\u6a21\u677f\uff08Template\uff09\u6307C++\u7a0b\u5e8f\u8bbe\u8ba1\u8bbe\u8ba1\u8bed\u8a00\u4e2d\u91c7\u7528\u7c7b\u578b\u4f5c\u4e3a\u53c2\u6570\u7684\u7a0b\u5e8f\u8bbe\u8ba1\uff0c\u652f\u6301\u901a\u7528\u7a0b\u5e8f\u8bbe\u8ba1\u3002C++ \u7684\u6807\u51c6\u5e93\u63d0\u4f9b\u8bb8\u591a\u6709\u7528\u7684\u51fd\u6570\u5927\u591a\u7ed3\u5408\u4e86\u6a21\u677f\u7684\u89c2\u5ff5\uff0c\u5982STL\u4ee5\u53caIO Stream\u3002<\/p>\n
\u51fd\u6570\u6a21\u677f\u80fd\u591f\u4f7f\u4e00\u4e2a\u51fd\u6570\u5904\u7406\u591a\u79cd\u4e0d\u540c\u4f20\u5165\u7c7b\u578b\u3002
\n \u51fd\u6570\u6a21\u677f\u58f0\u660e\u5982\u4e0b\uff1a<\/p>\n
template <class identifier> function_declaration;\ntemplate <typename identifier> function_declaration;<\/code><\/pre>\n \u4e0b\u9762\u6765\u770b\u4e00\u4e2aswap\u51fd\u6570\u7684\u5b9e\u4f8b\u3002<\/p>\n
#include <iostream>\nusing namespace std;\n\ntemplate<typename T>void Tswap(T& a, T& b)\n{\n T temp = a;\n a = b;\n b = temp;\n}\n\nint main()\n{ \n int a{ 5 }, b{ 1 };\n Tswap(a, b);\n cout << a << ' ' << b << endl;\n string c{ "hello" }, d{ "world" };\n Tswap(c, d);\n cout << c << ' ' << d << endl;\n \/\/display:\n \/\/1 5\n \/\/world hello\n return 0;\n}<\/code><\/pre>\n\u4e8c\u3001\u6a21\u677f\u7c7b<\/h2>\n
\u4e0b\u9762\u8bd5\u7740\u6765\u5199\u4e00\u4e2a\u7b80\u5355\u7684\u6a21\u677f\u7c7b\u3002<\/p>\n
#include <iostream>\nusing namespace std;\n\ntemplate<class T>class MyClass\n{\nprivate:\n T m_element;\npublic:\n \/\/\u6784\u9020\u51fd\u6570:\n MyClass(const T& _t = T{}) :m_element{ _t } { }\n\n void Show()\n {\n cout << "call func_show" << endl;\n }\n};\n\nint main()\n{ \n MyClass<string> a;\n a.Show();\n MyClass<int> b{ 1 };\n b.Show();\n return 0;\n}<\/code><\/pre>\n\u4e09\u3001\u6a21\u677f\u4e13\u95e8\u5316\uff08\u5c06\u6a21\u677f\u51fd\u6570\u7279\u5316\uff09<\/h2>\n
\u5f53\u6211\u4eec\u5728\u5904\u7406\u4e00\u4e9b\u95ee\u9898\u65f6\uff0c\u6a21\u677f\u53ef\u80fd\u4f1a\u51fa\u73b0\u7c7b\u578b\u4e0d\u5339\u914d\uff08\u5982char*\uff09\uff0c\u8fd9\u65f6\u5019\u6211\u4eec\u5c31\u9700\u8981\u5355\u72ec\u4e66\u5199\u4e00\u904d\u6a21\u677f\u7528\u6765\u5904\u7406\u7279\u6b8a\u95ee\u9898\u3002
\n \u4e0b\u9762\u901a\u8fc7compare\u7c7b\u6765\u6f14\u793a\u3002<\/p>\n
#include <iostream>\nusing namespace std;\n\ntemplate<class T>class compare\n{\npublic:\n bool comp(const T& a, const T& b)\n {\n return a < b;\n }\n};\n\ntemplate<>class compare<char*>\n{\npublic:\n bool comp(const char* a, const char* b)\n {\n return a < b;\n }\n};\n\nint main()\n{ \n compare<char*> c1;\n cout << c1.comp("hello", "world") << endl;\n \/\/error without compare<char*>\n return 0;\n}<\/code><\/pre>\n\u56db\u3001\u6a21\u677f\u7c7b\u578b\u8f6c\u6362<\/h2>\n
\u8fd8\u662f\u4e0a\u9762\u7684MyClass\u7c7b\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u8bd5\u7740\u5bf9\u4ed6\u8fdb\u884c\u7c7b\u578b\u8f6c\u6362\u3002<\/p>\n
#include <iostream>\nusing namespace std;\n\nclass Base\n{\n\n};\n\nclass Derived : public Base\n{\n\n};\n\ntemplate<class T>class MyClass\n{\nprivate:\n T m_element;\npublic:\n MyClass(const T& _t = T{}) :m_element{ _t } { }\n\n void Show()\n {\n cout << "call func_show" << endl;\n }\n\n \/\/\u7c7b\u578b\u8f6c\u6362\n template<class Tother> operator MyClass<Tother>()\n {\n cout << "Type conversion" << endl;\n MyClass<Tother> temp;\n \/\/\u9700\u8981\u7684\u8bed\u53e5\n return temp;\n }\n};\n\nint main()\n{\n MyClass<Base> a;\n MyClass<Derived> b;\n a = b;\n return 0;\n}<\/code><\/pre>\n \u6ce8\u610f\uff1a\u5176\u4e2d\u8bed\u53e5\u5fc5\u987b\u8981\u662f\u5408\u7406\u7684\uff0c\u5426\u5219\u7f16\u8bd1\u5668\u5c06\u62a5\u9519\u3002<\/p>\n
\u4e94\u3001\u5176\u4ed6<\/h2>\n
\u4e00\u4e2a\u7c7b\u6ca1\u6709\u6a21\u677f\uff0c\u4f46\u5b83\u7684\u6210\u5458\u6709\u6a21\u677f\uff0c\u8fd9\u662f\u5408\u6cd5\u7684\u3002<\/p>\n
#include <iostream>\nusing namespace std;\n\nclass Util\n{\npublic:\n template <class T> bool equal(T t1, T t2)\n {\n return t1 == t2;\n }\n};\n\nint main()\n{\n Util util;\n util.equal<int>(1, 2);\n return 0;\n}<\/code><\/pre>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"\u5f15\u8a00 \u6a21\u677f\uff08Template\uff09\u6307C++\u7a0b\u5e8f\u8bbe\u8ba1\u8bbe\u8ba1\u8bed\u8a00\u4e2d\u91c7\u7528\u7c7b\u578b\u4f5c\u4e3a\u53c2\u6570\u7684\u7a0b\u5e8f\u8bbe\u8ba1\uff0c\u652f\u6301\u901a\u7528\u7a0b\u5e8f\u8bbe\u8ba1\u3002C+ …<\/p>","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[48],"tags":[],"amp_enabled":true,"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/swordofmorning.com\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/239"}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/swordofmorning.com\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/swordofmorning.com\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/swordofmorning.com\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/swordofmorning.com\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=239"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/swordofmorning.com\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/239\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":435,"href":"https:\/\/swordofmorning.com\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/239\/revisions\/435"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/swordofmorning.com\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=239"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/swordofmorning.com\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=239"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/swordofmorning.com\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=239"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}