b\u7269\uff0c\u5b83\u4eec\u90fd\u6709\u73b0\u6210\u5b58\u5728\u7684\u5b58\u5728\u65b9\u5f0f\u3002
\n \u201c\u73b0\u6210\u5b58\u5728\u201d\uff08Vorhandensein\u6216Vorhandenheit\uff09\u662f\u6d77\u5fb7\u683c\u5c14\u7684\u54f2\u5b66\u7684\u4e00\u4e2a\u4e13\u95e8\u672f\u8bed\uff0c\u5b83\u6765\u81ea\u5fb7\u6587\u8bcdvorhanden\uff0cvorhanden\u662f\u201c\u5728\u624b\u5934\u201d\u7684\u610f\u601d\uff0c\u53ea\u80fd\u7528\u4e8e\u7269\uff0c\u4e0d\u80fd\u7528\u4e8e\u4eba\u3002\u6d77\u5fb7\u683c\u5c14\u7528\u201c\u73b0\u6210\u5b58\u5728\u201d\u4e13\u6307\u975e\u4eba\u4e3a\u7684\u4e8b\u7269\u7684\u5b58\u5728\u65b9\u5f0f\uff0c\u5177\u4f53\u800c\u8a00\uff0c\u6307\u4e8b\u7269\u4f5c\u4e3a\u7eaf\u7cb9\u89c2\u5bdf\u5bf9\u8c61\u6240\u5448\u73b0\u51fa\u6765\u7684\u6837\u5b50\u3002\u4eba\u8fd9\u6837\u770b\u4e8b\u7269\u5176\u5b9e\u542b\u6709\u4e00\u79cd\u7406\u8bba\u6001\u5ea6\uff0c\u5c31\u662f\u53ea\u76ef\u7740\u8fd9\u4e2a\u4e8b\u7269\u800c\u4e0d\u7ba1\u6784\u6210\u65e5\u5e38\u4e16\u754c\u7684\u5b9e\u8df5\u548c\u4e2a\u4eba\u5173\u5fc3\u7684\u76f8\u5173\u6574\u4f53\u3002\u6b63\u662f\u8fd9\u79cd\u5c06\u4e8b\u7269\u5b64\u7acb\u8d77\u6765\u52a0\u4ee5\u89c2\u5bdf\u7684\u505a\u6cd5\u5bfc\u81f4\u4e8b\u7269\u5bf9\u8c61\u5316\u4e3a\u4e0e\u4e3b\u4f53\u76f8\u5bf9\u5f85\u7684\u5ba2\u4f53\u3002\u5f53\u4e8b\u7269\u73b0\u6210\u5b58\u5728\u65f6\uff0c\u5b83\u4eec\u5c31\u8868\u73b0\u4e3a\u8ba4\u77e5\u4e3b\u4f53\u7684\u5ba2\u4f53\u3002\u73b0\u6210\u5b58\u5728\u4e5f\u53ef\u4ee5\u7528\u4e8e\u4eba\u5de5\u5236\u54c1\uff0c\u4f46\u53ea\u662f\u5728\u4e0d\u8003\u8651\u5b83\u4eec\u7684\u5b9e\u8df5\u529f\u80fd\u6216\u5b83\u4eec\u56e0\u53d7\u635f\u800c\u5931\u53bb\u5b9e\u8df5\u529f\u80fd\u65f6\u3002\u4f8b\u5982\uff0c\u5f53\u6211\u4eec\u4e0d\u4f7f\u7528\u4e00\u628a\u65a7\u5b50\uff0c\u800c\u53ea\u662f\u9759\u89c2\u5b83\u65f6\uff0c\u65a7\u5b50\u5c31\u662f\u73b0\u6210\u5b58\u5728\u7740\u3002
\n \u201c\u5728\u2026\u2026\u5185\u201d\uff08innerhalb\uff09\u662f\u4e0ein\u76f8\u5bf9\u7684\u8bcd\uff0c\u4e13\u6307\u5b58\u5728\u8005\u72b6\u6001\u610f\u4e49\u4e0a\u201c\u5728\u4e16\u754c\u7a7a\u95f4\u4e4b\u5185\u201d\u3002\u4f46\u662f\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e9b\u73b0\u6210\u5b58\u5728\u7684\u4e1c\u897f\u7684\u73b0\u6210\u5b58\u5728\uff0c\u4ee5\u53ca\u5728\u67d0\u79cd\u5730\u70b9\u5173\u7cfb\u610f\u4e49\u4e0a\u4e0e\u5177\u6709\u540c\u6837\u5b58\u5728\u65b9\u5f0f\u7684\u5b58\u5728\u8005\u4e00\u8d77\u73b0\u6210\u5b58\u5728\u90fd\u662f\u5b58\u5728\u8bba\u7279\u6027\u3002\u6d77\u5fb7\u683c\u5c14\u628a\u8fd9\u4e9b\u5b58\u5728\u8bba\u7279\u6027\u79f0\u4e3a\u8303\u7574\u3002\u524d\u9762\uff08\u7b2c\u4e5d\u8282\uff09\u6d77\u5fb7\u683c\u5c14\u5df2\u7ecf\u8bf4\u8fc7\uff0c\u8303\u7574\u662f\u4e00\u822c\u5b58\u5728\u8005\uff0c\u800c\u4e0d\u662f\u6b64\u5728\u7684\u5148\u5929\u89c4\u5b9a\u3002\u8fd9\u91cc\u6d77\u5fb7\u683c\u5c14\u53c8\u91cd\u7533\u4e86\u8fd9\u4e00\u70b9\uff1a \u8303\u7574\u5c5e\u4e8e\u975e\u6b64\u5728\u5b58\u5728\u65b9\u5f0f\u7684\u5b58\u5728\u8005\u3002\u4e5f\u5c31\u662f\u8bf4\uff0c\u4e00\u7269\u5728\u4e00\u7269\u4e4b\u4e2d\u7684\u90a3\u79cd\u201c\u5728\u2026\u2026\u4e4b\u4e2d\u201d\uff0c\u662f\u8303\u7574\u6027\u7684\u5b58\u5728\u65b9\u5f0f\uff0c\u800c\u4e0d\u662f\u751f\u5b58\u8bba\u73b0\u8c61\u3002
\n \u76f8\u53cd\uff0c\u201c\u5728\u4e4b\u4e2d\u201d\u6307\u6b64\u5728\u7684\u5b58\u5728\u72b6\u51b5\uff0c\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u751f\u5b58\u8bba\u8981\u7d20\uff08Existenzial\uff09\u3002Existenzial\u662f\u6d77\u5fb7\u683c\u5c14\u7528\u6765\u6307\u6b64\u5728\u7684\u5b58\u5728\u8bba\u6027\u8d28\u7684\u5f62\u5f0f\u6307\u793a\uff0c\u4ee5\u6b64\u4e0e\u201c\u8303\u7574\u201d\u76f8\u533a\u522b\uff0c\u201c\u8303\u7574\u201d\u6307\u975e\u6b64\u5728\u7684\u5b58\u5728\u8005\u7684\u5b58\u5728\u8bba\u6027\u8d28\u3002\u4e0e\u8303\u7574\u4e0d\u540c\uff0c\u751f\u5b58\u8bba\u8981\u7d20\u662f\u5148\u5929\u7684\uff0c\u8fd9\u610f\u5473\u7740\u5f53\u6211\u4eec\u8bf4\u201c\u5728\u4e16\u5b58\u5728\u201d\u65f6\uff0c\u610f\u601d\u4e0d\u662f\u8bf4\u4e00\u4e2a\u4eba\u4f53\u5728\u4e00\u4e2a\u73b0\u6210\u5b58\u5728\u7684\u5b58\u5728\u8005\u4e2d\u73b0\u6210\u5b58\u5728\uff0c\u4e5f\u4e0d\u610f\u5473\u7740\u73b0\u6210\u5b58\u5728\u7684\u4e1c\u897f\u7a7a\u95f4\u4e0a\u4e00\u4e2a\u6328\u7740\u4e00\u4e2a\uff0c\u56e0\u4e3a\u90a3\u4e2ain\u6839\u672c\u5c31\u4e0d\u662f\u6307\u7269\u7406\u7a7a\u95f4\u7684\u5173\u7cfb\u3002\u5bf9\u4e8e\u5df2\u7ecf\u4e60\u60ef\u4e86\u73b0\u4ee3\u6027\u601d\u7ef4\u7684\u4eba\u6765\u8bf4\uff0c\u7269\u7406\u7a7a\u95f4\u610f\u4e49\u4e4b\u5916\u7684\u201c\u5728\u4e4b\u4e2d\u201d\u4f3c\u4e4e\u6709\u70b9\u532a\u5937\u6240\u601d\u3002\u5b9e\u9645\u4e0a\u8fd9\u4e00\u70b9\u4e5f\u4e0d\u795e\u79d8\u3002\u6211\u4eec\u5e73\u65f6\u8bf4\u201c\u5728\u604b\u7231\u201d\uff08in love\uff09\uff0c\u201c\u5728\u770b\u620f\u201d\uff08in the theater\uff09\uff0c\u6216\u201c\u5728\u505a\u751f\u610f\u201d\uff08in business\uff09\uff0c\u5c31\u662f\u975e\u7269\u7406\u7a7a\u95f4\u610f\u4e49\u4e0a\u7684\u201c\u5728\u4e4b\u4e2d\u201d\u3002\u8fd9\u79cd\u201c\u5728\u4e4b\u4e2d\u201d\u4e0d\u662f\u6307\u5343\u7bc7\u4e00\u5f8b\u7684\u5ba2\u89c2\u7684\u7a7a\u95f4\u5305\u542b\uff0c\u800c\u662f\u6307\u5168\u8eab\u5fc3\u7684\u4e13\u6ce8\u548c\u6295\u5165\u3002
\n \u5728\u63a5\u4e0b\u6765\u4e00\u6bb5\u4e2d\uff0c\u6d77\u5fb7\u683c\u5c14\u4ece\u8bcd\u6839\u5b66\u7684\u89d2\u5ea6\u51fa\u53d1\uff0c\u91cd\u70b9\u9610\u8ff0\u4e86\uff1a\u5728\u4e4b\u4e2d\u7684\u6838\u5fc3\u662f\u5176\u5c45\u4f4f\u7684\u542b\u4e49<\/strong>\u3002\u6d77\u5fb7\u683c\u5c14\u4ecein\u4e2d\u6289\u53d1\u51fa\u201c\u5c45\u4f4f\u201d\uff0c\u4e3a\u7684\u662f\u9996\u5148\u8868\u660e\u5b83\u7684\u751f\u5b58\u8bba\u610f\u4e49\uff0c\u5373\u5b83\u5c5e\u4e8e\u6b64\u5728\uff0c\u800c\u65e0\u5173\u73b0\u6210\u5b58\u5728\u8005\u7684\u5b58\u5728\u3002\u5c45\u4f4f\u662f\u6b64\u5728\u5728\u4e16\u5b58\u5728\u7684\u57fa\u672c\u65b9\u5f0f\u3002\u4e0d\u80fd\u50cf\u623f\u4ea7\u5546\u90a3\u6837\u5728\u73b0\u6210\u5b58\u5728\u7684\u610f\u4e49\u4e0a\u7406\u89e3\u6d77\u5fb7\u683c\u5c14\u7684\u201c\u5c45\u4f4f\u201d\u6982\u5ff5\uff0c\u6d77\u5fb7\u683c\u5c14\u7684\u201c\u5c45\u4f4f\u201d\u6982\u5ff5\u7684\u610f\u4e49\u5728\u201c\u5c45\u201d\u800c\u4e0d\u5728\u201c\u4f4f\u201d\u3002\u5c45\u4f4f\u4e4b\u5c45\u4e0d\u662f\u7f6e\u8eab\u4e8e\u4e00\u4e2a\u7269\u7406\u7a7a\u95f4\u7684\u610f\u601d\uff0c\u800c\u662f\u81ea\u5df1\u548c\u6240\u5c45\u4e4b\u5904\u878d\u4e3a\u4e00\u4f53\uff0c\u4e0d\u5206\u5f7c\u6b64\u3002
\n \u901a\u8fc7\u8bcd\u6839\u5b66\u7684\u89e3\u91ca\uff0c\u6d77\u5fb7\u683c\u5c14\u8868\u660e\uff0c\u201c\u5728\u4e4b\u4e2d\u201d\u4e0d\u662f\u4ec0\u4e48\u4e8b\u7269\u7684\u8303\u7574\u6027\u7279\u5f81\uff0c\u800c\u662f\u5c5e\u4e8e\u6b64\u5728\u7684\u57fa\u672c\u7ed3\u6784\u7684\u751f\u5b58\u8bba\u8981\u7d20\u3002<\/p>\n2.2 \u4f9d\u4e8e\u4e16\u754c\u800c\u5b58\u5728<\/h3>\n
2.2.1 \u201c\u4f9d\u4e8e\u201d\u7684\u542b\u4e49<\/h4>\n
\n \u4f9d\u4e8e\u4e16\u754c\u5b58\u5728\uff0c\u8868\u660e\u4e16\u754c\u662f\u6211\u5b58\u5728\u7684\u4e00\u4e2a\u8981\u7d20\uff0c\u800c\u4e0d\u662f\u51b7\u51b0\u51b0\u7684\u5ba2\u4f53\u3002\u6d77\u5fb7\u683c\u5c14\u8bf4\uff0c\u5982\u679c\u628a\u201c\u5b58\u5728\u201d\u7406\u89e3\u4e3a\u201c\u6211\u5b58\u5728\u201d\u7684\u4e0d\u5b9a\u5f0f\uff0c\u5373\u7406\u89e3\u4e3a\u4e00\u4e2a\u751f\u5b58\u8bba\u8981\u7d20\uff0c\u90a3\u4e48\u201c\u6211\u5b58\u5728\u201d\u5c31\u662f\u201c\u4f9d\u4e8e\u2026\u2026\u5c45\u4f4f\u201d\uff0c\u201c\u719f\u6089\u2026\u2026\u201d\u3002\u6b64\u5728\u4f9d\u4e8e\uff08\u9760\u8fd1\uff09\u4e16\u754c\u65b9\u80fd\u5b58\u5728\uff08\u7406\u89e3\u5b58\u5728\uff09\uff0c\u800c\u4f9d\u9760\u4e16\u754c\uff08\u5b58\u5728\u7684\u5c55\u793a\u65b9\u5f0f\uff09\u610f\u5473\u7740\u5148\u5929\u5c31\u5bf9\u5b58\u5728\u6709\u4e86\u4e86\u89e3\u3002
\n \u4f9d\u4e8e\u4e16\u754c\u800c\u5b58\u5728\uff0c\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u751f\u5b58\u8bba\u73af\u8282<\/strong>\uff0c\u7edd\u975e\u610f\u6307\u628a\u4e00\u4e9b\u73b0\u6210\u7684\u7269\u4f53\u6446\u5728\u4e00\u8d77\u4e4b\u7c7b\u7684\u73b0\u6210\u5b58\u5728\u3002\u7edd\u6ca1\u6709\u4e00\u4e2a\u53eb\u505a\u201c\u6b64\u5728\u201d\u7684\u5b58\u5728\u8005\u540c\u53e6\u4e00\u4e2a\u53eb\u201c\u4e16\u754c\u201d\u7684\u5b58\u5728\u8005\u201c\u6bd4\u80a9\u5e76\u5217\u201d\u90a3\u6837\u4e00\u56de\u4e8b\u3002\u8fd9\u91cc\u7684\u4f9d\u4e8e\uff08\u6216\u4f9d\u8d56\u3001\u9760\u8fd1\uff09\uff0c\u5e76\u975e\u6307\u8303\u7574\u610f\u4e49\uff08\u7269\u7406\u5b66\uff09\u4e0a\u7684\u201c\u89e6\u78b0\u201d\uff0c\u5373\u4e24\u8005\u4e4b\u95f4\u7684\u8ddd\u79bb\u4e3a\u96f6\u3002
\n \u8303\u7574\u610f\u4e49\u7684\u89e6\u78b0\uff0c\u53ea\u80fd\u7528\u4e8e\u975e\u6b64\u5728\u7684\u5b58\u5728\u8005\u4e4b\u95f4\u7684\u90bb\u63a5\u5173\u7cfb\u3002\u5f53\u6211\u8bf4\uff1a\u201c\u6211\u78b0\u5230\u4e86\u95e8\u201d\u65f6\uff0c\u8fd9\u79cd\u78b0\u548c\u8303\u7574\u610f\u4e49\u4e0a\u7684\u78b0\u5177\u6709\u5b8c\u5168\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u5b58\u5728\u7279\u5f81\u3002\u684c\u5b50\u78b0\u5230\u95e8\u4e0e\u6211\u78b0\u5230\u95e8\u6709\u6839\u672c\u7684\u4e0d\u540c\u3002\u5728\u6211\u78b0\u5230\u95e8\u65f6\uff0c\u95e8\u4f5c\u4e3a\u95e8\u4e3a\u6211\u51fa\u73b0\u3002\u201c\u51fa\u73b0\u201d\uff08Begegnen\uff09\u7684\u610f\u601d\u662f\u95e8\u5bf9\u6211\u4f5c\u4e3a\u95e8\u663e\u73b0\uff0c\u56e0\u800c\u6211\u628a\u5b83\u7406\u89e3\u4e3a\u95e8\u3002\u6240\u4ee5\uff0c\u5899\u82e5\u8981\u5728\u751f\u5b58\u8bba\u610f\u4e49\u4e0a\u89e6\u78b0\u6905\u5b50\uff0c\u524d\u63d0\u662f\u5b83\u8981\u80fd\u4e0e\u6905\u5b50\u201c\u76f8\u9047\u201d\uff0c\u5373\u5bf9\u6905\u5b50\u51fa\u73b0\u3002\u5f88\u663e\u7136\uff0c\u5899\u4e0d\u53ef\u80fd\u4e0e\u6905\u5b50\u76f8\u9047\u6216\u5bf9\u6905\u5b50\u51fa\u73b0\u3002\u4f46\u6211\u4eec\u77e5\u9053\uff0c\u7269\u4e0e\u7269\u4e4b\u95f4\u4e0d\u80fd\u76f8\u9047\uff0c\u8fd9\u5012\u5e76\u4e0d\u662f\u56e0\u4e3a\u5b83\u4eec\u6ca1\u6709\u817f\uff0c\u4e0d\u4f1a\u52a8\uff0c\u540c\u4e00\u4e2a\u623f\u95f4\u91cc\u7684\u4e24\u4ef6\u5bb6\u5177\u6211\u4eec\u4e5f\u4e0d\u80fd\u8bf4\u5b83\u4eec\u6574\u5929\u76f8\u9047\u3002\u53ea\u6709\u4e00\u4e2a\u5b58\u5728\u8005\u672c\u6765\u5c31\u6709\u5728\u4e4b\u4e2d\u8fd9\u79cd\u5b58\u5728\u65b9\u5f0f\uff0c\u5373\u53ea\u6709\u5f53\u50cf\u4e16\u754c\u8fd9\u6837\u7684\u4e1c\u897f\u5df2\u7ecf\u968f\u7740\u5b83\u7684\u6b64\u2014\u5728\u88ab\u53d1\u73b0\u4e86\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e2a\u5b58\u5728\u8005\u624d\u80fd\u89e6\u78b0\u4e16\u5185\u7684\u67d0\u4e2a\u73b0\u6210\u5b58\u5728\u7684\u5b58\u5728\u8005\u3002\u5b58\u5728\u8005\u53ea\u662f\u7531\u4e8e\u4e16\u754c\u800c\u5728\u89e6\u78b0\u4e2d\u663e\u793a\u81ea\u5df1\uff0c\u4ee5\u4f7f\u4eba\u4eec\u5f97\u4ee5\u901a\u8fbe\u5b83\u7684\u73b0\u6210\u5b58\u5728\u3002\u8fd9\u5c31\u662f\u8bf4\uff0c\u751f\u5b58\u8bba\u610f\u4e49\u4e0a\u7684\u89e6\u78b0\uff0c\u6216\u4e8b\u7269\u7684\u76f8\u9047\uff08\u663e\u73b0\uff09\u7684\u524d\u63d0\u662f\u8981\u6709\u4e00\u4e2a\u4e16\u754c\uff0c\u800c\u4e8b\u7269\u662f\u6ca1\u6709\u4e16\u754c\u7684\uff0c\u53ea\u6709\u6b64\u5728\u6709\u4e16\u754c\u3002\u4e3a\u4ec0\u4e48\u53ea\u6709\u4eba\u6709\u4e16\u754c\uff1f\u56e0\u4e3a\u5b83\u6709\u201c\u5728\u4e4b\u4e2d\u201d\u8fd9\u79cd\u5b58\u5728\u65b9\u5f0f\u3002\u201c\u5728\u4e4b\u4e2d\u201d\u5177\u6709\u65b9\u57df\u7684\u610f\u601d\uff0c\u5f53\u7136\u4e0d\u662f\u7269\u7406\u7a7a\u95f4\u610f\u4e49\u7684\u65b9\u57df\uff0c\u800c\u662f\u5b58\u5728\u5f97\u4ee5\u5c55\u73b0\u7684\u65b9\u57df\u6216\u5883\u57df\u3002\u6b64\u5728\u4e4b\u6b64\uff08Da\uff09\uff0c\u4e5f\u6709\u65b9\u57df\u7684\u610f\u4e49\u5728\uff0c\u6709\u4e86\u8fd9\u4e2a\u6b64\uff0c\u6709\u4e86\u8fd9\u4e2a\u5883\u57df\uff0c\u4e16\u754c\u5c31\u5f97\u4ee5\u5411\u6b64\u5728\u63ed\u793a\uff0c\u6b64\u5728\u624d\u80fd\u63a5\u89e6\u4e8b\u7269\uff0c\u4e8b\u7269\u4e5f\u624d\u80fd\u901a\u8fc7\u8fd9\u79cd\u63a5\u89e6\uff08\u76f8\u9047\uff09\u5411\u6b64\u5728\u63ed\u793a\u81ea\u5df1\uff0c\u4eba\u4eec\u53ef\u4ee5\u5728\u5b83\u7684\u73b0\u6210\u5b58\u5728\u4e2d\u901a\u8fbe\u5b83\u3002\u8fd9\u91cc\u6240\u8bf4\u7684\u63a5\u89e6\uff0c\u5f53\u7136\u4e0d\u662f\u751f\u7406\u5b66\u6216\u7269\u7406\u5b66\u610f\u4e49\u4e0a\u7684\u89e6\u78b0\uff0c\u800c\u662f\u5b58\u5728\u8bba\u610f\u4e49\u4e0a\u7684\u76f8\u9047\uff0c\u662f\u4e00\u79cd\u5207\u5df1\u7684\u5b58\u5728\u5173\u7cfb\u3002\u804c\u662f\u4e4b\u6545\uff0c\u4e24\u4e2a\u5728\u4e16\u5185\u73b0\u6210\u5b58\u5728\uff0c\u5e76\u4e14\u5b83\u4eec\u672c\u8eab\u662f\u6ca1\u6709\u4e16\u754c\u7684\uff0c\u5b83\u4eec\u5c31\u7edd\u4e0d\u80fd\u201c\u89e6\u78b0\u201d\uff0c\u4e0d\u80fd\u4e00\u4e2a\u201c\u4f9d\u4e8e\u201d\u53e6\u4e00\u4e2a\u201c\u5b58\u5728\u201d\u3002\u53ef\u89c1\u8fd9\u4e2a\u201c\u4f9d\u4e8e\u201d\uff08bei\uff09\u5728\u6d77\u5fb7\u683c\u5c14\u90a3\u91cc\u662f\u4e13\u6307\u5728\u4e16\u754c\u4e2d\u4e0e\u4e16\u5185\u5b58\u5728\u8005\u7684\u5b58\u5728\u5173\u7cfb\uff0c\u5728\u8fd9\u79cd\u5173\u7cfb\u4e2d\uff0c\u4e16\u5185\u5b58\u5728\u8005\u4e0e\u5b83\u76f8\u9047\uff0c\u5411\u5b83\u663e\u73b0\u3002<\/p>\n2.2.2 \u73b0\u6210\u6027 Faktizitat<\/h4>\n
\n \u6d77\u5fb7\u683c\u5c14\u4e00\u65b9\u9762\u6307\u51fa\u53ef\u4ee5\u5c06\u6b64\u5728\u7406\u89e3\u4e3a\u4e00\u4e2a\u73b0\u6210\u5b58\u5728\u8005\u548c\u53ea\u662f\u73b0\u6210\u5b58\u5728\u8005\uff0c\u53e6\u4e00\u65b9\u9762\u53c8\u8bf4\u6b64\u5728\u6709\u5b83\u81ea\u5df1\u7684\u201c\u73b0\u6210\u6027\u201d\u7684\u65b9\u5f0f\u3002\u8fd9\u91cc\u6d77\u5fb7\u683c\u5c14\u628a\u201c\u73b0\u6210\u6027\u201d\u6253\u4e0a\u5f15\u53f7\uff0c\u662f\u8981\u8868\u660e\u8fd9\u79cd\u73b0\u6210\u6027\u5c5e\u4e8e\u6b64\u5728\u6700\u672c\u5df1\u7684\u5b58\u5728\u65b9\u5f0f\uff0c\u5c5e\u4e8e\u751f\u5b58\uff0c\u662f\u4e00\u79cd\u751f\u5b58\u8bba\u7684\u201c\u73b0\u6210\u6027\u201d\uff0c\u53ea\u6709\u4ece\u6b64\u5728\u7684\u5b58\u5728\u7ed3\u6784\u4e0a\u624d\u80fd\u7406\u89e3\u3002[8]\u8981\u628a\u63e1\u8fd9\u79cd\u73b0\u6210\u6027\uff0c\u53ea\u6709\u4e8b\u5148\u7406\u89e3\u6b64\u5728\u79cd\u79cd\u7279\u6b8a\u7684\u7ed3\u6784\uff0c\u800c\u4e0d\u662f\u7f6e\u5b83\u4eec\u4e8e\u4e0d\u987e\u3002\u4e5f\u5c31\u662f\u8bf4\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u5fc5\u987b\u4ece\u6b64\u5728\u7684\u751f\u5b58\u8bba\u7ed3\u6784\u6765\u7406\u89e3\u6b64\u5728\u7279\u6b8a\u7684\u73b0\u6210\u6027\uff0c\u5373\u751f\u5b58\u8bba\u7684\u73b0\u6210\u6027\u3002\u65e2\u7136\u4ece\u751f\u5b58\u8bba\u4e0a\u8bf4\uff0c\u6b64\u5728\u7684\u73b0\u6210\u6027\u5c5e\u4e8e\u5b83\u6700\u672c\u5df1\u7684\u5b58\u5728\u65b9\u5f0f\uff0c\u5373\u5b83\u7684\u5b58\u5728\u7406\u89e3\uff0c\u6b64\u5728\u662f\u5728\u67d0\u79cd\u201c\u4e8b\u5b9e\u7684\u73b0\u6210\u5b58\u5728\u201d\uff08tats\u00e4chlichen Vorhandensein\uff09\u610f\u4e49\u4e0a\u6765\u7406\u89e3\u5b83\u6700\u672c\u5df1\u7684\u5b58\u5728\u3002\u5728\u8fd9\u91cc\uff0c\u6d77\u5fb7\u683c\u5c14\u7ed9\u201c\u4e8b\u5b9e\u7684\u73b0\u6210\u5b58\u5728\u201d\u6253\u4e0a\u4e86\u5f15\u53f7\uff0c\u610f\u601d\u662f\u8fd9\u662f\u6b64\u5728\u4e8b\u5b9e\u7684\u73b0\u6210\u6027\uff0c\u800c\u4e0d\u662f\u975e\u6b64\u5728\u7684\u5b58\u5728\u8005\u7684\u73b0\u6210\u5b58\u5728\u3002<\/p>\n\n
\n \u8fd9\u4e0d\u662f\u50cf\u6709\u7684\u8bba\u8005\u8ba4\u4e3a\u7684\u90a3\u6837\uff0c\u662f\u201c\u6b64\u5728\u4efb\u51ed\u5b83\u5468\u56f4\u4e16\u754c\u4e8b\u5b9e\u7684\u4e8b\u4ef6\u548c\u5bf9\u8c61\u7684\u6446\u5e03\u201d\u3002\u800c\u662f\u8bf4\u5176\u4ed6\u5b58\u5728\u8005\u7684\u5b58\u5728\u4e0e\u6b64\u5728\u7684\u547d\u8fd0\u5fc5\u7136\u76f8\u5173\uff0c\u8fd9\u662f\u5b83\u5728\u4e16\u754c\u4e2d\u5b58\u5728\u7684\u4e00\u4e2a\u57fa\u672c\u72b6\u51b5\uff0c\u662f\u5b83\u7684\u547d\u3002\u6240\u4ee5\u6b64\u5728\u65e0\u6cd5\u201c\u72ec\u5584\u5176\u8eab\u201d\uff0c\u800c\u5fc5\u987b\u4ee5\u6b64\u4f5c\u4e3a\u7406\u89e3\u81ea\u5df1\u5b58\u5728\u7684\u57fa\u70b9\u3002<\/p>\n2.3 \u7a7a\u95f4<\/h3>\n
2.4 \u64cd\u52b3<\/h3>\n
\n \u201c\u64cd\u52b3\u201d\u8fd9\u4e2a\u672f\u8bed\u6765\u81ea\u524d\u54f2\u5b66\u7684\u65e5\u5e38\u8bed\u8a00\uff0c\u6240\u4ee5\u6d77\u5fb7\u683c\u5c14\u8bf4\u5b83\u9996\u5148\u6709\u524d\u79d1\u5b66\u7684\u610f\u4e49\uff0c\u5373\u65e5\u5e38\u610f\u4e49\uff0c\u4ed6\u8fd8\u5217\u4e3e\u4e86\u64cd\u52b3\u4e09\u79cd\u4e3b\u8981\u7684\u65e5\u5e38\u610f\u4e49\u3002\u4f46\u9a6c\u4e0a\u6307\u51fa\uff1a \u5728\u4ed6\u8fd9\u90e8\u4e66\u4e2d\uff0c\u64cd\u52b3\u7684\u610f\u4e49\u4e0e\u90a3\u4e9b\u524d\u79d1\u5b66\u7684\u3001\u5b58\u5728\u8005\u5c42\u9762\u7684\u610f\u4e49\u76f8\u53cd\uff0c\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u5b58\u5728\u8bba\u672f\u8bed\uff08\u751f\u5b58\u8bba\u8981\u7d20\uff09\uff0c\u7528\u6765\u6807\u793a\u4e00\u79cd\u53ef\u80fd\u7684\u5728\u4e16\u5b58\u5728\u7684\u5b58\u5728\u3002\u8fd9\u91cc\u8bf4\u7684\u201c\u53ef\u80fd\u7684\u5728\u4e16\u5b58\u5728\u201d\u662f\u6307\u53ef\u80fd\u7684\u4f9d\u4e8e\u4e16\u5185\u5b58\u5728\u8005\u6216\u201c\u4e16\u754c\u201d\uff08\u5373\u901a\u5e38\u610f\u4e49\u7684\u4e16\u754c\uff09\u7684\u5b58\u5728\u3002\u8fd9\u91cc\u7684\u201c\u53ef\u80fd\u201d\u4e0d\u662f\u901a\u5e38\u4e0e\u201c\u73b0\u5b9e\u201d\u76f8\u5bf9\u7684\u201c\u53ef\u80fd\u201d\uff0c\u800c\u662f\u751f\u5b58\u8bba\u610f\u4e49\u4e0a\u7684\u201c\u53ef\u80fd\u201d\uff0c\u6307\u4e00\u79cd\u4e0e\u4e16\u5185\u5b58\u5728\u8005\u76f8\u5173\u7684\u751f\u5b58\u8bba\u53ef\u80fd\u6027\u3002\u6240\u6709\u6d77\u5fb7\u683c\u5c14\u4e0a\u9762\u6240\u5217\u4e3e\u7684\u4e0e\u4e8b\u7269\u7684\u5173\u7cfb\u65b9\u5f0f\uff08Verhaltungen\uff09\uff0c\u90fd\u662f\u4f9d\u4e8e\u4e16\u5185\u5b58\u5728\u8005\u5b58\u5728\u7684\u53ef\u80fd\u65b9\u5f0f\u3002\u4eba\u4eec\u53ef\u4ee5\u6293\u4f4f\u548c\u65bd\u884c\u8fd9\u4e9b\u5173\u7cfb\u884c\u4e3a\u7684\u53ef\u80fd\u6027\uff0c\u4f46\u4e0d\u80fd\u5b9e\u73b0\u5b83\u4eec\u3002\u8fd9\u4e9b\u53ef\u80fd\u6027\u5728\u65bd\u884c\u8fc7\u7a0b\u4e2d\u4ecd\u4fdd\u6301\u5176\u4e3a\u53ef\u80fd\u6027\u3002
\n \u64cd\u52b3\u7edd\u4e0d\u80fd\u4ece\u5176\u65e5\u5e38\u610f\u4e49\u4e0a\u53bb\u7406\u89e3\uff0c\u800c\u8981\u4ece\u4eba\u4e0e\u4e8b\u7269\u7684\u5b58\u5728\u5173\u7cfb\u5373\u4f9d\u4e8e\u5b58\u5728\u53bb\u7406\u89e3\uff0c\u5b83\u6307\u4eba\u4e0e\u4e16\u5185\u5b58\u5728\u8005\u751f\u5b58\u8bba\u548c\u5b58\u5728\u8bba\u7684\u5173\u7cfb\u3002\u6b63\u56e0\u4e3a\u662f\u751f\u5b58\u8bba\u2014\u5b58\u5728\u8bba\u7684\u5173\u7cfb\uff0c\u800c\u4e0d\u662f\u5b58\u5728\u8005\u5c42\u9762\u6216\u5b58\u5728\u8005\u72b6\u6001\u7684\u5173\u7cfb\uff0c\u64cd\u52b3\u65e2\u4e0d\u80fd\u7406\u89e3\u4e3a\u610f\u8bc6\u8ba4\u8bc6\uff0c\u4e5f\u4e0d\u80fd\u7406\u89e3\u4e3a\u4efb\u4f55\u5b9e\u8df5\u884c\u4e3a\uff0c\u56e0\u4e3a\u90a3\u4e24\u79cd\u90fd\u662f\u4e0e\u4e8b\u7269\u5b58\u5728\u8005\u5c42\u9762\u7684\u5173\u7cfb\u3002\u64cd\u52b3\u662f\u6b64\u5728\u4e4b\u4e3a\u6b64\u5728\u5fc5\u6709\u7684\u57fa\u672c\u5b58\u5728\u65b9\u5f0f\uff0c\u5148\u4e8e\u79d1\u5b66\u7684\u8ba4\u8bc6\u6d3b\u52a8\u548c\u65e5\u5e38\u7684\u5b9e\u8df5\u6d3b\u52a8\uff0c\u662f\u5b83\u4eec\u5f97\u4ee5\u53ef\u80fd\u7684\u5148\u51b3\u6761\u4ef6\u3002\u64cd\u52b3\u662f\u6b64\u5728\u4e00\u79cd\u7279\u6b8a\u7684\u5c55\u793a\u65b9\u5f0f\uff0c\u5b58\u5728\u8005\u5728\u6b64\u5c55\u793a\u65b9\u5f0f\u4e2d\u5f97\u4ee5\u5411\u6b64\u5728\u663e\u73b0\u3002\u65e0\u8bba\u662f\u65e5\u5e38\u5b9e\u8df5\u6d3b\u52a8\u8fd8\u662f\u79d1\u5b66\u7684\u8ba4\u8bc6\u6d3b\u52a8\uff0c\u5df2\u7ecf\u9884\u8bbe\u4e86\u64cd\u52b3\u6b64\u5728\u5148\u5929\u7684\u4e0e\u5b58\u5728\u8005\u7684\u5b58\u5728\u5173\u7cfb\u3002
\n \u64cd\u52b3\u4f5c\u4e3a\u6b64\u5728\u672c\u8d28\u4e0a\u7684\u5411\u4e16\u754c\u5b58\u5728\uff0c\u6b63\u662f\u6d77\u5fb7\u683c\u5c14\u5b58\u5728\u8bba\u610f\u4e49\u4e0a\u7684\u5173\u7cfb\u884c\u4e3a\u7684\u4e00\u79cd\u57fa\u672c\u5f62\u5f0f\u3002\u4f46\u662f\uff0c\u6d77\u5fb7\u683c\u5c14\u63d0\u51fa\u201c\u5173\u7cfb\u884c\u4e3a\u201d\u7684\u6982\u5ff5\u6765\u4ee3\u66ff\u4f20\u7edf\u7684\u610f\u5411\u6027\u6982\u5ff5\uff0c\u5e76\u4e0d\u662f\u8981\u63d0\u5021\u5b9e\u8df5\u5148\u4e8e\u8ba4\u8bc6\uff0c\u800c\u662f\u8981\u6df1\u5165\u90a3\u4e9b\u5173\u7cfb\u884c\u4e3a\uff08\u5305\u62ec\u5b9e\u8df5\u884c\u4e3a\u548c\u610f\u8bc6\u884c\u4e3a\uff09\u53bb\u53d1\u73b0\u5b83\u4eec\u5171\u540c\u7684\u6839\u3002\u8fd9\u4e2a\u5171\u540c\u7684\u6839\u5c31\u662f\u6b64\u5728\u5728\u4e16\u754c\u4e2d\u5b58\u5728\u3002\u8fd9\u4e2a\u5728\u4e16\u754c\u4e2d\u5b58\u5728\u7684\u201c\u5728\u4e4b\u4e2d\u201d\u4e0d\u662f\u6b64\u5728\u65f6\u6709\u65f6\u65e0\u7684\u4e00\u79cd\u201c\u7279\u6027\u201d\uff0c\u6709\u5b83\u6ca1\u5b83\u6b64\u5728\u90fd\u80fd\u5b89\u7136\u65e0\u6059\u3002\u5b83\u662f\u6b64\u5728\u7684\u672c\u8d28\u89c4\u5b9a\uff0c\u6b64\u5728\u6ca1\u6709\u5b83\u5c31\u4e0d\u6210\u5176\u4e3a\u6b64\u5728\u3002\u5728\u4e16\u5b58\u5728\u4e0d\u662f\u6b64\u5728\u540e\u6765\u624d\u6709\u7684\u4e1c\u897f\uff0c\u800c\u662f\u5b83\u5148\u5929\u7684\u672c\u8d28\u3002\u6b64\u5728\u9996\u5148\u7edd\u4e0d\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u9057\u4e16\u72ec\u7acb\u7684\u5b58\u5728\u8005\uff0c\u7136\u540e\u4ec0\u4e48\u65f6\u5019\u5fc3\u8840\u6765\u6f6e\u5c31\u63a5\u53d7\u4e00\u79cd\u4e0e\u4e16\u754c\u7684\u5173\u7cfb\u3002\u53ea\u8981\u6b64\u5728\u5b58\u5728\uff0c\u5b83\u5df2\u7ecf\u5904\u4e8e\u4e0e\u201c\u4e16\u754c\u201d\uff08\u4e16\u5185\u5b58\u5728\u8005\uff09\u7684\u751f\u5b58\u8bba\u5173\u7cfb\u4e2d\u3002\u53ea\u662f\u56e0\u4e3a\u5b83\u5df2\u7ecf\u5982\u5176\u6240\u662f\u5730\u5728\u4e16\u754c\u4e2d\u5b58\u5728\uff0c\u5b83\u624d\u80fd\u63a5\u53d7\u4e0e\u4e16\u754c\u7684\u5173\u7cfb\u3002\u5982\u679c\u6211\u4eec\u628a\u5173\u7cfb\u884c\u4e3a\u7406\u89e3\u4e3a\u6b64\u5728\u4e0e\u4e16\u754c\u7684\u5173\u7cfb\u7684\u8bdd\uff0c\u90a3\u4e48\u5f88\u663e\u7136\uff0c\u53ea\u662f\u56e0\u4e3a\u6b64\u5728\u5df2\u7ecf\u5728\u4e16\uff0c\u5b83\u624d\u80fd\u6709\u5173\u7cfb\u884c\u4e3a\uff0c\u800c\u975e\u4ec5\u4ec5\u56e0\u4e3a\u5b83\u6709\u610f\u8bc6\u3002\u6b64\u5728\u80fd\u5173\u7cfb\u5176\u4ed6\u5b58\u5728\u8005\u8fd9\u79cd\u5b58\u5728\u72b6\u51b5\u4e5f\u4e0d\u662f\u56e0\u4e3a\u9664\u4e86\u6b64\u5728\u4e4b\u5916\uff0c\u4e16\u754c\u4e0a\u8fd8\u6709\u5176\u4ed6\u5b58\u5728\u8005\u73b0\u6210\u5b58\u5728\uff0c\u5b83\u4eec\u4e0e\u6b64\u5728\u76f8\u9047\uff0c\u6216\u201c\u805a\u96c6\u5728\u4e00\u8d77\u201d\u3002\u5176\u4ed6\u5b58\u5728\u8005\u53ea\u6709\u5728\u4e00\u4e2a\u201c\u4e16\u754c\u201d\u4e2d\u4ece\u5176\u81ea\u8eab\u663e\u793a\u81ea\u5df1\uff0c\u624d\u5f97\u4ee5\u4e0e\u6b64\u5728\u805a\u96c6\u5728\u4e00\u8d77\u3002\u5982\u679c\u6b64\u5728\u4e0e\u4e8b\u7269\u662f\u5728\u4e16\u754c\u4e2d\u76f8\u9047\uff0c\u90a3\u4e48\u4e16\u754c\u5c31\u662f\u5c06\u5b83\u4eec\u8fde\u5728\u4e00\u8d77\u7684\u4e1c\u897f\u3002\u8fd9\u7edd\u4e0d\u80fd\u7406\u89e3\u4e3a\u4e16\u754c\u662f\u5b83\u4eec\u4e4b\u95f4\u7684\u5916\u5728\u5173\u7cfb\uff0c\u800c\u8981\u7406\u89e3\u4e3a\u4e16\u754c\u662f\u5b83\u4eec\u5f97\u4ee5\u5c55\u73b0\u7684\u5171\u540c\u5883\u57df\u3002<\/p>\n\u4e09\u3001\u5468\u56f4\u4e16\u754c<\/h2>\n
\n \u867d\u7136\u751f\u7269\u5b66\u63d0\u51fa\u52a8\u7269\u6709\u81ea\u5df1\u7684\u4e16\u754c\uff0c\u4f46\u5728\u6d77\u5fb7\u683c\u5c14\u770b\u6765\uff0c\u201c\u6709\u4e16\u754c\u201d\u8fd9\u4e2a\u5b58\u5728\u8bba\u7ed3\u6784\u5f52\u6839\u7ed3\u5e95\u5c5e\u4e8e\u6b64\u5728\u7684\u7ed3\u6784\u3002\u8fd9\u542c\u4e0a\u53bb\u4f3c\u4e4e\u6709\u70b9\u5947\u602a\uff0c\u751a\u81f3\u6709\u70b9\u66f2\u4e3a\u5df1\u8bf4\u3002\u4f46\u662f\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u4e0d\u8981\u5fd8\u4e86\uff0c\u6d77\u5fb7\u683c\u5c14\u8fd9\u91cc\u8c08\u8bba\u7684\u662f\u5b58\u5728\u8bba\u5c42\u9762\uff0c\u800c\u4e0d\u662f\u5b58\u5728\u8005\u5c42\u9762\u7684\u95ee\u9898\u3002\u52a8\u7269\u7684\u5b58\u5728\u65b9\u5f0f\u4e4b\u6240\u4ee5\u80fd\u53d1\u73b0\uff0c\u5728\u4e8e\u5b83\u4eec\u5df2\u7ecf\u5728\u6b64\u5728\u7684\u5728\u4e16\u5b58\u5728\u4e2d\u663e\u793a\u4e86\u51fa\u6765\u3002\u6ca1\u6709\u6b64\u5728\u7684\u5728\u4e16\u5b58\u5728\uff0c\u52a8\u7269\u7684\u201c\u6709\u4e16\u754c\u201d\u5c31\u65e0\u6cd5\u88ab\u53d1\u73b0\u3002\u4e5f\u5c31\u662f\u8bf4\uff0c\u6ca1\u6709\u6b64\u5728\u5728\u4e16\u5b58\u5728\u7684\u5c55\u793a\u6027\uff0c\u5c31\u6839\u672c\u8c08\u4e0d\u4e0a\u52a8\u7269\u6709\u65e0\u4e16\u754c\u3002\u56e0\u6b64\uff0c\u5f52\u6839\u7ed3\u5e95\uff0c\u201c\u6709\u4e16\u754c\u201d\u5c5e\u4e8e\u6b64\u5728\u7684\u7ed3\u6784\u3002\u4f46\u662f\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e2a\u7ed3\u6784\u7528\u4e8e\u52a8\u690d\u7269\u7b49\u975e\u6b64\u5728\u7684\u751f\u547d\u8fd8\u5f97\u7ecf\u8fc7\u4e00\u4e2a\u8f6c\u6298\uff0c\u5373\u6d77\u5fb7\u683c\u5c14\u8bf4\u7684\u201c\u751f\u547d\u201d\u7684\u5b58\u5728\u72b6\u51b5\u53ea\u6709\u4ee5\u5265\u593a\u7684\u65b9\u5f0f\u624d\u80fd\u5f97\u5230\u5148\u5929\u7684\u754c\u5b9a\u3002\u8fd9\u91cc\u6253\u5f15\u53f7\u7684\u201c\u751f\u547d\u201d\u6307\u7684\u662f\u52a8\u690d\u7269\u7684\u751f\u547d\u3002\u53ea\u6709\u5c06\u6b64\u5728\u7684\u5b58\u5728\u7406\u89e3\u548c\u4e16\u754c\u7406\u89e3\u201c\u5265\u593a\u201d\u4e86\u4ee5\u540e\u624d\u80fd\u7528\u201c\u6709\u4e16\u754c\u201d\u6765\u5148\u5929\u5730\u754c\u5b9a\u751f\u547d\u7684\u5b58\u5728\u72b6\u51b5\u3002
\n \u5982\u679c\u751f\u7269\u5b66\u4ee5\u6b64\u5728\u7684\u5728\u4e16\u5b58\u5728\u4e3a\u524d\u63d0\u7684\u8bdd\uff0c\u90a3\u4e48\u4f5c\u4e3a\u64cd\u52b3\u7684\u5728\u4e16\u5b58\u5728\u65e0\u8bba\u5728\u5b58\u5728\u8005\u5c42\u9762\u8fd8\u662f\u5728\u5b58\u5728\u8bba\u4e0a\u90fd\u6709\u4f18\u5148\u6027\u3002\u201c\u64cd\u52b3\u201d\u662f\u5728\u4e16\u5b58\u5728\u7684\u4e00\u79cd\u65b9\u5f0f\uff01\u64cd\u52b3\u662f\u6307\u6b64\u5728\u4e0e\u975e\u6b64\u5728\u7684\u5b58\u5728\u8005\u57fa\u672c\u7684\u5b58\u5728\u5173\u7cfb\uff0c\u7528\u57fa\u7840\u5b58\u5728\u8bba\u7684\u884c\u8bdd\u8bf4\uff0c\u662f\u4f9d\u4e8e\u4e16\u5185\u5b58\u5728\u8005\u7684\u5b58\u5728\u3002\u5b83\u5f53\u7136\u8981\u5728\u5b58\u5728\u8005\u5c42\u9762\u548c\u5b58\u5728\u8bba\u4e24\u4e2a\u5c42\u9762\u4e0a\u5148\u4e8e\u751f\u7269\u5b66\u3002\u6ca1\u6709\u4eba\u4e0e\u751f\u7269\u7684\u5173\u7cfb\uff0c\u4eba\u5c31\u4e0d\u53ef\u80fd\u7814\u7a76\u751f\u7269\u3002\u6ca1\u6709\u6b64\u5728\u7684\u5728\u4e16\u5b58\u5728\uff0c\u751f\u7269\u5b66\u5c31\u4e0d\u53ef\u80fd\u5c06\u751f\u7269\u4f5c\u4e3a\u81ea\u5df1\u7684\u4e13\u9898\u7814\u7a76\u5bf9\u8c61\u3002<\/p>\n\u56db\u3001\u56de\u7b54\u8bfb\u8005\u7684\u4e24\u4e2a\u95ee\u9898<\/h2>\n
4.1 \u4e3a\u4f55\u4ee5\u5426\u5b9a\u6027\u63cf\u8ff0\u5728\u4e16\u5b58\u5728<\/h3>\n
\n \u8bef\u89e3\u662f\u600e\u6837\u7684\uff1f
\n \u4ece\u5b58\u5728\u8005\u5230\u89d2\u5ea6\u53bb\u8ba8\u8bba\u5b58\u5728\uff0c\u5176\u5f97\u5230\u7684\u201c\u5b58\u5728\u201d\u5fc5\u7136\u662f\u9759\u6b62\u7684\u3002\u4f8b\u5982\uff1a\u201c\u82b1\u662f\u7ea2\u7684\u201d\u3001\u201c\u6211\u662f\u7a0b\u5e8f\u5458\u201d\u3002\u800c\u6d77\u5fb7\u683c\u5c14\u6240\u8bf4\u7684\u5b58\u5728<\/strong>\uff0c\u5176\u5f3a\u8c03\u5b83\u7684\u52a8\u8bcd\u6027\uff0c\u5373\u53bb\u5b58\u5728<\/strong>\u3002<\/p>\n4.2 \u4e3a\u4f55\u4eba\u4eec\u603b\u662f\u4ece\u8ba4\u8bc6\u8bba\u51fa\u53d1\u53bb\u7406\u89e3\u6b64\u5728\u7684\u5728\u4e16\u5b58\u5728<\/h3>\n
\n \u6d77\u5fb7\u683c\u5c14\u628a\u8fd9\u79cd\u5b58\u5728\u8bba\u8c2c\u8bef\u79f0\u4e3a\u5b58\u5728\u8bba\u4e0a\u4e0d\u9002\u5f53\u7684\u9610\u91ca\uff0c\u7531\u4e8e\u8fd9\u79cd\u201c\u5b58\u5728\u8bba\u4e0a\u4e0d\u9002\u5f53\u7684\u9610\u91ca\u201d\uff0c\u5c3d\u7ba1\u6211\u4eec\u5bf9\u5728\u4e16\u5b58\u5728\u6709\u524d\u73b0\u8c61\u5b66\u7684\u7ecf\u9a8c\u548c\u8ba4\u8bc6\uff0c\u4f46\u5b83\u5374\u5e76\u6ca1\u6709\u5411\u6211\u4eec\u660e\u786e\u5c55\u793a\u3002\u53ef\u4eba\u4eec\u73b0\u5728\u53ea\u662f\u4ee5\u8fd9\u79cd\u4e0d\u9002\u5f53\u7684\u9610\u91ca\u63d0\u4f9b\u7684\u5f62\u5f0f\u4e86\u89e3\u8fd9\u4e2a\u6b64\u5728\u72b6\u51b5\uff0c\u5e76\u628a\u8fd9\u79cd\u8ba4\u8bc6\u5f53\u505a\u67d0\u79cd\u4e0d\u8a00\u800c\u55bb\u7684\u4e1c\u897f\u3002\u4eba\u4eec\u53ea\u662f\u4ece\u8ba4\u8bc6\u8bba\u7684\u89d2\u5ea6\uff0c\u4ece\u4e24\u4e2a\u73b0\u6210\u5b58\u5728\u8005\u7684\u73b0\u6210\u5173\u7cfb\u6765\u7406\u89e3\u6b64\u5728\u7684\u5728\u4e16\u5b58\u5728\uff0c\u5c06\u5b83\u89c6\u4e3a\u4e16\u754c\u4e0e\u7075\u9b42\uff0c\u4ea6\u5373\u4e3b\u4f53\u4e0e\u5ba2\u4f53\u7684\u5173\u7cfb\uff0c\u5e76\u4e14\u4ee5\u4e3a\u8fd9\u79cd\u7406\u89e3\u662f\u4e0d\u8a00\u800c\u55bb\u7684\u3002\u8fd9\u6837\uff0c\u5b83\u5c31\u6210\u4e86\u8ba4\u8bc6\u8bba\u95ee\u9898\u6216\u201c\u77e5\u8bc6\u5f62\u800c\u4e0a\u5b66\u201d\u201c\u660e\u663e\u7684\u201d\u51fa\u53d1\u70b9\u3002\u8fd9\u91cc\uff0c\u201c\u8ba4\u8bc6\u8bba\u95ee\u9898\u201d\u662f\u6307\u5f53\u65f6\u65b0\u5eb7\u5fb7\u4e3b\u4e49\u7684\u8ba4\u8bc6\u8bba\uff1b\u800c\u201c\u77e5\u8bc6\u5f62\u800c\u4e0a\u5b66\u201d\u663e\u7136\u662f\u6307\u5c3c\u53e4\u83b1\u00b7\u54c8\u7279\u66fc\u7684\u7acb\u573a\uff0c\u4ed6\u57281921\u5e74\u51fa\u7248\u4e86\u4e00\u90e8\u9898\u4e3a\u300a\u77e5\u8bc6\u5f62\u800c\u4e0a\u5b66\u7684\u57fa\u672c\u7279\u5f81\u300b\u7684\u8457\u4f5c\u3002\u8bf4\u4e3b\u5ba2\u4f53\u5173\u7cfb\u662f\u201c\u660e\u663e\u7684\u201d\u51fa\u53d1\u70b9\uff0c\u662f\u56e0\u4e3a\u6ca1\u4ec0\u4e48\u6bd4\u4e00\u4e2a\u201c\u4e3b\u4f53\u201d\u4e0e\u4e00\u4e2a\u201c\u5ba2\u4f53\u201d\u6709\u5173\u7cfb\uff0c\u53cd\u4e4b\u4ea6\u7136\uff0c\u66f4\u660e\u663e\u7684\u4e86\u3002\u76f4\u5230\u4eca\u5929\uff0c\u6050\u6015\u8fd8\u6709\u76f8\u5f53\u4e00\u90e8\u5206\u4eba\u4f1a\u8ba4\u4e3a\u4e3b\u5ba2\u4f53\u5173\u7cfb\u7406\u6240\u5f53\u7136\u662f\u6700\u6e90\u59cb\u7684\u5173\u7cfb\u3002\u5373\u4f7f\u56e0\u63d0\u5021\u201c\u5b9e\u8df5\u54f2\u5b66\u201d\u800c\u4e3b\u5f20\u4e3b\u5ba2\u4f53\u6e90\u59cb\u7edf\u4e00\u7684\u4eba\uff0c\u4e5f\u4e0d\u592a\u53ef\u80fd\u8bf4\u6e05\u695a\u5b83\u4eec\u4e3a\u4ec0\u4e48\u6e90\u59cb\u7edf\u4e00\u3002\u8981\u8bf4\u6e05\u695a\u5b83\u4eec\u7684\u7edf\u4e00\u9996\u5148\u8981\u8bf4\u6e05\u695a\u533a\u5206\u5b83\u4eec\u7684\u6839\u636e\u3002\u800c\u65e0\u8bba\u4e3b\u5f20\u4e3b\u5ba2\u4f53\u7edf\u4e00\u4e0e\u5426\uff0c\u5f80\u5f80\u90fd\u662f\u5c06\u5b83\u4eec\u7684\u533a\u5206\u89c6\u4e3a\u4e0d\u8a00\u800c\u55bb\u7684\u3002\u4e5f\u5c31\u662f\u6d77\u5fb7\u683c\u5c14\u5728\u8fd9\u91cc\u8bf4\u7684\uff0c\u5fc5\u987b\u9884\u8bbe\u201c\u4e3b\u4f53\u2014\u5ba2\u4f53\u5173\u7cfb\u201d\u3002\u6d77\u5fb7\u683c\u5c14\u4e5f\u8ba4\u4e3a\uff0c\u8fd9\u79cd\u9884\u8bbe\u5728\u5b83\u7684\u4e8b\u5b9e\u6027\u4e0a\u662f\u65e0\u53ef\u6307\u6458\u7684\uff0c\u56e0\u4e3a\u5b83\u4e0d\u662f\u51fa\u4e8e\u4e3b\u89c2\u7684\u8ba4\u8bc6\u9519\u8bef\uff0c\u800c\u6070\u6070\u662f\u6b64\u5728\u7684\u5b58\u5728\u65b9\u5f0f\u4f7f\u7136\u3002\u4f46\u5982\u679c\u8fd9\u79cd\u9884\u8bbe\uff08\u4e3b\u5ba2\u4f53\u5173\u7cfb\uff09\u7684\u5b58\u5728\u8bba\u5fc5\u7136\u6027\u3001\u5c24\u5176\u662f\u5b83\u7684\u5b58\u5728\u8bba\u610f\u4e49\u672a\u80fd\u660e\u4e86\u7684\u8bdd\uff0c\u90a3\u4e48\u6070\u6070\u7531\u4e8e\u540c\u6837\u539f\u56e0\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e2a\u9884\u8bbe\u7684\u540e\u679c\u5c06\u975e\u5e38\u4e25\u91cd\u3002
\n \u8fd9\u4e2a\u9884\u8bbe\u540e\u679c\u7684\u4e25\u91cd\u4e0d\u662f\u56e0\u4e3a\u5b83\u672c\u8eab\u6b6a\u66f2\u4e86\u4ec0\u4e48\u6216\u8bef\u5bfc\u4e86\u4ec0\u4e48\uff0c\u800c\u662f\u5b83\u4f7f\u5f97\u4eba\u4eec\u591a\u6570\u5c06\u8ba4\u8bc6\u4e16\u754c\u4f5c\u4e3a\u5728\u4e4b\u4e2d\u73b0\u8c61\u7684\u60df\u4e00\u8303\u4f8b\uff0c\u4e0d\u4ec5\u4ec5\u5bf9\u8ba4\u8bc6\u8bba\u662f\u8fd9\u6837\uff0c\u5b83\u4e5f\u6210\u4e86\u7406\u89e3\u5b9e\u8df5\u5173\u7cfb\u884c\u4e3a\u7684\u4e00\u4e2a\u57fa\u51c6\uff0c\u5b9e\u8df5\u5173\u7cfb\u884c\u4e3a\u88ab\u7406\u89e3\u4e3a\u4e0d\u662f\u7406\u8bba\u6216\u975e\u7406\u8bba\u7684\u5173\u7cfb\u884c\u4e3a\u3002\u8fd9\u4e2a\u8ba4\u8bc6\u7684\u4f18\u5148\u6027\u4f7f\u6211\u4eec\u5bf9\u5b83\u672c\u5df1\u7684\u5b58\u5728\u65b9\u5f0f\u7684\u7406\u89e3\u8d70\u5165\u6b67\u9014\u3002\u5373\u5c06\u5b83\u672c\u5df1\u7684\u5b58\u5728\u65b9\u5f0f\u7406\u89e3\u4e3a\u4e3b\u5ba2\u4f53\u95f4\u7684\u73b0\u6210\u6027\u7684\u5173\u7cfb\u3002\u9274\u4e8e\u8fd9\u4e9b\u7406\u7531\uff0c\u6d77\u5fb7\u683c\u5c14\u8ba4\u4e3a\uff0c\u5e94\u8be5\u4ece\u8ba4\u8bc6\u4e16\u754c\u8fd9\u4e2a\u89c6\u89d2\uff0c\u66f4\u5c16\u9510\u5730\u7a81\u51fa\u5728\u4e16\u5b58\u5728\uff0c\u4f7f\u5b83\u672c\u8eab\u6210\u4e3a\u5728\u4e4b\u4e2d\u7684\u4e00\u4e2a\u751f\u5b58\u8bba\u201c\u6837\u5f0f\u201d\u800c\u5448\u73b0\u5728\u6211\u4eec\u773c\u524d\u3002<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"