{"id":1572,"date":"2025-02-21T14:19:36","date_gmt":"2025-02-21T06:19:36","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/swordofmorning.com\/?p=1572"},"modified":"2025-10-09T13:54:09","modified_gmt":"2025-10-09T05:54:09","slug":"tcopr-03","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/swordofmorning.com\/index.php\/2025\/02\/21\/tcopr-03\/","title":{"rendered":"\u300a\u7eaf\u7cb9\u7406\u6027\u6279\u5224\u300b03 \u5148\u9a8c\u903b\u8f91 \u5bfc\u8bba.\u5148\u9a8c\u903b\u8f91\u7684\u7406\u5ff5"},"content":{"rendered":"

<\/div><\/p>\n

  \u672c\u7bc7\u6587\u7ae0\u6211\u4eec\u5173\u6ce8\u5148\u9a8c\u903b\u8f91<\/code>\u7684\u5bfc\u8bba<\/code>\u90e8\u5206\uff0c\u8fd9\u91cc\u6211\u4eec\u5c06\u5148\u9a8c\u903b\u8f91\u5206\u4e3a\u4e86\u5148\u9a8c\u5206\u6790\u548c\u5148\u9a8c\u8fa9\u8bc1\u3002<\/p>\n

I. Transcendental Doctrine of Elements\n....\n    Second Part\u2014TRANSCENDENTAL LOGIC\n        Introduction. Idea of a Transcendental Logic\n            I. Of Logic in General\n            II. Of Transcendental Logic\n            III. Of the Division of General Logic into Analytic and Dialectic\n            IV. Of the Division of Transcendental Logic into Transcendental Analytic and Dialectic<\/code><\/pre>\n
\u4e00\u3001\u8bba\u903b\u8f91\u5b66\u4e00\u822c<\/h2>\n
Of Logic in General.<\/strong><\/p>\n
1.1 \u8981\u70b9<\/h3>\n
    \n
  1. \u4eba\u7c7b\u8ba4\u77e5\u7684\u4e24\u4e2a\u4e3b\u8981\u6765\u6e90\uff1a\u63a5\u53d7\u8868\u8c61\u7684\u80fd\u529b\u548c\u901a\u8fc7\u8868\u8c61\u8fdb\u884c\u8ba4\u77e5\u7684\u80fd\u529b<\/li>\n
  2. \u611f\u6027(sensibility)\u4e0e\u77e5\u6027(understanding)\u7684\u5173\u7cfb<\/li>\n
  3. \u666e\u904d\u903b\u8f91(general logic)\u7684\u5206\u7c7b\u548c\u7279\u5f81<\/li>\n
  4. \u7eaf\u7cb9\u903b\u8f91(pure logic)\u4e0e\u5e94\u7528\u903b\u8f91(applied logic)\u7684\u533a\u522b<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n
    1.2 \u8bd1\u6587<\/h3>\n
      \u6211\u4eec\u7684\u77e5\u8bc6\u6e90\u81ea(springs from)\u5fc3\u667a\u4e2d\u7684\u4e24\u4e2a\u4e3b\u8981\u6e90\u6cc9\uff1a\u7b2c\u4e00\u4e2a\u662f\u63a5\u53d7\u8868\u8c61\u7684\u5b98\u80fd\u6216\u80fd\u529b(faculty of receiving representations\/receptivity for impressions)\uff1b\u7b2c\u4e8c\u4e2a\u662f\u901a\u8fc7\u8fd9\u4e9b\u8868\u8c61\u8fdb\u884c\u8ba4\u77e5\u7684\u80fd\u529b(power of cognizing\/spontaneity in the production of conceptions)\u3002\u901a\u8fc7\u7b2c\u4e00\u4e2a\u80fd\u529b\uff0c\u5bf9\u8c61\u88ab\u7ed9\u4e88(given to)\u6211\u4eec\uff1b\u901a\u8fc7\u7b2c\u4e8c\u4e2a\u80fd\u529b\uff0c\u5bf9\u8c61\u5728\u4e0e\u8868\u8c61(representation)\u7684\u5173\u7cfb\u4e2d\uff08\u8fd9\u8868\u8c61\u4ec5\u662f\u5fc3\u667a\u7684\u4e00\u79cd\u89c4\u5b9a(determination)\uff09\u88ab\u601d\u8003(thought)\u3002\u56e0\u6b64\uff0c\u76f4\u89c2(intuition)\u548c\u6982\u5ff5(conceptions)\u6784\u6210\u4e86\u6211\u4eec\u6240\u6709\u77e5\u8bc6\u7684\u8981\u7d20\uff0c\u5982\u6b64\u4e00\u6765\uff0c\u65e2\u4e0d\u80fd\u6709\u65e0\u76f8\u5e94\u76f4\u89c2\u7684\u6982\u5ff5\uff0c\u4e5f\u4e0d\u80fd\u6709\u65e0\u6982\u5ff5\u7684\u76f4\u89c2\u6765\u4e3a\u6211\u4eec\u63d0\u4f9b\u8ba4\u77e5(cognition)\u3002\u8fd9\u4e24\u8005\u6216\u8005\u662f\u7eaf\u7cb9\u7684(pure)\uff0c\u6216\u8005\u662f\u7ecf\u9a8c\u7684(empirical)\u3002\u5f53\u5b83\u4eec\u5305\u542b\u611f\u89c9(sensation)\uff08\u8fd9\u9884\u8bbe\u4e86\u5bf9\u8c61\u7684\u5b9e\u9645\u5728\u573a(actual presence)\uff09\u65f6\uff0c\u5b83\u4eec\u5c31\u662f\u7ecf\u9a8c\u7684\uff1b\u5f53\u8868\u8c61\u4e2d\u6ca1\u6709\u6df7\u5165\u4efb\u4f55\u611f\u89c9\u65f6\uff0c\u5b83\u4eec\u5c31\u662f\u7eaf\u7cb9\u7684\u3002\u6211\u4eec\u53ef\u4ee5\u79f0\u611f\u89c9\u4e3a\u611f\u6027\u8ba4\u77e5(sensuous cognition)\u7684\u8d28\u6599(matter)\u3002\u56e0\u6b64\uff0c\u7eaf\u7cb9\u76f4\u89c2\u4ec5\u5305\u542b\u67d0\u7269\u88ab\u76f4\u89c2\u7684\u5f62\u5f0f(form)\uff0c\u800c\u7eaf\u7cb9\u6982\u5ff5\u4ec5\u5305\u542b\u601d\u8003\u5bf9\u8c61\u7684\u5f62\u5f0f\u3002\u53ea\u6709\u7eaf\u7cb9\u76f4\u89c2\u548c\u7eaf\u7cb9\u6982\u5ff5\u624d\u53ef\u80fd\u662f\u5148\u5929\u7684(\u00e0 priori)\uff1b\u7ecf\u9a8c\u7684\u53ea\u80fd\u662f\u540e\u5929\u7684(\u00e0 posteriori)\u3002<\/p>\n
      \u6211\u4eec\u4f7f\u7528\u611f\u6027(sensibility)\u8fd9\u4e2a\u8bcd\u6765\u6307\u79f0\u5fc3\u667a\u5bf9\u5370\u8c61\u7684\u63a5\u53d7\u6027(receptivity)\uff0c\u53ea\u8981\u5b83\u4ee5\u67d0\u79cd\u65b9\u5f0f\u88ab\u89e6\u52a8(affected)\uff1b\u53e6\u4e00\u65b9\u9762\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u628a\u81ea\u53d1\u4ea7\u751f\u8868\u8c61\u7684\u5b98\u80fd\uff0c\u6216\u8ba4\u77e5\u7684\u81ea\u53d1\u6027(spontaneity of cognition)\uff0c\u79f0\u4e3a\u77e5\u6027(understanding)\u3002\u6211\u4eec\u7684\u672c\u6027\u5982\u6b64\u6784\u6210\uff0c\u4f7f\u5f97\u6211\u4eec\u7684\u76f4\u89c2\u6c38\u8fdc\u53ea\u80fd\u662f\u611f\u6027\u7684(sensuous)\uff0c\u4e5f\u5c31\u662f\u8bf4\uff0c\u5b83\u53ea\u5305\u542b\u6211\u4eec\u88ab\u5bf9\u8c61\u89e6\u52a8\u7684\u65b9\u5f0f(mode)\u3002\u53e6\u4e00\u65b9\u9762\uff0c\u601d\u8003\u611f\u6027\u76f4\u89c2\u5bf9\u8c61\u7684\u5b98\u80fd\u5c31\u662f\u77e5\u6027\u3002\u8fd9\u4e24\u79cd\u5b98\u80fd\u90fd\u4e0d\u4f18\u4e8e\u5bf9\u65b9\u3002\u6ca1\u6709\u611f\u6027\u5b98\u80fd\uff0c\u5bf9\u8c61\u5c31\u4e0d\u4f1a\u88ab\u7ed9\u4e88\u6211\u4eec\uff1b\u6ca1\u6709\u77e5\u6027\uff0c\u5bf9\u8c61\u5c31\u4e0d\u4f1a\u88ab\u601d\u8003\u3002\u65e0\u5185\u5bb9\u7684\u601d\u60f3\u662f\u7a7a\u6d1e\u7684(void)\uff1b\u65e0\u6982\u5ff5\u7684\u76f4\u89c2\u662f\u76f2\u76ee\u7684(blind)\u3002\u56e0\u6b64\uff0c\u5fc3\u667a\u4f7f\u5176\u6982\u5ff5\u611f\u6027\u5316\uff08\u5373\u5728\u76f4\u89c2\u4e2d\u4e0e\u5bf9\u8c61\u7ed3\u5408\uff09\u4e0e\u4f7f\u5176\u76f4\u89c2\u53ef\u7406\u89e3\u5316\uff08\u5373\u5c06\u5b83\u4eec\u7f6e\u4e8e\u6982\u5ff5\u4e4b\u4e0b\uff09\u540c\u6837\u5fc5\u8981\u3002\u8fd9\u4e24\u79cd\u5b98\u80fd\u90fd\u4e0d\u80fd\u4ea4\u6362\u5176\u56fa\u6709\u529f\u80fd(proper function)\u3002\u77e5\u6027\u4e0d\u80fd\u76f4\u89c2\uff0c\u611f\u6027\u5b98\u80fd\u4e0d\u80fd\u601d\u8003\u3002\u77e5\u8bc6\u53ea\u80fd\u4ece\u4e24\u8005\u7684\u7edf\u4e00\u8fd0\u4f5c(united operation)\u4e2d\u4ea7\u751f\u3002\u4f46\u662f\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u4e0d\u5e94\u56e0\u6b64\u5ffd\u89c6\u5404\u81ea\u6240\u8d21\u732e\u8981\u7d20\u7684\u5dee\u5f02\uff1b\u76f8\u53cd\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u6709\u5145\u5206\u7406\u7531\u4ed4\u7ec6\u5730\u533a\u5206\u5b83\u4eec\u3002\u56e0\u6b64\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u5c06\u611f\u6027\u6cd5\u5219\u7684\u79d1\u5b66\uff0c\u5373\u7f8e\u5b66(\u00e6sthetic)\uff0c\u4e0e\u77e5\u6027\u6cd5\u5219\u7684\u79d1\u5b66\uff0c\u5373\u903b\u8f91\u5b66(logic)\u533a\u5206\u5f00\u6765\u3002<\/p>\n
      \u73b0\u5728\uff0c\u903b\u8f91\u5b66\u672c\u8eab\u53ef\u4ee5\u88ab\u89c6\u4e3a\u4e24\u91cd\u7684(twofold)\u2014\u2014\u5373\u77e5\u6027\u7684\u4e00\u822c\u4f7f\u7528(general use)\u7684\u903b\u8f91\u5b66\uff0c\u6216\u7279\u6b8a\u4f7f\u7528(particular use)\u7684\u903b\u8f91\u5b66\u3002\u7b2c\u4e00\u79cd\u5305\u542b\u601d\u7ef4\u7edd\u5bf9\u5fc5\u8981\u7684\u6cd5\u5219\uff0c\u6ca1\u6709\u8fd9\u4e9b\u6cd5\u5219\uff0c\u77e5\u6027\u7684\u4efb\u4f55\u4f7f\u7528\u90fd\u662f\u4e0d\u53ef\u80fd\u7684\uff0c\u56e0\u6b64\u5b83\u7ed9\u4e88\u77e5\u6027\u4ee5\u6cd5\u5219\uff0c\u800c\u4e0d\u8003\u8651\u77e5\u6027\u53ef\u80fd\u5e94\u7528\u4e8e\u7684\u5bf9\u8c61\u7684\u5dee\u5f02\u3002\u77e5\u6027\u7279\u6b8a\u4f7f\u7528\u7684\u903b\u8f91\u5b66\u5305\u542b\u5bf9\u7279\u5b9a\u7c7b\u522b\u5bf9\u8c61\u8fdb\u884c\u6b63\u786e\u601d\u7ef4\u7684\u6cd5\u5219\u3002\u524d\u8005\u53ef\u4ee5\u88ab\u79f0\u4e3a\u57fa\u672c\u903b\u8f91\u5b66(elemental logic)\uff0c\u540e\u8005\u5219\u662f\u8fd9\u4e2a\u6216\u90a3\u4e2a\u7279\u5b9a\u79d1\u5b66\u7684\u5de5\u5177(organon)\u3002\u540e\u8005\u4e3b\u8981\u5728\u5b66\u6821\u4e2d\u4f5c\u4e3a\u79d1\u5b66\u7684\u9884\u5907\u5b66(prop\u00e6deutic)\u800c\u4f7f\u7528\uff0c\u7136\u800c\uff0c\u6309\u7167\u4eba\u7c7b\u7406\u6027\u7684\u8fdb\u7a0b(course of human reason)\uff0c\u8fd9\u5b9e\u9645\u4e0a\u662f\u6211\u4eec\u6700\u540e\u8fbe\u5230\u7684\u4e1c\u897f\uff0c\u662f\u5728\u79d1\u5b66\u5df2\u7ecf\u6210\u719f\uff0c\u53ea\u9700\u8981\u4e3a\u5176\u4fee\u6b63\u548c\u5b8c\u5584\u4f5c\u6700\u540e\u7684\u4fee\u9970\u65f6\u624d\u4f1a\u51fa\u73b0\uff1b\u56e0\u4e3a\u53ea\u6709\u5f53\u6211\u4eec\u5bf9\u6211\u4eec\u8bd5\u56fe\u7814\u7a76\u7684\u5bf9\u8c61\u6709\u76f8\u5f53\u5e7f\u6cdb\u548c\u5b8c\u6574\u7684\u8ba4\u8bc6\u65f6\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u624d\u80fd\u6307\u51fa\u7528\u4ee5\u5efa\u7acb\u8fd9\u4e9b\u5bf9\u8c61\u7684\u79d1\u5b66\u6240\u9700\u7684\u6cd5\u5219\u3002<\/p>\n
      \u666e\u904d\u903b\u8f91\u5b66(general logic)\u53c8\u53ef\u5206\u4e3a\u7eaf\u7cb9\u7684(pure)\u6216\u5e94\u7528\u7684(applied)\u3002\u5728\u524d\u8005\u4e2d\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u62bd\u8c61(abstract)\u51fa\u77e5\u6027\u8fd0\u4f5c\u65f6\u7684\u6240\u6709\u7ecf\u9a8c\u6761\u4ef6(empirical conditions)\uff1b\u4f8b\u5982\uff0c\u611f\u5b98\u7684\u5f71\u54cd\u3001\u60f3\u8c61\u529b\u7684\u6e38\u620f(play of fantasy)\u3001\u8bb0\u5fc6\u7684\u6cd5\u5219\u3001\u4e60\u60ef\u7684\u529b\u91cf\u3001\u503e\u5411\u7b49\uff0c\u56e0\u6b64\u4e5f\u5305\u62ec\u504f\u89c1\u7684\u6765\u6e90\u2014\u2014\u7b80\u8a00\u4e4b\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u62bd\u8c61\u51fa\u4e00\u5207\u5bfc\u81f4\u7279\u6b8a\u8ba4\u77e5\u4ea7\u751f\u7684\u539f\u56e0\uff0c\u56e0\u4e3a\u8fd9\u4e9b\u539f\u56e0\u6d89\u53ca\u77e5\u6027\u5728\u5176\u5e94\u7528\u7684\u7279\u5b9a\u73af\u5883\u4e0b\u7684\u60c5\u51b5\uff0c\u800c\u8981\u8ba4\u8bc6\u8fd9\u4e9b\uff0c\u5c31\u9700\u8981\u7ecf\u9a8c\u3002\u56e0\u6b64\uff0c\u7eaf\u7cb9\u666e\u904d\u903b\u8f91\u5b66\u4ec5\u4ec5\u5904\u7406\u7eaf\u7cb9\u5148\u5929\u539f\u7406(pure \u00e0 priori principles)\uff0c\u662f\u77e5\u6027\u548c\u7406\u6027\u7684\u51c6\u5219(canon)\uff0c\u4f46\u4ec5\u5c31\u5176\u4f7f\u7528\u7684\u5f62\u5f0f\u90e8\u5206\u800c\u8a00\uff0c\u65e0\u8bba\u5176\u5185\u5bb9\u662f\u7ecf\u9a8c\u7684\u8fd8\u662f\u5148\u9a8c\u7684(transcendental)\u3002\u5f53\u666e\u904d\u903b\u8f91\u5b66\u6307\u5411\u77e5\u6027\u4f7f\u7528\u7684\u6cd5\u5219\uff0c\u8fd9\u79cd\u4f7f\u7528\u662f\u5728\u5fc3\u7406\u5b66\u6559\u5bfc\u6211\u4eec\u7684\u4e3b\u89c2\u7ecf\u9a8c\u6761\u4ef6(subjective empirical conditions)\u4e4b\u4e0b\u65f6\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u79f0\u4e4b\u4e3a\u5e94\u7528\u903b\u8f91\u5b66\u3002\u56e0\u6b64\u5b83\u5177\u6709\u7ecf\u9a8c\u539f\u7406(empirical principles)\uff0c\u5c3d\u7ba1\u540c\u65f6\u5b83\u5728\u67d0\u79cd\u7a0b\u5ea6\u4e0a\u662f\u666e\u904d\u7684\uff0c\u56e0\u4e3a\u5b83\u9002\u7528\u4e8e\u77e5\u6027\u7684\u8fd0\u4f5c\uff0c\u800c\u4e0d\u8003\u8651\u5bf9\u8c61\u7684\u5dee\u5f02\u3002\u56e0\u6b64\uff0c\u5b83\u65e2\u4e0d\u662f\u77e5\u6027\u4e00\u822c\u7684\u51c6\u5219(canon)\uff0c\u4e5f\u4e0d\u662f\u7279\u5b9a\u79d1\u5b66\u7684\u5de5\u5177(organon)\uff0c\u800c\u4ec5\u4ec5\u662f\u4eba\u7c7b\u77e5\u6027\u7684\u51c0\u5316\u5242(cathartic)\u3002<\/p>\n
      \u56e0\u6b64\u5728\u666e\u904d\u903b\u8f91\u5b66\u4e2d\uff0c\u6784\u6210\u7eaf\u7cb9\u903b\u8f91\u5b66(pure logic)\u7684\u90e8\u5206\u5fc5\u987b\u4e0e\u6784\u6210\u5e94\u7528\u903b\u8f91\u5b66(applied logic)\uff08\u5c3d\u7ba1\u4ecd\u662f\u666e\u904d\u7684\uff09\u7684\u90e8\u5206\u4ed4\u7ec6\u533a\u5206\u5f00\u6765\u3002\u53ea\u6709\u524d\u8005\u624d\u662f\u771f\u6b63\u7684\u79d1\u5b66(science)\uff0c\u867d\u7136\u7b80\u77ed\u800c\u67af\u71e5\uff0c\u4f46\u8fd9\u6b63\u662f\u77e5\u6027\u57fa\u672c\u5b66\u8bf4\u7684\u65b9\u6cd5\u8bba\u9610\u8ff0(methodical exposition)\u6240\u5e94\u6709\u7684\u6837\u5b50\u3002\u56e0\u6b64\uff0c\u903b\u8f91\u5b66\u5bb6\u5fc5\u987b\u59cb\u7ec8\u7262\u8bb0\u4e24\u6761\u89c4\u5219\uff1a<\/p>\n
      \n
    1. \n
      \u4f5c\u4e3a\u666e\u904d\u903b\u8f91\u5b66(general logic)\uff0c\u5b83\u8981\u62bd\u8c61(makes abstraction)\u51fa\u77e5\u6027\u8ba4\u77e5\u7684\u6240\u6709\u5185\u5bb9\u4ee5\u53ca\u5bf9\u8c61\u7684\u5dee\u5f02\uff0c\u53ea\u5173\u6ce8\u601d\u7ef4\u7684\u7eaf\u7cb9\u5f62\u5f0f(mere form of thought)\u3002<\/p>\n<\/li>\n
    2. \n
      \u4f5c\u4e3a\u7eaf\u7cb9\u903b\u8f91\u5b66(pure logic)\uff0c\u5b83\u6ca1\u6709\u7ecf\u9a8c\u539f\u7406(empirical principles)\uff0c\u56e0\u6b64\u4e0d\u4ece\u5fc3\u7406\u5b66\u4e2d\u83b7\u53d6\u4efb\u4f55\u4e1c\u897f\uff08\u4e0e\u666e\u904d\u89c2\u70b9\u76f8\u53cd\uff09\uff0c\u6240\u4ee5\u5fc3\u7406\u5b66\u5bf9\u77e5\u6027\u7684\u51c6\u5219(canon)\u6ca1\u6709\u5f71\u54cd\u3002\u5b83\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u5df2\u88ab\u8bba\u8bc1\u7684\u5b66\u8bf4(demonstrated doctrine)\uff0c\u5176\u4e2d\u7684\u4e00\u5207\u90fd\u5fc5\u987b\u5b8c\u5168\u662f\u5148\u5929\u786e\u5b9a\u7684(certain completely \u00e0 priori)\u3002<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n
        \u6211\u6240\u8bf4\u7684\u5e94\u7528\u903b\u8f91\u5b66\uff08\u4e0e\u8fd9\u4e2a\u672f\u8bed\u7684\u901a\u5e38\u7406\u89e3\u76f8\u53cd\uff0c\u6309\u7167\u901a\u5e38\u7406\u89e3\uff0c\u5b83\u5e94\u8be5\u5305\u542b\u4e3a\u5b66\u8005\u63d0\u4f9b\u7684\u67d0\u4e9b\u7ec3\u4e60\uff0c\u800c\u7eaf\u7cb9\u903b\u8f91\u5b66\u4e3a\u8fd9\u4e9b\u7ec3\u4e60\u63d0\u4f9b\u89c4\u5219\uff09\uff0c\u662f\u5bf9\u77e5\u6027\u53ca\u5176\u5fc5\u8981\u8fd0\u7528\u89c4\u5219\u5728\u5177\u4f53\u60c5\u51b5\u4e0b(in concreto)\u7684\u8868\u8ff0\uff0c\u4e5f\u5c31\u662f\u8bf4\uff0c\u5728\u4e3b\u4f53\u7684\u5076\u7136\u6761\u4ef6(accidental conditions)\u4e0b\u7684\u8868\u8ff0\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e9b\u6761\u4ef6\u53ef\u80fd\u963b\u788d\u6216\u4fc3\u8fdb\u8fd9\u79cd\u8fd0\u7528\uff0c\u800c\u4e14\u8fd9\u4e9b\u6761\u4ef6\u90fd\u53ea\u80fd\u7ecf\u9a8c\u5730\u7ed9\u51fa\u3002\u56e0\u6b64\uff0c\u5e94\u7528\u903b\u8f91\u5b66\u5904\u7406\u6ce8\u610f\u529b\u3001\u5176\u969c\u788d\u548c\u540e\u679c\u3001\u9519\u8bef\u7684\u8d77\u6e90\u3001\u6000\u7591\u72b6\u6001(state of doubt)\u3001\u72b9\u8c6b(hesitation)\u3001\u786e\u4fe1(conviction)\u7b49\u95ee\u9898\uff0c\u5b83\u4e0e\u7eaf\u7cb9\u666e\u904d\u903b\u8f91\u5b66\u7684\u5173\u7cfb\uff0c\u5c31\u50cf\u7eaf\u7cb9\u9053\u5fb7(pure morality)\uff08\u5b83\u53ea\u5305\u542b\u81ea\u7531\u610f\u5fd7\u7684\u5fc5\u8981\u9053\u5fb7\u6cd5\u5219\uff09\u4e0e\u5b9e\u8df5\u4f26\u7406\u5b66(practical ethics)\u7684\u5173\u7cfb\u4e00\u6837\uff0c\u540e\u8005\u5728\u4eba\u4eec\u6216\u591a\u6216\u5c11\u53d7\u5236\u4e8e\u7684\u6240\u6709\u60c5\u611f(feelings)\u3001\u503e\u5411(inclinations)\u548c\u6fc0\u60c5(passions)\u7684\u963b\u788d\u4e0b\u8003\u5bdf\u8fd9\u4e9b\u6cd5\u5219\uff0c\u800c\u8fd9\u6c38\u8fdc\u4e0d\u80fd\u4e3a\u6211\u4eec\u63d0\u4f9b\u4e00\u4e2a\u771f\u6b63\u7684\u3001\u53ef\u8bba\u8bc1\u7684\u79d1\u5b66\uff0c\u56e0\u4e3a\u5b83\u4e0e\u5e94\u7528\u903b\u8f91\u5b66\u4e00\u6837\uff0c\u9700\u8981\u7ecf\u9a8c\u7684\u548c\u5fc3\u7406\u5b66\u7684\u539f\u7406(empirical and psychological principles)\u3002<\/p>\n
      \u4e8c\u3001\u8bba\u5148\u9a8c\u903b\u8f91\u5b66<\/h2>\n
      Of Transcendental Logic.<\/strong><\/p>\n
      2.1 \u8981\u70b9<\/h3>\n
        \n
      1. \u8fd9\u662f\u5173\u4e8e\u5148\u9a8c\u903b\u8f91\u5b66\u7684\u4ecb\u7ecd\u90e8\u5206<\/li>\n
      2. \u533a\u5206\u4e86\u666e\u904d\u903b\u8f91\u5b66\u548c\u5148\u9a8c\u903b\u8f91\u5b66\u7684\u4e0d\u540c<\/li>\n
      3. \u89e3\u91ca\u4e86"\u5148\u9a8c\u7684"(transcendental)\u6982\u5ff5<\/li>\n
      4. \u5f15\u5165\u4e86\u7eaf\u7cb9\u77e5\u6027\u548c\u7406\u6027\u8ba4\u77e5\u7684\u79d1\u5b66\u6982\u5ff5<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n
        2.2 \u8bd1\u6587<\/h3>\n
          \u5982\u6211\u4eec\u6240\u89c1\uff0c\u666e\u904d\u903b\u8f91\u5b66\u62bd\u8c61(makes abstraction)\u51fa\u8ba4\u77e5\u7684\u6240\u6709\u5185\u5bb9\uff0c\u5373\u8ba4\u77e5\u4e0e\u5176\u5bf9\u8c61\u7684\u6240\u6709\u5173\u7cfb\uff0c\u53ea\u5173\u6ce8\u8ba4\u77e5\u76f8\u4e92\u4e4b\u95f4\u7684\u903b\u8f91\u5f62\u5f0f(logical form)\uff0c\u4e5f\u5c31\u662f\u4e00\u822c\u601d\u7ef4\u7684\u5f62\u5f0f\u3002\u4f46\u6b63\u5982\u6211\u4eec\u65e2\u6709\u7eaf\u7cb9\u76f4\u89c2\u53c8\u6709\u7ecf\u9a8c\u76f4\u89c2\uff08\u5982\u5148\u9a8c\u611f\u6027\u8bba\u6240\u8bc1\u660e\u7684\uff09\uff0c\u540c\u6837\u5730\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u4e5f\u53ef\u4ee5\u5728\uff08\u5bf9\u8c61\u7684\uff09\u7eaf\u7cb9\u601d\u7ef4\u548c\u7ecf\u9a8c\u601d\u7ef4\u4e4b\u95f4\u505a\u51fa\u533a\u5206\u3002\u5728\u8fd9\u79cd\u60c5\u51b5\u4e0b\uff0c\u5c31\u4f1a\u5b58\u5728\u4e00\u79cd\u903b\u8f91\u5b66\uff0c\u5728\u5176\u4e2d\u6211\u4eec\u4e0d\u4f1a\u62bd\u8c61\u51fa\u8ba4\u77e5\u7684\u6240\u6709\u5185\u5bb9\uff1b\u56e0\u4e3a\u4e00\u79cd\u4ec5\u5305\u542b\u7eaf\u7cb9\u601d\u7ef4\uff08\u5173\u4e8e\u5bf9\u8c61\u7684\uff09\u6cd5\u5219\u7684\u903b\u8f91\u5b66\uff0c\u5f53\u7136\u4f1a\u6392\u9664\u6240\u6709\u5177\u6709\u7ecf\u9a8c\u5185\u5bb9\u7684\u8ba4\u77e5\u3002\u8fd9\u79cd\u903b\u8f91\u5b66\u8fd8\u4f1a\u8003\u5bdf\u6211\u4eec\u5bf9\u5bf9\u8c61\u7684\u8ba4\u77e5\u7684\u8d77\u6e90(origin)\uff0c\u53ea\u8981\u8fd9\u79cd\u8d77\u6e90\u4e0d\u80fd\u5f52\u56e0\u4e8e\u5bf9\u8c61\u672c\u8eab\uff1b\u800c\u76f8\u53cd\uff0c\u666e\u904d\u903b\u8f91\u5b66\u4e0e\u6211\u4eec\u8ba4\u77e5\u7684\u8d77\u6e90\u65e0\u5173\uff0c\u5b83\u8003\u5bdf\u6211\u4eec\u7684\u8868\u8c61(representations)\uff0c\u65e0\u8bba\u8fd9\u4e9b\u8868\u8c61\u662f\u539f\u521d\u5730\u5728\u6211\u4eec\u81ea\u8eab\u4e2d\u5148\u5929\u7ed9\u4e88\u7684\uff0c\u8fd8\u662f\u4ec5\u5177\u6709\u7ecf\u9a8c\u8d77\u6e90\u7684\uff0c\u90fd\u4ec5\u4ec5\u4f9d\u636e\u77e5\u6027\u5728\u601d\u7ef4\u8fc7\u7a0b\u4e2d\u4f7f\u7528\u5b83\u4eec\u65f6\u5f7c\u6b64\u5173\u8054\u6240\u9075\u5faa\u7684\u6cd5\u5219\u3002\u56e0\u6b64\uff0c\u666e\u904d\u903b\u8f91\u5b66\u53ea\u5904\u7406\u77e5\u6027\u7684\u5f62\u5f0f\uff0c\u8fd9\u79cd\u5f62\u5f0f\u53ef\u4ee5\u5e94\u7528\u4e8e\u8868\u8c61\uff0c\u65e0\u8bba\u8fd9\u4e9b\u8868\u8c61\u6765\u6e90\u4e8e\u4f55\u5904\u3002<\/p>\n
          \u5728\u6b64\uff0c\u6211\u8981\u505a\u4e00\u4e2a\u8bfb\u8005\u5728\u63a5\u4e0b\u6765\u7684\u601d\u8003\u8fc7\u7a0b\u4e2d\u5fc5\u987b\u7262\u8bb0\u7684\u8bf4\u660e\uff0c\u5373\u5e76\u975e\u6bcf\u4e2a\u5148\u5929\u8ba4\u77e5(cognition \u00e0 priori)\u90fd\u662f\u5148\u9a8c\u7684\uff0c\u800c\u53ea\u6709\u90a3\u4e9b\u901a\u8fc7\u5b83\u4eec\u6211\u4eec\u8ba4\u8bc6\u5230\u67d0\u4e9b\u8868\u8c61\uff08\u76f4\u89c2\u6216\u6982\u5ff5\uff09\u5982\u4f55\u624d\u80fd\u88ab\u5e94\u7528\u6216\u4ec5\u80fd\u5148\u5929\u8fd0\u7528\u7684\u8ba4\u77e5\u624d\u662f\u5148\u9a8c\u7684\uff1b\u6362\u53e5\u8bdd\u8bf4\uff0c\u8ba4\u77e5\u7684\u5148\u5929\u53ef\u80fd\u6027\u548c\u5b83\u7684\u5148\u5929\u4f7f\u7528\u662f\u5148\u9a8c\u7684(transcendental)\u3002\u56e0\u6b64\uff0c\u7a7a\u95f4\u6216\u4efb\u4f55\u7a7a\u95f4\u7684\u5148\u5929\u51e0\u4f55\u89c4\u5b9a\u90fd\u4e0d\u662f\u5148\u9a8c\u8868\u8c61\uff0c\u800c\u53ea\u6709\u5bf9\u8fd9\u6837\u7684\u8868\u8c61\u4e0d\u662f\u7ecf\u9a8c\u8d77\u6e90\u7684\u8ba4\u8bc6\uff0c\u4ee5\u53ca\u5b83\u867d\u7136\u672c\u8eab\u662f\u5148\u5929\u7684\u4f46\u80fd\u591f\u5173\u8054\u5230\u7ecf\u9a8c\u5bf9\u8c61\u7684\u53ef\u80fd\u6027\uff0c\u624d\u80fd\u88ab\u79f0\u4e3a\u5148\u9a8c\u7684\u3002\u540c\u6837\uff0c\u7a7a\u95f4\u5bf9\u4e00\u822c\u5bf9\u8c61\u7684\u5e94\u7528\u5c06\u662f\u5148\u9a8c\u7684\uff1b\u4f46\u5982\u679c\u5b83\u4ec5\u9650\u4e8e\u611f\u6027\u5bf9\u8c61\uff0c\u90a3\u5c31\u662f\u7ecf\u9a8c\u7684\u3002\u56e0\u6b64\uff0c\u5148\u9a8c\u7684\u548c\u7ecf\u9a8c\u7684\u533a\u5206\u4ec5\u5c5e\u4e8e\u5bf9\u8ba4\u77e5\u7684\u6279\u5224\uff0c\u800c\u4e0e\u8fd9\u4e9b\u8ba4\u77e5\u5bf9\u5176\u5bf9\u8c61\u7684\u5173\u7cfb\u65e0\u5173\u3002<\/p>\n
          \u76f8\u5e94\u5730\uff0c\u671f\u671b\u53ef\u80fd\u5b58\u5728\u4e00\u4e9b\u5148\u5929\u5730\u5173\u8054\u5230\u5bf9\u8c61\u7684\u6982\u5ff5\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e9b\u6982\u5ff5\u4e0d\u662f\u4f5c\u4e3a\u7eaf\u7cb9\u7684\u6216\u611f\u6027\u7684\u76f4\u89c2\uff0c\u800c\u4ec5\u4ec5\u662f\u4f5c\u4e3a\u7eaf\u7cb9\u601d\u7ef4\u7684\u6d3b\u52a8\uff08\u56e0\u6b64\u5b83\u4eec\u662f\u6982\u5ff5\uff0c\u4f46\u65e2\u975e\u7ecf\u9a8c\u8d77\u6e90\u4e5f\u975e\u7f8e\u5b66\u8d77\u6e90\uff09\u2014\u2014\u57fa\u4e8e\u8fd9\u79cd\u671f\u671b\uff0c\u6211\u8bf4\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u9884\u5148\u5f62\u6210\u4e86\u4e00\u79cd\u7eaf\u7cb9\u77e5\u6027\u548c\u7406\u6027\u8ba4\u77e5\u7684\u79d1\u5b66\u7684\u7406\u5ff5\uff0c\u901a\u8fc7\u8fd9\u79cd\u79d1\u5b66\u6211\u4eec\u53ef\u4ee5\u5b8c\u5168\u5148\u5929\u5730\u601d\u8003\u5bf9\u8c61\u3002\u8fd9\u6837\u4e00\u79cd\u79d1\u5b66\uff0c\u5b83\u5e94\u5f53\u786e\u5b9a\u8fd9\u7c7b\u8ba4\u77e5\u7684\u8d77\u6e90\u3001\u8303\u56f4\u548c\u5ba2\u89c2\u6709\u6548\u6027\uff0c\u5fc5\u987b\u88ab\u79f0\u4e3a\u5148\u9a8c\u903b\u8f91\u5b66(transcendental logic)\uff0c\u56e0\u4e3a\u5b83\u4e0e\u666e\u904d\u903b\u8f91\u5b66\u4e0d\u540c\uff0c\u4e0d\u662f\u5904\u7406\u77e5\u6027\u548c\u7406\u6027\u7684\u6cd5\u5219\u4e0e\u7ecf\u9a8c\u7684\u4ee5\u53ca\u7eaf\u7cb9\u7406\u6027\u8ba4\u77e5\u7684\u5173\u7cfb\u800c\u4e0d\u52a0\u533a\u5206\uff0c\u800c\u662f\u4ec5\u4ec5\u5173\u6ce8\u8fd9\u4e9b\u5728\u4e0e\u5bf9\u8c61\u7684\u5148\u5929\u5173\u7cfb\u4e2d\u7684\u60c5\u51b5\u3002<\/p>\n
        \u4e09\u3001\u8bba\u666e\u904d\u903b\u8f91\u5b66\u5206\u4e3a\u5206\u6790\u8bba\u548c\u8fa9\u8bc1\u8bba<\/h2>\n
        Of the Division of General Logic into Analytic and Dialectic.<\/strong><\/p>\n
        3.1 \u8981\u70b9<\/h3>\n
          \n
        1. \u8ba8\u8bba\u666e\u904d\u903b\u8f91\u5b66\u5206\u4e3a\u5206\u6790\u8bba\u548c\u8fa9\u8bc1\u8bba<\/li>\n
        2. \u63a2\u8ba8"\u4ec0\u4e48\u662f\u771f\u7406"\u8fd9\u4e2a\u53e4\u8001\u95ee\u9898<\/li>\n
        3. \u5206\u6790\u771f\u7406\u7684\u666e\u904d\u6807\u51c6\u95ee\u9898<\/li>\n
        4. \u89e3\u91ca\u903b\u8f91\u771f\u7406\u4e0e\u5ba2\u89c2\u771f\u7406\u7684\u533a\u522b<\/li>\n
        5. \u9610\u8ff0\u666e\u904d\u903b\u8f91\u4f5c\u4e3a\u8fa9\u8bc1\u8bba\u65f6\u7684\u95ee\u9898<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n
          3.2 \u8bd1\u6587<\/h3>\n
            \u4eba\u4eec\u8bd5\u56fe\u628a\u903b\u8f91\u5b66\u5bb6\u903c\u5165\u56f0\u5883\u7684\u90a3\u4e2a\u53e4\u8001\u95ee\u9898\u662f\uff1a"\u4ec0\u4e48\u662f\u771f\u7406\uff1f"\u8fd9\u4e2a\u95ee\u9898\u9884\u8bbe\u4e86"\u771f\u7406"\u4e00\u8bcd\u7684\u5b9a\u4e49\uff0c\u5373"\u8ba4\u77e5\u4e0e\u5176\u5bf9\u8c61\u7684\u7b26\u5408(accordance)"\uff1b\u4f46\u5728\u56de\u7b54\u4e2d\uff0c\u4eba\u4eec\u60f3\u8981\u77e5\u9053\u7684\u662f\uff0c\u6bcf\u4e2a\u8ba4\u77e5\u7684\u771f\u7406\u6027\u7684\u666e\u904d\u4e14\u53ef\u9760\u7684\u6807\u51c6(criterion)\u662f\u4ec0\u4e48\u3002<\/p>\n
            \u77e5\u9053\u4ec0\u4e48\u6837\u7684\u95ee\u9898\u662f\u6211\u4eec\u53ef\u4ee5\u5408\u7406\u63d0\u51fa\u7684\uff0c\u672c\u8eab\u5c31\u662f\u660e\u667a\u548c\u667a\u6167\u7684\u6709\u529b\u8bc1\u636e\u3002\u56e0\u4e3a\u5982\u679c\u4e00\u4e2a\u95ee\u9898\u672c\u8eab\u5c31\u662f\u8352\u8c2c\u7684\uff0c\u4e0d\u53ef\u80fd\u5f97\u5230\u7406\u6027\u7684\u56de\u7b54\uff0c\u90a3\u4e48\u5b83\u5c31\u4f1a\u5e26\u6765\u5371\u9669\u2014\u2014\u66f4\u4e0d\u7528\u8bf4\u63d0\u51fa\u8fd9\u79cd\u95ee\u9898\u7684\u4eba\u8981\u8499\u53d7\u803b\u8fb1\u2014\u2014\u5373\u8bf1\u4f7f\u4e0d\u8c28\u614e\u7684\u542c\u4f17\u505a\u51fa\u8352\u8c2c\u7684\u56de\u7b54\uff0c\u4e8e\u662f\u6211\u4eec\u5c31\u4f1a\u770b\u5230\u4e00\u4e2a\u53ef\u7b11\u7684\u666f\u8c61\uff1a\u4e00\u4e2a\u4eba\uff08\u5982\u53e4\u4eba\u6240\u8bf4\uff09"\u5728\u6324\u516c\u5c71\u7f8a\u7684\u5976\uff0c\u53e6\u4e00\u4e2a\u4eba\u5728\u4e0b\u9762\u7528\u7b5b\u5b50\u63a5"\u3002<\/p>\n
            \u5982\u679c\u771f\u7406\u5728\u4e8e\u8ba4\u77e5\u4e0e\u5176\u5bf9\u8c61\u7684\u7b26\u5408\uff0c\u90a3\u4e48\u8fd9\u4e2a\u5bf9\u8c61\u5fc5\u987b\u4e8b\u5b9e\u4e0a(ipso facto)\u4e0e\u6240\u6709\u5176\u4ed6\u5bf9\u8c61\u533a\u5206\u5f00\u6765\uff1b\u56e0\u4e3a\u5982\u679c\u4e00\u4e2a\u8ba4\u77e5\u4e0e\u5b83\u6240\u5173\u8054\u7684\u5bf9\u8c61\u4e0d\u76f8\u7b26\u5408\uff0c\u90a3\u4e48\u5b83\u5c31\u662f\u9519\u8bef\u7684\uff0c\u5c3d\u7ba1\u5b83\u53ef\u80fd\u5305\u542b\u4e00\u4e9b\u53ef\u4ee5\u7528\u4e8e\u5176\u4ed6\u5bf9\u8c61\u7684\u5185\u5bb9\u3002\u73b0\u5728\uff0c\u771f\u7406\u7684\u666e\u904d\u6807\u51c6\u5e94\u8be5\u662f\u5bf9\u6240\u6709\u8ba4\u77e5\u90fd\u6709\u6548\u7684\uff0c\u800c\u4e0d\u7528\u533a\u5206\u5b83\u4eec\u7684\u5bf9\u8c61\u3002\u4f46\u663e\u7136\uff0c\u5728\u8fd9\u6837\u7684\u6807\u51c6\u4e2d\uff0c\u5f53\u6211\u4eec\u62bd\u8c61\u51fa\u8ba4\u77e5\u7684\u6240\u6709\u5185\u5bb9\uff08\u5373\u4e0e\u5176\u5bf9\u8c61\u7684\u6240\u6709\u5173\u7cfb\uff09\u65f6\uff0c\u800c\u771f\u7406\u6070\u6070\u5173\u7cfb\u5230\u8fd9\u4e2a\u5185\u5bb9\uff0c\u90a3\u4e48\u8be2\u95ee\u8fd9\u79cd\u8ba4\u77e5\u5185\u5bb9\u7684\u771f\u7406\u6807\u8bb0\u5c31\u5b8c\u5168\u662f\u8352\u8c2c\u7684\uff1b\u56e0\u6b64\uff0c\u4e00\u4e2a\u5145\u5206\u7684\u4e14\u540c\u65f6\u5177\u6709\u666e\u904d\u6027\u7684\u771f\u7406\u68c0\u9a8c\u662f\u4e0d\u53ef\u80fd\u627e\u5230\u7684\u3002\u65e2\u7136\u6211\u4eec\u5df2\u7ecf\u628a\u8ba4\u77e5\u7684\u5185\u5bb9\u79f0\u4e3a\u5176\u8d28\u6599(matter)\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u5c31\u53ef\u4ee5\u8bf4\uff1a"\u5bf9\u4e8e\u6211\u4eec\u8ba4\u77e5\u5728\u5176\u8d28\u6599\u65b9\u9762\u7684\u771f\u7406\u6027\uff0c\u4e0d\u80fd\u8981\u6c42\u666e\u904d\u7684\u68c0\u9a8c\uff0c\u56e0\u4e3a\u8fd9\u79cd\u8981\u6c42\u662f\u81ea\u76f8\u77db\u76fe\u7684\u3002"<\/p>\n
            \u53e6\u4e00\u65b9\u9762\uff0c\u5c31\u6211\u4eec\u8ba4\u77e5\u7684\u7eaf\u7cb9\u5f62\u5f0f(mere form)\u800c\u8a00\uff08\u6392\u9664\u6240\u6709\u5185\u5bb9\uff09\uff0c\u540c\u6837\u660e\u663e\u7684\u662f\uff0c\u903b\u8f91\u5b66\u5728\u5c55\u793a\u77e5\u6027\u7684\u666e\u904d\u548c\u5fc5\u7136\u6cd5\u5219\u65f6\uff0c\u5fc5\u987b\u5728\u8fd9\u4e9b\u6cd5\u5219\u672c\u8eab\u4e2d\u4e3a\u6211\u4eec\u63d0\u4f9b\u771f\u7406\u7684\u6807\u51c6\u3002\u4efb\u4f55\u4e0e\u8fd9\u4e9b\u89c4\u5219\u76f8\u77db\u76fe\u7684\u90fd\u662f\u9519\u8bef\u7684\uff0c\u56e0\u4e3a\u8fd9\u6837\u4f1a\u4f7f\u77e5\u6027\u4e0e\u5176\u81ea\u8eab\u601d\u7ef4\u7684\u666e\u904d\u6cd5\u5219\u76f8\u77db\u76fe\uff0c\u5373\u4e0e\u81ea\u8eab\u76f8\u77db\u76fe\u3002\u7136\u800c\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e9b\u6807\u51c6\u4ec5\u9002\u7528\u4e8e\u771f\u7406\u7684\u5f62\u5f0f\uff0c\u5373\u4e00\u822c\u601d\u7ef4\u7684\u5f62\u5f0f\uff0c\u5c31\u6b64\u800c\u8a00\u5b83\u4eec\u662f\u5b8c\u5168\u51c6\u786e\u7684\uff0c\u4f46\u8fd8\u4e0d\u591f\u5145\u5206\u3002\u56e0\u4e3a\u5c3d\u7ba1\u4e00\u4e2a\u8ba4\u77e5\u5728\u903b\u8f91\u5f62\u5f0f\u4e0a\u53ef\u80fd\u5b8c\u5168\u51c6\u786e\uff0c\u5373\u4e0d\u81ea\u76f8\u77db\u76fe\uff0c\u4f46\u5b83\u4ecd\u7136\u53ef\u80fd\u4e0e\u5176\u5bf9\u8c61\u4e0d\u76f8\u7b26\u5408\u3002\u56e0\u6b64\uff0c\u771f\u7406\u7684\u7eaf\u7cb9\u903b\u8f91\u6807\u51c6\uff0c\u5373\u8ba4\u77e5\u4e0e\u77e5\u6027\u548c\u7406\u6027\u7684\u666e\u904d\u5f62\u5f0f\u6cd5\u5219\u7684\u7b26\u5408\uff0c\u4e0d\u8fc7\u662f\u6240\u6709\u771f\u7406\u7684\u5fc5\u8981\u6761\u4ef6(conditio sine qua non)\u6216\u6d88\u6781\u6761\u4ef6\u3002\u903b\u8f91\u5b66\u4e0d\u80fd\u8d85\u8d8a\u8fd9\u4e00\u70b9\uff0c\u800c\u5bf9\u4e8e\u4e0d\u4f9d\u8d56\u4e8e\u5f62\u5f0f\u800c\u4f9d\u8d56\u4e8e\u5185\u5bb9\u7684\u9519\u8bef\uff0c\u5b83\u6ca1\u6709\u68c0\u9a8c\u7684\u65b9\u6cd5\u3002<\/p>\n
            \u56e0\u6b64\uff0c\u666e\u904d\u903b\u8f91\u5b66\u5c06\u77e5\u6027\u548c\u7406\u6027\u7684\u6240\u6709\u5f62\u5f0f\u6d3b\u52a8\u5206\u89e3\u4e3a\u5176\u8981\u7d20\uff0c\u5e76\u5c06\u5b83\u4eec\u5c55\u793a\u4e3a\u6211\u4eec\u6240\u6709\u903b\u8f91\u5224\u65ad\u8ba4\u77e5\u7684\u539f\u5219\u3002\u903b\u8f91\u5b66\u7684\u8fd9\u4e2a\u90e8\u5206\u53ef\u4ee5\u79f0\u4e3a\u5206\u6790\u8bba(analytic)\uff0c\u5b83\u81f3\u5c11\u662f\u771f\u7406\u7684\u6d88\u6781\u68c0\u9a8c\uff0c\u56e0\u4e3a\u6240\u6709\u8ba4\u77e5\u5728\u6211\u4eec\u8fdb\u4e00\u6b65\u8003\u5bdf\u5176\u5185\u5bb9\u4e4b\u524d\uff0c\u5fc5\u987b\u9996\u5148\u6839\u636e\u8fd9\u4e9b\u6cd5\u5219\u6765\u8bc4\u4f30\u548c\u68c0\u9a8c\uff0c\u4ee5\u53d1\u73b0\u5b83\u4eec\u662f\u5426\u5305\u542b\u5173\u4e8e\u5176\u5bf9\u8c61\u7684\u79ef\u6781\u771f\u7406\u3002\u7136\u800c\uff0c\u7531\u4e8e\u8ba4\u77e5\u7684\u7eaf\u7cb9\u5f62\u5f0f\uff0c\u65e0\u8bba\u5b83\u591a\u4e48\u7b26\u5408\u903b\u8f91\u6cd5\u5219\uff0c\u90fd\u4e0d\u8db3\u4ee5\u4e3a\u6211\u4eec\u63d0\u4f9b\u6750\u6599\uff08\u5ba2\u89c2\u7684\uff09\u771f\u7406\uff0c\u56e0\u6b64\u6ca1\u6709\u4eba\u4ec5\u51ed\u903b\u8f91\u5c31\u80fd\u5bf9\u5bf9\u8c61\u505a\u51fa\u9884\u6d4b\u6216\u51b3\u5b9a\uff0c\u9664\u975e\u4ed6\u5df2\u7ecf\u72ec\u7acb\u4e8e\u903b\u8f91\u4e4b\u5916\u83b7\u5f97\u4e86\u5173\u4e8e\u5b83\u4eec\u7684\u6709\u6839\u636e\u7684\u4fe1\u606f\uff0c\u4ee5\u4fbf\u4e4b\u540e\u6839\u636e\u903b\u8f91\u6cd5\u5219\u68c0\u9a8c\u8fd9\u4e9b\u4fe1\u606f\u7684\u4f7f\u7528\u548c\u5728\u6574\u4f53\u4e2d\u7684\u8fde\u63a5\uff0c\u6216\u8005\u66f4\u597d\u7684\u662f\uff0c\u4ec5\u4ec5\u7528\u5b83\u4eec\u6765\u68c0\u9a8c\u3002\u5c3d\u7ba1\u5982\u6b64\uff0c\u62e5\u6709\u8fd9\u6837\u4e00\u79cd\u8c8c\u4f3c\u7684\u6280\u827a\u2014\u2014\u4e00\u79cd\u7ed9\u4e88\u6211\u4eec\u6240\u6709\u8ba4\u77e5\u4ee5\u77e5\u6027\u5f62\u5f0f\u7684\u6280\u827a\uff0c\u5c3d\u7ba1\u5728\u5185\u5bb9\u65b9\u9762\u6211\u4eec\u53ef\u80fd\u4e25\u91cd\u7f3a\u4e4f\u2014\u2014\u5177\u6709\u5982\u6b64\u8bf1\u4eba\u7684\u9b45\u529b\uff0c\u4ee5\u81f3\u4e8e\u666e\u904d\u903b\u8f91\u5b66\uff0c\u672c\u6765\u53ea\u662f\u5224\u65ad\u7684\u51c6\u5219(canon)\uff0c\u5374\u88ab\u7528\u4f5c\u5b9e\u9645\u4ea7\u751f\u6216\u8005\u8bf4\u8868\u9762\u4ea7\u751f\u5ba2\u89c2\u65ad\u8a00\u7684\u5de5\u5177(organon)\uff0c\u4ece\u800c\u88ab\u4e25\u91cd\u6ee5\u7528\u3002\u73b0\u5728\uff0c\u666e\u904d\u903b\u8f91\u5b66\u5728\u5176\u5047\u5b9a\u7684\u5de5\u5177\u6027\u8d28\u4e0a\uff0c\u88ab\u79f0\u4e3a\u8fa9\u8bc1\u8bba(dialectic)\u3002<\/p>\n
            \u5c3d\u7ba1\u53e4\u4eba\u7528\u8fd9\u4e2a\u672f\u8bed\u6765\u6307\u4ee3\u79d1\u5b66\u6216\u6280\u827a\u65f6\u6709\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u542b\u4e49\uff0c\u4f46\u6211\u4eec\u53ef\u4ee5\u4ece\u4ed6\u4eec\u5b9e\u9645\u4f7f\u7528\u8fd9\u4e2a\u8bcd\u7684\u65b9\u5f0f\u5b89\u5168\u5730\u63a8\u65ad\u51fa\uff0c\u5bf9\u4ed6\u4eec\u6765\u8bf4\uff0c\u5b83\u4e0d\u8fc7\u662f\u4e00\u79cd\u5e7b\u8c61\u7684\u903b\u8f91(logic of illusion)\u2014\u2014\u4e00\u79cd\u7ed9\u4e88\u65e0\u77e5\uff0c\u751a\u81f3\u662f\u6709\u610f\u7684\u8be1\u8fa9\u4ee5\u771f\u7406\u5916\u8868\u7684\u8be1\u8fa9\u672f\uff0c\u5728\u8fd9\u79cd\u672f\u4e2d\u6a21\u4eff\u4e86\u903b\u8f91\u6240\u8981\u6c42\u7684\u5f7b\u5e95\u6027\u7a0b\u5e8f\uff0c\u5e76\u4f7f\u7528\u4ed6\u4eec\u7684\u8bba\u9898\u6765\u63a9\u76d6\u7a7a\u6d1e\u7684\u4e3b\u5f20\u3002\u73b0\u5728\u53ef\u4ee5\u4f5c\u4e3a\u4e00\u4e2a\u5b89\u5168\u4e14\u6709\u7528\u7684\u8b66\u544a\uff1a\u666e\u904d\u903b\u8f91\u5b66\uff0c\u5f53\u88ab\u89c6\u4e3a\u5de5\u5177\u65f6\uff0c\u5fc5\u7136\u603b\u662f\u4e00\u79cd\u5e7b\u8c61\u7684\u903b\u8f91\uff0c\u5373\u662f\u8fa9\u8bc1\u7684(dialectical)\uff0c\u56e0\u4e3a\u5b83\u5b8c\u5168\u4e0d\u6559\u7ed9\u6211\u4eec\u4efb\u4f55\u5173\u4e8e\u6211\u4eec\u8ba4\u77e5\u5185\u5bb9\u7684\u4e1c\u897f\uff0c\u800c\u53ea\u6559\u7ed9\u6211\u4eec\u4e0e\u77e5\u6027\u76f8\u7b26\u5408\u7684\u5f62\u5f0f\u6761\u4ef6\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e9b\u6761\u4ef6\u4e0e\u5bf9\u8c61\u65e0\u5173\u4e14\u5b8c\u5168\u6f20\u4e0d\u5173\u5fc3\uff0c\u4efb\u4f55\u8bd5\u56fe\u5c06\u5176\u7528\u4f5c\u5de5\u5177\u6765\u6269\u5c55\u548c\u6269\u5927\u6211\u4eec\u77e5\u8bc6\u8303\u56f4\u7684\u5c1d\u8bd5\u5fc5\u7136\u4ee5\u7a7a\u8c08\u544a\u7ec8\uff1b\u4efb\u4f55\u4eba\u90fd\u80fd\u591f\u4ee5\u67d0\u79cd\u771f\u7406\u7684\u8868\u8c61\u6765\u7ef4\u62a4\u6216\u53cd\u5bf9\u4efb\u4f55\u5355\u4e00\u7684\u65ad\u8a00\u3002<\/p>\n
            \u8fd9\u79cd\u6559\u5bfc\u5b8c\u5168\u4e0d\u9002\u5408\u54f2\u5b66\u7684\u5c0a\u4e25\u3002\u51fa\u4e8e\u8fd9\u4e9b\u539f\u56e0\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u9009\u62e9\u5c06\u903b\u8f91\u5b66\u7684\u8fd9\u90e8\u5206\u79f0\u4e3a\u8fa9\u8bc1\u8bba\uff0c\u5176\u542b\u4e49\u662f\u5bf9\u8fa9\u8bc1\u5e7b\u8c61\u7684\u6279\u5224(critique of dialectical illusion)\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u5e0c\u671b\u8fd9\u4e2a\u672f\u8bed\u5728\u6b64\u5904\u80fd\u88ab\u5982\u6b64\u7406\u89e3\u3002<\/p>\n
          \u56db\u3001\u8bba\u5148\u9a8c\u903b\u8f91\u5b66\u5206\u4e3a\u5148\u9a8c\u5206\u6790\u8bba\u548c\u8fa9\u8bc1\u8bba<\/h2>\n
          Of the Division of Transcendental Logic into Transcendental Analytic and Dialectic.<\/strong><\/p>\n
          4.1 \u8981\u70b9<\/h3>\n
            \n
          1. \u4ecb\u7ecd\u4e86\u5148\u9a8c\u903b\u8f91\u5b66\u5206\u4e3a\u5148\u9a8c\u5206\u6790\u8bba\u548c\u8fa9\u8bc1\u8bba<\/li>\n
          2. \u89e3\u91ca\u4e86\u5148\u9a8c\u5206\u6790\u8bba\u7684\u6027\u8d28\u548c\u529f\u80fd<\/li>\n
          3. \u8ba8\u8bba\u4e86\u77e5\u6027\u7684\u7eaf\u7cb9\u8ba4\u77e5\u53ca\u5176\u9650\u5236<\/li>\n
          4. \u9610\u8ff0\u4e86\u5148\u9a8c\u8fa9\u8bc1\u8bba\u4f5c\u4e3a\u5bf9\u8fa9\u8bc1\u5e7b\u8c61\u7684\u6279\u5224<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n
            4.2 \u8bd1\u6587<\/h3>\n
              \u5728\u5148\u9a8c\u903b\u8f91\u5b66\u4e2d\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u5b64\u7acb\u51fa\u77e5\u6027\uff08\u5c31\u50cf\u5728\u5148\u9a8c\u611f\u6027\u8bba\u4e2d\u5b64\u7acb\u611f\u6027\u4e00\u6837\uff09\uff0c\u4ece\u6211\u4eec\u7684\u8ba4\u77e5\u4e2d\u4ec5\u9009\u53d6\u90a3\u4e9b\u4ec5\u6e90\u4e8e(origin in)\u77e5\u6027\u672c\u8eab\u7684\u601d\u7ef4\u90e8\u5206\u3002\u7136\u800c\uff0c\u8fd9\u79cd\u7eaf\u7cb9\u8ba4\u77e5\u7684\u8fd0\u7528\u4f9d\u8d56\u4e8e\u8fd9\u6837\u4e00\u4e2a\u6761\u4ef6\uff1a\u5fc5\u987b\u5728\u76f4\u89c2\u4e2d\u7ed9\u4e88(given to)\u6211\u4eec\u53ef\u4ee5\u5e94\u7528\u4e8e\u5176\u4e0a\u7684\u5bf9\u8c61\uff0c\u56e0\u4e3a\u6ca1\u6709\u76f4\u89c2\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u7684\u6574\u4e2a\u8ba4\u77e5\u5c31\u6ca1\u6709\u5bf9\u8c61\uff0c\u56e0\u6b64\u5c31\u5b8c\u5168\u662f\u7a7a\u865a\u7684\u3002\u56e0\u6b64\uff0c\u5148\u9a8c\u903b\u8f91\u5b66\u4e2d\u5904\u7406\u77e5\u6027\u7eaf\u7cb9\u8ba4\u77e5\u8981\u7d20\u4ee5\u53ca\u6ca1\u6709\u8fd9\u4e9b\u8981\u7d20\u5c31\u5b8c\u5168\u65e0\u6cd5\u601d\u8003\u4efb\u4f55\u5bf9\u8c61\u7684\u90a3\u4e9b\u539f\u5219\u7684\u90e8\u5206\uff0c\u5c31\u662f\u5148\u9a8c\u5206\u6790\u8bba(transcendental analytic)\uff0c\u540c\u65f6\u4e5f\u662f\u771f\u7406\u7684\u903b\u8f91\u5b66(logic of truth)\u3002\u56e0\u4e3a\u4efb\u4f55\u8ba4\u77e5\u5982\u679c\u4e0e\u4e4b\u76f8\u77db\u76fe\uff0c\u5c31\u4f1a\u540c\u65f6\u5931\u53bb\u6240\u6709\u5185\u5bb9\uff0c\u5373\u5931\u53bb\u5bf9\u4efb\u4f55\u5bf9\u8c61\u7684\u6240\u6709\u5173\u8054\uff0c\u56e0\u6b64\u4e5f\u5931\u53bb\u6240\u6709\u771f\u7406\u3002<\/p>\n
              \u4f46\u662f\uff0c\u56e0\u4e3a\u6211\u4eec\u5f88\u5bb9\u6613\u88ab\u8bf1\u5bfc\u53bb\u5355\u72ec\u8fd0\u7528\u8fd9\u4e9b\u77e5\u6027\u7684\u7eaf\u7cb9\u8ba4\u77e5\u548c\u539f\u5219\uff0c\u751a\u81f3\u8d85\u8d8a\u7ecf\u9a8c\u7684\u754c\u9650\u2014\u2014\u800c\u7ecf\u9a8c\u5374\u662f\u6211\u4eec\u80fd\u591f\u83b7\u5f97\u90a3\u4e9b\u53ef\u4ee5\u8fd0\u7528\u8fd9\u4e9b\u7eaf\u7cb9\u6982\u5ff5\u7684\u8d28\u6599\uff08\u5bf9\u8c61\uff09\u7684\u552f\u4e00\u6e90\u6cc9\u2014\u2014\u77e5\u6027\u5c31\u6709\u53ef\u80fd\u901a\u8fc7\u7a7a\u6d1e\u7684\u8be1\u8fa9(empty sophisms)\uff0c\u5bf9\u7eaf\u7cb9\u77e5\u6027\u7684\u7eaf\u5f62\u5f0f\u539f\u5219\u4f5c\u51fa\u5b9e\u8d28\u7684\u548c\u5ba2\u89c2\u7684\u4f7f\u7528\u7684\u98ce\u9669\uff0c\u5e76\u5bf9\u5bf9\u8c61\u4e0d\u52a0\u533a\u5206\u5730\u4f5c\u51fa\u5224\u65ad\u2014\u2014\u8fd9\u4e9b\u5bf9\u8c61\u5e76\u672a\u88ab\u7ed9\u4e88\u6211\u4eec\uff0c\u751a\u81f3\u53ef\u80fd\u6839\u672c\u65e0\u6cd5\u4ee5\u4efb\u4f55\u65b9\u5f0f\u88ab\u7ed9\u4e88\u6211\u4eec\u3002\u73b0\u5728\uff0c\u7531\u4e8e\u5b83\u672c\u5e94\u53ea\u662f\u7528\u4e8e\u5224\u65ad\u77e5\u6027\u7ecf\u9a8c\u4f7f\u7528\u7684\u51c6\u5219(canon)\uff0c\u5f53\u6211\u4eec\u8bd5\u56fe\u5c06\u8fd9\u79cd\u903b\u8f91\u5b66\u7528\u4f5c\u666e\u904d\u7684\u548c\u65e0\u9650\u5236\u7684\u77e5\u6027\u8fd0\u7528\u7684\u5de5\u5177(organon)\uff0c\u5e76\u8bd5\u56fe\u4ec5\u51ed\u7eaf\u7cb9\u77e5\u6027\u5c31\u5bf9\u5bf9\u8c61\u4e00\u822c\u8fdb\u884c\u7efc\u5408\u5224\u65ad\u3001\u80af\u5b9a\u548c\u89c4\u5b9a\u65f6\uff0c\u8fd9\u79cd\u903b\u8f91\u5b66\u5c31\u88ab\u8bef\u7528\u4e86\u3002\u5728\u8fd9\u79cd\u60c5\u51b5\u4e0b\uff0c\u7eaf\u7cb9\u77e5\u6027\u7684\u8fd0\u7528\u5c31\u53d8\u6210\u4e86\u8fa9\u8bc1\u7684(dialectical)\u3002<\/p>\n
              \u56e0\u6b64\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u7684\u5148\u9a8c\u903b\u8f91\u5b66\u7684\u7b2c\u4e8c\u90e8\u5206\u5fc5\u987b\u662f\u5bf9\u8fa9\u8bc1\u5e7b\u8c61\u7684\u6279\u5224(critique of dialectical illusion)\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u5c06\u8fd9\u79cd\u6279\u5224\u79f0\u4e3a\u5148\u9a8c\u8fa9\u8bc1\u8bba(transcendental dialectic)\u2014\u2014\u8fd9\u5e76\u4e0d\u662f\u6307\u4ea7\u751f\u8fd9\u79cd\u5e7b\u8c61\u7684\u6559\u6761\u5f0f\u827a\u672f\uff08\u8fd9\u79cd\u827a\u672f\u5728\u5f62\u800c\u4e0a\u5b66\u620f\u6cd5\u7684\u5b9e\u8df5\u8005\u4e2d\u4e0d\u5e78\u592a\u5e38\u89c1\u4e86\uff09\uff0c\u800c\u662f\u6307\u5bf9\u77e5\u6027\u548c\u7406\u6027\u5728\u5176\u8d85\u7269\u7406\u4f7f\u7528(hyperphysical use)\u65b9\u9762\u7684\u6279\u5224\u3002\u8fd9\u79cd\u6279\u5224\u5c06\u63ed\u9732\u8fd9\u4e24\u79cd\u5b98\u80fd\u7684\u65e0\u6839\u636e\u7684\u50ed\u8d8a\u6027\u8d28\uff0c\u5e76\u4f7f\u5b83\u4eec\u4ec5\u4ec5\u901a\u8fc7\u5148\u9a8c\u539f\u5219\u6765\u53d1\u73b0\u548c\u6269\u5c55\u6211\u4eec\u8ba4\u77e5\u7684\u4e3b\u5f20\u5931\u6548\uff0c\u5e76\u8868\u660e\u8fd9\u4e9b\u5b98\u80fd\u7684\u6070\u5f53\u8fd0\u7528\u5728\u4e8e\u68c0\u9a8c\u7eaf\u7cb9\u77e5\u6027\u6240\u4f5c\u7684\u5224\u65ad\uff0c\u5e76\u4f7f\u5176\u514d\u4e8e\u8be1\u8fa9\u7684\u6b3a\u9a97(sophistical delusion)\u3002<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"
              \u672c\u7bc7\u6587\u7ae0\u6211\u4eec\u5173\u6ce8\u5148\u9a8c\u903b\u8f91\u7684\u5bfc\u8bba\u90e8\u5206\uff0c\u8fd9\u91cc\u6211\u4eec\u5c06\u5148\u9a8c\u903b\u8f91\u5206\u4e3a\u4e86\u5148\u9a8c\u5206\u6790\u548c\u5148\u9a8c\u8fa9\u8bc1\u3002 I. Transcend …<\/p>","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[49],"tags":[233,229],"amp_enabled":true,"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/swordofmorning.com\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1572"}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/swordofmorning.com\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/swordofmorning.com\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/swordofmorning.com\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/swordofmorning.com\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=1572"}],"version-history":[{"count":4,"href":"https:\/\/swordofmorning.com\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1572\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":1592,"href":"https:\/\/swordofmorning.com\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1572\/revisions\/1592"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/swordofmorning.com\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=1572"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/swordofmorning.com\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=1572"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/swordofmorning.com\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=1572"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}