{"id":1563,"date":"2025-02-19T15:29:35","date_gmt":"2025-02-19T07:29:35","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/swordofmorning.com\/?p=1563"},"modified":"2025-10-09T13:54:10","modified_gmt":"2025-10-09T05:54:10","slug":"tcopr-01","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/swordofmorning.com\/index.php\/2025\/02\/19\/tcopr-01\/","title":{"rendered":"\u300a\u7eaf\u7cb9\u7406\u6027\u6279\u5224\u300b 01 \u5bfc\u8bba"},"content":{"rendered":"

<\/div><\/p>\n

  \u672c\u7bc7\u6587\u7ae0\u6211\u4eec\u5173\u6ce8\u5bfc\u8bba\u90e8\u5206\u7684\u5185\u5bb9\u3002<\/p>\n

I. Of the difference between Pure and Empirical Knowledge\nII. The Human Intellect, even in an Unphilosophical State, is in Possession of Certain Cognitions \u201c\u00e0 priori\u201d.\nIII. Philosophy stands in need of a Science which shall Determine the Possibility, Principles, and Extent of Human Knowledge \u201c\u00e0 priori\u201d\nIV. Of the Difference Between Analytical and Synthetical Judgements.\nV. In all Theoretical Sciences of Reason, Synthetical Judgements \u201c\u00e0 priori\u201d are contained as Principles.\nVI. The Universal Problem of Pure Reason.\nVII. Idea and Division of a Particular Science, under the Name of a Critique of Pure Reason.<\/code><\/pre>\n
Section I<\/h2>\n
Of the difference between Pure and Empirical Knowledge<\/strong><\/p>\n
\u7eaf\u7cb9\u77e5\u8bc6\u4e0e\u7ecf\u9a8c\u77e5\u8bc6\u7684\u533a\u522b<\/strong><\/p>\n
  \u6beb\u65e0\u7591\u95ee\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u6240\u6709\u7684\u77e5\u8bc6\u90fd\u59cb\u4e8e(begins with)\u7ecf\u9a8c\u3002\u56e0\u4e3a\uff0c\u9664\u975e\u6709\u5bf9\u8c61\u4f5c\u7528\u4e8e\u6211\u4eec\u7684\u611f\u5b98\uff0c\u4e00\u65b9\u9762\u81ea\u884c\u4ea7\u751f\u8868\u8c61\uff0c\u53e6\u4e00\u65b9\u9762\u5524\u8d77\u6211\u4eec\u77e5\u6027\u6d3b\u52a8\u53bb\u6bd4\u8f83\u3001\u8054\u7cfb\u6216\u5206\u79bb\u8fd9\u4e9b\u8868\u8c61\uff0c\u4ece\u800c\u5c06\u611f\u6027\u5370\u8c61\u7684\u539f\u59cb\u6750\u6599\u8f6c\u5316\u4e3a\u6211\u4eec\u6240\u8c13\u7684\u7ecf\u9a8c\u6027\u7684\u5bf9\u8c61\u77e5\u8bc6\uff0c\u5426\u5219\u8ba4\u77e5\u673a\u80fd\u600e\u4e48\u53ef\u80fd\u88ab\u5524\u9192\u800c\u8fd0\u4f5c\u5462\uff1f\u56e0\u6b64\uff0c\u5c31\u65f6\u95f4\u800c\u8a00\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u6ca1\u6709\u4efb\u4f55\u77e5\u8bc6\u662f\u5148\u4e8e\u7ecf\u9a8c\u7684\uff0c\u6240\u6709\u77e5\u8bc6\u90fd\u59cb\u4e8e\u7ecf\u9a8c\u3002<\/p>\n
  \u7136\u800c\uff0c\u867d\u7136\u6211\u4eec\u6240\u6709\u7684\u77e5\u8bc6\u90fd\u59cb\u4e8e(begins with)\u7ecf\u9a8c\uff0c\u4f46\u8fd9\u5e76\u4e0d\u610f\u5473\u7740\u6240\u6709\u77e5\u8bc6\u90fd\u6e90\u4e8e(arises out of)\u7ecf\u9a8c\u3002\u76f8\u53cd\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u7684\u7ecf\u9a8c\u77e5\u8bc6\u5f88\u53ef\u80fd\u662f\u7531\u6211\u4eec\u901a\u8fc7\u5370\u8c61\u63a5\u6536\u5230\u7684\u5185\u5bb9\uff0c\u4e0e\u8ba4\u77e5\u673a\u80fd\u81ea\u8eab\u6240\u63d0\u4f9b\u7684\u5185\u5bb9\uff08\u611f\u6027\u5370\u8c61\u4ec5\u63d0\u4f9b\u5951\u673a\uff09\u6240\u7ec4\u6210\u7684\u590d\u5408\u7269\u3002\u8fd9\u79cd\u8ba4\u77e5\u673a\u80fd\u7684\u9644\u52a0\u6210\u5206\u5728\u6700\u521d\u662f\u96be\u4ee5\u4e0e\u611f\u5b98\u6240\u7ed9\u4e88\u7684\u539f\u59cb\u8981\u7d20\u533a\u5206\u5f00\u7684\uff0c\u76f4\u5230\u7ecf\u8fc7\u957f\u671f\u5b9e\u8df5\u624d\u80fd\u4f7f\u6211\u4eec\u6ce8\u610f\u5230\u5b83\u5e76\u5584\u4e8e\u5c06\u5b83\u5206\u79bb\u51fa\u6765\u3002\u56e0\u6b64\uff0c\u662f\u5426\u5b58\u5728\u5b8c\u5168\u72ec\u7acb\u4e8e\u7ecf\u9a8c\u3001\u751a\u81f3\u72ec\u7acb\u4e8e\u6240\u6709\u611f\u6027\u5370\u8c61\u7684\u77e5\u8bc6\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e2a\u95ee\u9898\u9700\u8981\u6df1\u5165\u7814\u7a76\uff0c\u4e0d\u80fd\u8f7b\u6613\u4e0b\u7ed3\u8bba\u3002\u8fd9\u79cd\u77e5\u8bc6\u88ab\u79f0\u4e3a\u5148\u9a8c\u7684(\u00e0 priori)\uff0c\u4ee5\u533a\u522b\u4e8e\u6765\u6e90\u4e8e\u540e\u9a8c(\u00e0 posteriori)\u3001\u5373\u6765\u6e90\u4e8e\u7ecf\u9a8c\u7684\u7ecf\u9a8c\u77e5\u8bc6\u3002<\/p>\n
  \u4f46\u662f\uff0c"\u5148\u9a8c\u7684"(\u00e0 priori)\u8fd9\u4e2a\u8868\u8fbe\u8fd8\u4e0d\u591f\u786e\u5207\uff0c\u4e0d\u8db3\u4ee5\u5145\u5206\u8868\u660e\u4e0a\u8ff0\u95ee\u9898\u7684\u5168\u90e8\u542b\u4e49\u3002\u56e0\u4e3a\u5728\u8c08\u5230\u6e90\u4e8e\u7ecf\u9a8c\u7684\u77e5\u8bc6\u65f6\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u5e38\u8bf4\u67d0\u4e8b\u53ef\u4ee5\u88ab\u5148\u9a8c\u5730\u77e5\u9053\uff0c\u8fd9\u662f\u56e0\u4e3a\u6211\u4eec\u5e76\u975e\u76f4\u63a5\u4ece\u7ecf\u9a8c\u4e2d\u83b7\u5f97\u8fd9\u79cd\u77e5\u8bc6\uff0c\u800c\u662f\u4ece\u4e00\u4e2a\u4e00\u822c\u89c4\u5219\u4e2d\u63a8\u5bfc\u51fa\u6765\uff0c\u5c3d\u7ba1\u8fd9\u4e2a\u89c4\u5219\u672c\u8eab\u662f\u4ece\u7ecf\u9a8c\u4e2d\u83b7\u5f97\u7684\u3002\u6bd4\u5982\uff0c\u5982\u679c\u4e00\u4e2a\u4eba\u6316\u6398\u4e86\u4ed6\u623f\u5b50\u7684\u5730\u57fa\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u4f1a\u8bf4\uff1a"\u4ed6\u53ef\u4ee5\u5148\u9a8c\u5730\u77e5\u9053\u623f\u5b50\u4f1a\u5012\u584c"\uff0c\u4e5f\u5c31\u662f\u8bf4\uff0c\u4ed6\u4e0d\u5fc5\u7b49\u5f85\u623f\u5b50\u771f\u7684\u5012\u584c\u8fd9\u4e00\u7ecf\u9a8c\u3002\u4f46\u662f\uff0c\u5373\u4fbf\u5982\u6b64\uff0c\u4ed6\u4e5f\u4e0d\u80fd\u771f\u6b63\u5148\u9a8c\u5730\u77e5\u9053\u8fd9\u4e00\u70b9\u3002\u56e0\u4e3a\u7269\u4f53\u6709\u91cd\u91cf\uff0c\u56e0\u6b64\u5f53\u652f\u6491\u7269\u88ab\u79fb\u9664\u65f6\u4f1a\u5012\u584c\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e9b\u90fd\u5fc5\u987b\u901a\u8fc7\u7ecf\u9a8c\u624d\u80fd\u9884\u5148\u77e5\u9053\u3002<\/p>\n
  \u56e0\u6b64\uff0c\u5728\u540e\u6587\u4e2d\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u7528"\u5148\u9a8c\u77e5\u8bc6"(knowledge \u00e0 priori)\u8fd9\u4e2a\u672f\u8bed\u6765\u8868\u793a\u4e0d\u4ec5\u4ec5\u662f\u72ec\u7acb\u4e8e\u8fd9\u79cd\u6216\u90a3\u79cd\u7ecf\u9a8c\uff0c\u800c\u662f\u5b8c\u5168\u72ec\u7acb\u4e8e\u4e00\u5207\u7ecf\u9a8c\u7684\u77e5\u8bc6\u3002\u4e0e\u6b64\u76f8\u5bf9\u7684\u662f\u7ecf\u9a8c\u77e5\u8bc6\uff0c\u6216\u79f0\u540e\u9a8c\u77e5\u8bc6(\u00e0 posteriori)\uff0c\u5373\u53ea\u80fd\u901a\u8fc7\u7ecf\u9a8c\u83b7\u5f97\u7684\u77e5\u8bc6\u3002\u5148\u9a8c\u77e5\u8bc6\u53ef\u4ee5\u662f\u7eaf\u7cb9\u7684\u6216\u4e0d\u7eaf\u7cb9\u7684\u3002\u7eaf\u7cb9\u5148\u9a8c\u77e5\u8bc6\u662f\u6307\u4e0d\u63ba\u6742\u4efb\u4f55\u7ecf\u9a8c\u8981\u7d20\u7684\u77e5\u8bc6\u3002\u4f8b\u5982\uff0c"\u6bcf\u4e2a\u53d8\u5316\u90fd\u6709\u4e00\u4e2a\u539f\u56e0"\u8fd9\u4e2a\u547d\u9898\u662f\u5148\u9a8c\u7684\uff0c\u4f46\u4e0d\u662f\u7eaf\u7cb9\u7684\uff0c\u56e0\u4e3a\u53d8\u5316\u8fd9\u4e2a\u6982\u5ff5\u53ea\u80fd\u4ece\u7ecf\u9a8c\u4e2d\u5f97\u51fa\u3002<\/p>\n
Section II<\/h2>\n
The Human Intellect, even in an Unphilosophical State, is in Possession of Certain Cognitions \u201c\u00e0 priori\u201d.<\/strong><\/p>\n
\u5373\u4f7f\u5728\u975e\u54f2\u5b66\u72b6\u6001\u4e0b\uff0c\u4eba\u7c7b\u7406\u667a\u4e5f\u62e5\u6709\u67d0\u4e9b\u5148\u9a8c\u8ba4\u77e5<\/strong><\/p>\n
  \u73b0\u5728\u7684\u95ee\u9898\u662f\uff1a\u6211\u4eec\u9700\u8981\u4e00\u4e2a\u6807\u51c6\uff0c\u80fd\u591f\u5b89\u5168\u5730\u533a\u5206\u7eaf\u7cb9\u8ba4\u77e5\u548c\u7ecf\u9a8c\u8ba4\u77e5\u3002\u7ecf\u9a8c\u65e0\u7591\u6559\u5bfc\u6211\u4eec\u67d0\u4e2a\u5bf9\u8c61\u5177\u6709\u8fd9\u6837\u6216\u90a3\u6837\u7684\u6027\u8d28\uff0c\u4f46\u5e76\u4e0d\u80fd\u544a\u8bc9\u6211\u4eec\u5b83\u4e0d\u53ef\u80fd\u4ee5\u5176\u4ed6\u65b9\u5f0f\u5b58\u5728\u3002\u9996\u5148\uff0c\u5982\u679c\u4e00\u4e2a\u547d\u9898\u5728\u5176\u6982\u5ff5\u4e2d\u5c31\u5305\u542b\u5fc5\u7136\u6027(necessity)\u7684\u89c2\u5ff5\uff0c\u90a3\u5b83\u5c31\u662f\u5148\u9a8c\u7684\u3002\u800c\u4e14\uff0c\u5982\u679c\u5b83\u4e0d\u662f\u4ece\u5176\u4ed6\u547d\u9898\u63a8\u5bfc\u51fa\u6765\u7684\uff0c\u9664\u975e\u8fd9\u4e2a\u5176\u4ed6\u547d\u9898\u540c\u6837\u5305\u542b\u5fc5\u7136\u6027\u7684\u89c2\u5ff5\uff0c\u90a3\u5b83\u5c31\u662f\u7edd\u5bf9\u5148\u9a8c\u7684\u3002\u5176\u6b21\uff0c\u7ecf\u9a8c\u5224\u65ad\u4ece\u4e0d\u8868\u73b0\u51fa\u4e25\u683c\u7684\u548c\u7edd\u5bf9\u7684\u666e\u904d\u6027(universality)\uff0c\u800c\u53ea\u8868\u73b0\u51fa\u5047\u5b9a\u7684\u548c\u6bd4\u8f83\u7684\u666e\u904d\u6027\uff08\u901a\u8fc7\u5f52\u7eb3\u6cd5\uff09\uff1b\u56e0\u6b64\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u6700\u591a\u53ea\u80fd\u8bf4\u2014\u2014\u5c31\u6211\u4eec\u8fc4\u4eca\u6240\u89c2\u5bdf\u5230\u7684\u800c\u8a00\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e2a\u6216\u90a3\u4e2a\u89c4\u5219\u6ca1\u6709\u4f8b\u5916\u3002\u76f8\u53cd\uff0c\u5982\u679c\u4e00\u4e2a\u5224\u65ad\u5177\u6709\u4e25\u683c\u7684\u548c\u7edd\u5bf9\u7684\u666e\u904d\u6027\uff0c\u5373\u4e0d\u5141\u8bb8\u6709\u4efb\u4f55\u53ef\u80fd\u7684\u4f8b\u5916\uff0c\u90a3\u4e48\u5b83\u5c31\u4e0d\u662f\u4ece\u7ecf\u9a8c\u4e2d\u5f97\u6765\u7684\uff0c\u800c\u662f\u7edd\u5bf9\u5148\u9a8c\u6709\u6548\u7684\u3002<\/p>\n
  \u56e0\u6b64\uff0c\u7ecf\u9a8c\u7684\u666e\u904d\u6027\u53ea\u662f\u4e00\u79cd\u4efb\u610f\u7684\u6709\u6548\u6027\u6269\u5c55\uff0c\u4ece\u9002\u7528\u4e8e\u5927\u591a\u6570\u60c5\u51b5\u7684\u547d\u9898\u6269\u5c55\u5230\u58f0\u79f0\u9002\u7528\u4e8e\u6240\u6709\u60c5\u51b5\u7684\u547d\u9898\uff1b\u4f8b\u5982\u5728"\u6240\u6709\u7269\u4f53\u90fd\u6709\u91cd\u91cf"\u8fd9\u6837\u7684\u65ad\u8a00\u4e2d\u3002\u76f8\u53cd\uff0c\u5f53\u4e25\u683c\u7684\u666e\u904d\u6027\u6807\u5fd7\u7740\u4e00\u4e2a\u5224\u65ad\u65f6\uff0c\u5b83\u5fc5\u7136\u6307\u5411\u53e6\u4e00\u79cd\u7279\u6b8a\u7684\u77e5\u8bc6\u6765\u6e90\uff0c\u5373\u5148\u9a8c\u8ba4\u77e5\u80fd\u529b(faculty of cognition \u00e0 priori)\u3002\u56e0\u6b64\uff0c\u5fc5\u7136\u6027\u548c\u4e25\u683c\u666e\u904d\u6027\u662f\u533a\u5206\u7eaf\u7cb9\u77e5\u8bc6\u548c\u7ecf\u9a8c\u77e5\u8bc6\u7684\u53ef\u9760\u6807\u51c6\uff0c\u5b83\u4eec\u5f7c\u6b64\u5bc6\u4e0d\u53ef\u5206\u3002\u4f46\u5728\u4f7f\u7528\u8fd9\u4e9b\u6807\u51c6\u65f6\uff0c\u6709\u65f6\u7ecf\u9a8c\u7684\u5c40\u9650\u6027\u6bd4\u5224\u65ad\u7684\u5076\u7136\u6027\u66f4\u5bb9\u6613\u88ab\u53d1\u73b0\uff0c\u6216\u8005\u6211\u4eec\u8d4b\u4e88\u5224\u65ad\u7684\u65e0\u9650\u666e\u904d\u6027\u5f80\u5f80\u6bd4\u5176\u5fc5\u7136\u6027\u63d0\u4f9b\u66f4\u6709\u8bf4\u670d\u529b\u7684\u8bc1\u660e\uff0c\u56e0\u6b64\u5206\u522b\u4f7f\u7528\u8fd9\u4e9b\u6807\u51c6\u53ef\u80fd\u662f\u660e\u667a\u7684\uff0c\u56e0\u4e3a\u6bcf\u4e2a\u6807\u51c6\u672c\u8eab\u90fd\u662f\u53ef\u9760\u7684\u3002<\/p>\n
  \u73b0\u5728\uff0c\u8981\u8bc1\u660e\u5728\u4eba\u7c7b\u8ba4\u77e5\u9886\u57df\u4e2d\u5b58\u5728\u5fc5\u7136\u7684\u3001\u6700\u4e25\u683c\u610f\u4e49\u4e0a\u666e\u904d\u7684\u3001\u56e0\u800c\u662f\u7eaf\u7cb9\u5148\u9a8c\u7684\u5224\u65ad\uff0c\u8fd9\u662f\u4e00\u4ef6\u5bb9\u6613\u7684\u4e8b\u3002\u5982\u679c\u6211\u4eec\u9700\u8981\u4e00\u4e2a\u6765\u81ea\u79d1\u5b66\u7684\u4f8b\u5b50\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u53ea\u9700\u8981\u53d6\u4efb\u4f55\u4e00\u4e2a\u6570\u5b66\u547d\u9898\u5373\u53ef\u3002\u5982\u679c\u6211\u4eec\u5173\u6ce8\u7406\u89e3\u529b\u6700\u666e\u901a\u7684\u8fd0\u4f5c\uff0c"\u6bcf\u4e2a\u53d8\u5316\u90fd\u5fc5\u987b\u6709\u4e00\u4e2a\u539f\u56e0"\u8fd9\u4e2a\u547d\u9898\u5c31\u5b8c\u5168\u80fd\u6ee1\u8db3\u6211\u4eec\u7684\u76ee\u7684\u3002\u786e\u5b9e\uff0c\u5728\u540e\u4e00\u79cd\u60c5\u51b5\u4e0b\uff0c\u539f\u56e0\u7684\u6982\u5ff5\u5982\u6b64\u660e\u663e\u5730\u5305\u542b\u7740\u4e0e\u7ed3\u679c\u7684\u5fc5\u7136\u8054\u7cfb\u548c\u6cd5\u5219\u7684\u4e25\u683c\u666e\u904d\u6027\uff0c\u4ee5\u81f3\u4e8e\u5982\u679c\u6211\u4eec\u50cf\u4f11\u8c1f(Hume)\u90a3\u6837\uff0c\u4ec5\u4ec5\u4ece\u53d1\u751f\u4e8b\u4ef6\u4e0e\u5176\u5148\u524d\u4e8b\u4ef6\u7684\u9891\u7e41\u8054\u60f3\uff0c\u4ee5\u53ca\u7531\u6b64\u4ea7\u751f\u7684\u8fde\u63a5\u8868\u8c61\u7684\u4e60\u60ef\u4e2d\u63a8\u5bfc\u51fa\u539f\u56e0\u6982\u5ff5\uff0c\u90a3\u4e48\u539f\u56e0\u7684\u6574\u4e2a\u6982\u5ff5\u5c31\u4f1a\u5b8c\u5168\u6d88\u5931\u2014\u2014\u5728\u8fd9\u79cd\u60c5\u51b5\u4e0b\uff0c\u5224\u65ad\u4e2d\u7684\u5fc5\u7136\u6027\u4ec5\u4ec5\u662f\u4e3b\u89c2\u7684\u3002\u6b64\u5916\uff0c\u4e0d\u9700\u8981\u5bfb\u627e\u8ba4\u77e5\u4e2d\u5b58\u5728\u5148\u9a8c\u539f\u5219\u7684\u8fd9\u7c7b\u4f8b\u5b50\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u53ef\u4ee5\u8f7b\u6613\u8bc1\u660e\u8fd9\u4e9b\u539f\u5219\u662f\u7ecf\u9a8c\u53ef\u80fd\u6027\u672c\u8eab\u4e0d\u53ef\u6216\u7f3a\u7684\u57fa\u7840\uff0c\u4ece\u800c\u8bc1\u660e\u5b83\u4eec\u7684\u5148\u9a8c\u5b58\u5728\u3002\u56e0\u4e3a\uff0c\u5982\u679c\u6240\u6709\u652f\u914d\u7ecf\u9a8c\u7684\u89c4\u5219\u672c\u8eab\u90fd\u662f\u7ecf\u9a8c\u7684\uff0c\u56e0\u800c\u90fd\u662f\u5076\u7136\u7684\uff0c\u90a3\u4e48\u6211\u4eec\u7684\u7ecf\u9a8c\u672c\u8eab\u4ece\u4f55\u5904\u83b7\u5f97\u786e\u5b9a\u6027\u5462\uff1f\u56e0\u6b64\uff0c\u6ca1\u6709\u4eba\u80fd\u627f\u8ba4\u8fd9\u4e9b\u89c4\u5219\u4f5c\u4e3a\u9996\u8981\u539f\u5219\u7684\u6709\u6548\u6027\u3002\u4f46\u76ee\u524d\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u53ef\u4ee5\u6ee1\u8db3\u4e8e\u5df2\u7ecf\u786e\u7acb\u4e86\u8fd9\u6837\u7684\u4e8b\u5b9e\uff1a\u6211\u4eec\u786e\u5b9e\u62e5\u6709\u5e76\u8fd0\u7528\u7eaf\u7cb9\u5148\u9a8c\u8ba4\u77e5\u7684\u80fd\u529b\uff1b\u5176\u6b21\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u5df2\u7ecf\u6307\u51fa\u4e86\u8fd9\u79cd\u8ba4\u77e5\u7684\u6070\u5f53\u68c0\u9a8c\u6807\u51c6\uff0c\u5373\u666e\u904d\u6027\u548c\u5fc5\u7136\u6027\u3002<\/p>\n
  \u7136\u800c\uff0c\u5148\u9a8c\u8d77\u6e90\u4e0d\u4ec5\u5728\u5224\u65ad\u4e2d\u663e\u73b0\uff0c\u5728\u6982\u5ff5\u4e2d\u4e5f\u662f\u5982\u6b64\u3002\u4f8b\u5982\uff0c\u5982\u679c\u6211\u4eec\u9010\u6b65\u4ece\u6211\u4eec\u5bf9\u7269\u4f53\u7684\u6982\u5ff5\u4e2d\u53bb\u9664\u6240\u6709\u53ef\u4ee5\u5f52\u4e8e\u7eaf\u7cb9\u611f\u6027\u7ecf\u9a8c\u7684\u4e1c\u897f\u2014\u2014\u989c\u8272\u3001\u786c\u5ea6\u6216\u67d4\u8f6f\u5ea6\u3001\u91cd\u91cf\uff0c\u751a\u81f3\u4e0d\u53ef\u5165\u6027\u2014\u2014\u7269\u4f53\u4f1a\u6d88\u5931\uff1b\u4f46\u5b83\u6240\u5360\u636e\u7684\u7a7a\u95f4\u4ecd\u7136\u5b58\u5728\uff0c\u8fd9\u5728\u601d\u7ef4\u4e2d\u662f\u5b8c\u5168\u4e0d\u53ef\u80fd\u88ab\u6d88\u9664\u7684\u3002\u540c\u6837\uff0c\u5982\u679c\u6211\u4eec\u4ee5\u7c7b\u4f3c\u65b9\u5f0f\u4ece\u4efb\u4f55\u5bf9\u8c61\uff08\u6709\u5f62\u7684\u6216\u65e0\u5f62\u7684\uff09\u7684\u7ecf\u9a8c\u6982\u5ff5\u4e2d\uff0c\u53bb\u9664\u6240\u6709\u4ec5\u4ec5\u7ecf\u9a8c\u6559\u4f1a\u6211\u4eec\u4e0e\u4e4b\u76f8\u8fde\u7684\u5c5e\u6027\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u4ecd\u7136\u65e0\u6cd5\u6452\u5f03\u90a3\u4e9b\u4f7f\u6211\u4eec\u5c06\u5176\u8ba4\u77e5\u4e3a\u5b9e\u4f53(substance)\u6216\u4f9d\u9644\u4e8e\u5b9e\u4f53\u7684\u5c5e\u6027\uff0c\u5c3d\u7ba1\u6211\u4eec\u5bf9\u5b9e\u4f53\u7684\u6982\u5ff5\u6bd4\u5bf9\u5bf9\u8c61\u7684\u6982\u5ff5\u66f4\u52a0\u786e\u5b9a\u3002\u56e0\u6b64\uff0c\u8feb\u4e8e\u5b9e\u4f53\u6982\u5ff5\u5f3a\u52a0\u4e8e\u6211\u4eec\u7684\u5fc5\u7136\u6027\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u5fc5\u987b\u627f\u8ba4\u5b83\u5b58\u5728\u4e8e\u6211\u4eec\u7684\u5148\u9a8c\u8ba4\u77e5\u80fd\u529b\u4e2d\u3002<\/p>\n
Section III<\/h2>\n
Philosophy stands in need of a Science which shall Determine the Possibility, Principles, and Extent of Human Knowledge \u201c\u00e0 priori\u201d<\/strong><\/p>\n
\u54f2\u5b66\u9700\u8981\u4e00\u95e8\u786e\u5b9a\u4eba\u7c7b\u5148\u9a8c\u77e5\u8bc6\u7684\u53ef\u80fd\u6027\u3001\u539f\u7406\u548c\u8303\u56f4\u7684\u79d1\u5b66<\/strong><\/p>\n
  \u6bd4\u4e0a\u8ff0\u6240\u6709\u5185\u5bb9\u66f4\u4e3a\u91cd\u8981\u7684\u662f\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u7684\u67d0\u4e9b\u8ba4\u77e5\u5b8c\u5168\u8d85\u8d8a\u4e86\u6240\u6709\u53ef\u80fd\u7ecf\u9a8c\u7684\u9886\u57df\uff0c\u5e76\u4e14\u901a\u8fc7\u5728\u6574\u4e2a\u7ecf\u9a8c\u8303\u56f4\u5185\u90fd\u627e\u4e0d\u5230\u76f8\u5e94\u5bf9\u8c61\u7684\u6982\u5ff5\uff0c\u4f3c\u4e4e\u6269\u5c55\u4e86\u6211\u4eec\u5224\u65ad\u7684\u754c\u9650\u3002\u6b63\u662f\u5728\u8fd9\u4e2a\u8d85\u9a8c\u7684(transcendental)\u6216\u8d85\u611f\u6027\u7684(supersensible)\u9886\u57df\u4e2d\uff0c\u7ecf\u9a8c\u65e2\u4e0d\u80fd\u7ed9\u6211\u4eec\u6307\u5bfc\u4e5f\u4e0d\u80fd\u7ed9\u6211\u4eec\u542f\u793a\uff0c\u800c\u7406\u6027\u7684\u63a2\u7a76\u6070\u6070\u5c31\u5728\u8fd9\u91cc\u8fdb\u884c\u3002\u7531\u4e8e\u5176\u91cd\u8981\u6027\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u8ba4\u4e3a\u8fd9\u79cd\u63a2\u7a76\u8fdc\u6bd4\u77e5\u6027\u5728\u611f\u6027\u73b0\u8c61(sensuous phenomena)\u9886\u57df\u5185\u6240\u80fd\u8fbe\u5230\u7684\u4e00\u5207\u90fd\u66f4\u53ef\u53d6\u3001\u76ee\u6807\u66f4\u5d07\u9ad8\u3002\u6211\u4eec\u5bf9\u8fd9\u4e9b\u63a2\u7a76\u8d4b\u4e88\u5982\u6b64\u9ad8\u7684\u4ef7\u503c\uff0c\u4ee5\u81f3\u4e8e\u5373\u4f7f\u5192\u7740\u72af\u9519\u7684\u98ce\u9669\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u4ecd\u575a\u6301\u8ffd\u5bfb\uff0c\u65e2\u4e0d\u8ba9\u6000\u7591\uff0c\u4e5f\u4e0d\u8ba9\u8f7b\u89c6\u6216\u6f20\u4e0d\u5173\u5fc3\u963b\u788d\u6211\u4eec\u7684\u8ffd\u6c42\u3002\u8fd9\u4e9b\u7eaf\u7cb9\u7406\u6027\u4e0d\u53ef\u907f\u514d\u7684\u95ee\u9898\u662f\u4e0a\u5e1d\u3001\uff08\u610f\u5fd7\uff09\u81ea\u7531\u548c\u4e0d\u673d\u3002\u65e8\u5728\u89e3\u51b3\u8fd9\u4e9b\u95ee\u9898\u7684\u79d1\u5b66\uff0c\u8fde\u540c\u5176\u6240\u6709\u9884\u5907\u77e5\u8bc6\uff0c\u88ab\u79f0\u4e3a\u5f62\u800c\u4e0a\u5b66(metaphysics)\u2014\u2014\u8fd9\u95e8\u79d1\u5b66\u4e00\u5f00\u59cb\u5c31\u662f\u6559\u6761\u5f0f\u7684(dogmatical)\uff0c\u4e5f\u5c31\u662f\u8bf4\uff0c\u5b83\u5728\u672a\u7ecf\u4efb\u4f55\u9884\u5148\u8003\u5bdf\u7406\u6027\u5bf9\u6b64\u7c7b\u4efb\u52a1\u7684\u80fd\u529b\u6216\u65e0\u80fd\u4e4b\u524d\uff0c\u5c31\u81ea\u4fe1\u5730\u627f\u62c5\u8d77\u8fd9\u9879\u4efb\u52a1\u3002<\/p>\n
  \u73b0\u5728\uff0c\u867d\u7136\u6211\u4eec\u5df2\u7ecf\u653e\u5f03\u4e86\u7ecf\u9a8c\u7684\u5b89\u5168\u57fa\u7840\uff0c\u4f46\u4f3c\u4e4e\u5f88\u81ea\u7136\u5730\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u4f1a\u5bf9\u4ec5\u51ed\u73b0\u6709\u8ba4\u77e5\u548c\u6765\u6e90\u4e0d\u660e\u7684\u539f\u5219\u6765\u5efa\u9020\u5927\u53a6\u800c\u72b9\u8c6b\u3002\u4e0e\u5176\u5728\u6ca1\u6709\u57fa\u7840\u7684\u60c5\u51b5\u4e0b\u5c1d\u8bd5\u5efa\u9020\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u672c\u5e94\u8be5\u65e9\u5c31\u63d0\u51fa\u8fd9\u6837\u7684\u95ee\u9898\uff1a\u77e5\u6027\u5982\u4f55\u8fbe\u5230\u8fd9\u4e9b\u5148\u9a8c\u8ba4\u77e5(\u00e0 priori cognitions)\uff0c\u4ee5\u53ca\u5b83\u4eec\u53ef\u80fd\u5177\u6709\u7684\u8303\u56f4\u3001\u6709\u6548\u6027\u548c\u4ef7\u503c\u662f\u4ec0\u4e48\uff1f\u6211\u4eec\u8bf4\u8fd9\u662f"\u5f88\u81ea\u7136\u7684"\uff0c\u610f\u601d\u662f\u8fd9\u7b26\u5408\u6b63\u5f53\u548c\u5408\u7406\u7684\u601d\u7ef4\u65b9\u5f0f\uff1b\u4f46\u5982\u679c\u6211\u4eec\u7406\u89e3"\u81ea\u7136"\u662f\u6307\u901a\u5e38\u53d1\u751f\u7684\u4e8b\u60c5\uff0c\u90a3\u4e48\u6ca1\u6709\u4ec0\u4e48\u6bd4\u957f\u671f\u5ffd\u89c6\u8fd9\u9879\u7814\u7a76\u66f4\u81ea\u7136\u3001\u66f4\u5bb9\u6613\u7406\u89e3\u7684\u4e86\u3002\u56e0\u4e3a\u6211\u4eec\u7684\u7eaf\u7cb9\u77e5\u8bc6\u4e2d\u6709\u4e00\u90e8\u5206\u2014\u2014\u6570\u5b66\u79d1\u5b66\u2014\u2014\u65e9\u5df2\u7262\u56fa\u786e\u7acb\uff0c\u8fd9\u4f7f\u6211\u4eec\u5bf9\u5176\u4ed6\u90e8\u5206\u4e5f\u62b1\u6709\u76f8\u540c\u7684\u671f\u5f85\uff0c\u5c3d\u7ba1\u5b83\u4eec\u53ef\u80fd\u6027\u8d28\u5b8c\u5168\u4e0d\u540c\u3002\u6b64\u5916\uff0c\u5f53\u6211\u4eec\u8d85\u8d8a\u7ecf\u9a8c\u7684\u754c\u9650\u65f6\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u5f53\u7136\u4e0d\u4f1a\u9047\u5230\u6765\u81ea\u7ecf\u9a8c\u65b9\u9762\u7684\u53cd\u5bf9\uff1b\u6269\u5c55\u77e5\u8bc6\u8303\u56f4\u7684\u9b45\u529b\u5982\u6b64\u4e4b\u5927\uff0c\u9664\u975e\u6211\u4eec\u9047\u5230\u67d0\u4e9b\u660e\u663e\u7684\u77db\u76fe\uff0c\u5426\u5219\u6211\u4eec\u4f1a\u6beb\u4e0d\u72b9\u8c6b\u5730\u7ee7\u7eed\u524d\u8fdb\u3002\u7136\u800c\uff0c\u5982\u679c\u6211\u4eec\u5728\u6784\u5efa\u865a\u6784\u65f6\u8db3\u591f\u8c28\u614e\uff0c\u5c31\u53ef\u4ee5\u907f\u514d\u8fd9\u79cd\u60c5\u51b5\uff0c\u5c3d\u7ba1\u8fd9\u4e9b\u865a\u6784\u4f9d\u7136\u662f\u865a\u6784\u3002<\/p>\n
  \u6570\u5b66\u79d1\u5b66\u4e3a\u6211\u4eec\u63d0\u4f9b\u4e86\u4e00\u4e2a\u8f89\u714c\u7684\u4f8b\u5b50\uff0c\u5c55\u793a\u4e86\u6211\u4eec\u53ef\u4ee5\u5728\u591a\u5927\u7a0b\u5ea6\u4e0a\u72ec\u7acb\u4e8e\u7ecf\u9a8c\u800c\u83b7\u5f97\u5148\u9a8c\u77e5\u8bc6\u3002\u8bda\u7136\uff0c\u6570\u5b66\u5bb6\u53ea\u5728\u5bf9\u8c61\u548c\u8ba4\u77e5\u53ef\u4ee5\u901a\u8fc7\u76f4\u89c2(intuition)\u8868\u793a\u7684\u8303\u56f4\u5185\u8fdb\u884c\u7814\u7a76\u3002\u4f46\u8fd9\u79cd\u60c5\u51b5\u5bb9\u6613\u88ab\u5ffd\u89c6\uff0c\u56e0\u4e3a\u6240\u8bf4\u7684\u76f4\u89c2\u672c\u8eab\u53ef\u4ee5\u5148\u9a8c\u5730\u7ed9\u51fa\uff0c\u56e0\u6b64\u51e0\u4e4e\u96be\u4ee5\u4e0e\u7eaf\u7cb9\u6982\u5ff5\u533a\u5206\u5f00\u6765\u3002\u88ab\u7406\u6027\u529b\u91cf\u7684\u8fd9\u79cd\u8bc1\u660e\u6240\u8ff7\u60d1\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u770b\u4e0d\u5230\u77e5\u8bc6\u6269\u5c55\u7684\u754c\u9650\u3002\u8f7b\u76c8\u7684\u9e3d\u5b50\u5728\u7a00\u8584\u7684\u7a7a\u6c14\u4e2d\u81ea\u7531\u98de\u7fd4\uff0c\u611f\u53d7\u5230\u7a7a\u6c14\u7684\u963b\u529b\uff0c\u5b83\u53ef\u80fd\u60f3\u8c61\u5728\u65e0\u7a7a\u6c14\u7684\u7a7a\u95f4\u4e2d\u8fd0\u52a8\u4f1a\u66f4\u52a0\u81ea\u7531\u548c\u8fc5\u901f\u3002\u540c\u6837\uff0c\u67cf\u62c9\u56fe(Plato)\u56e0\u4e3a\u611f\u6027\u4e16\u754c\u5bf9\u7406\u89e3\u529b\u8bbe\u7f6e\u4e86\u72ed\u7a84\u7684\u9650\u5236\u800c\u629b\u5f03\u5b83\uff0c\u5192\u9669\u7528\u7406\u5ff5\u4e4b\u7ffc\u98de\u5411\u7eaf\u7cb9\u77e5\u6027\u7684\u865a\u7a7a\u3002\u4ed6\u6ca1\u6709\u610f\u8bc6\u5230\u4ed6\u7684\u6240\u6709\u52aa\u529b\u90fd\u6ca1\u6709\u53d6\u5f97\u771f\u6b63\u7684\u8fdb\u5c55\uff1b\u56e0\u4e3a\u4ed6\u6ca1\u6709\u9047\u5230\u4efb\u4f55\u53ef\u4ee5\u4f5c\u4e3a\u652f\u6491\u7684\u963b\u529b\uff0c\u5728\u90a3\u91cc\u4ed6\u53ef\u4ee5\u65bd\u5c55\u529b\u91cf\uff0c\u8ba9\u77e5\u6027\u83b7\u5f97\u524d\u8fdb\u7684\u52a8\u529b\u3002<\/p>\n
  \u5728\u601d\u8fa8\u4e2d\uff0c\u4eba\u7c7b\u7406\u6027\u7684\u5171\u540c\u547d\u8fd0\u786e\u5b9e\u662f\u5c3d\u5feb\u5b8c\u6210\u4ee4\u4eba\u5370\u8c61\u6df1\u523b\u7684\u601d\u60f3\u5927\u53a6\uff0c\u7136\u540e\u624d\u5f00\u59cb\u68c0\u9a8c\u57fa\u7840\u662f\u5426\u7262\u56fa\u3002\u5230\u4e86\u8fd9\u4e00\u70b9\uff0c\u4eba\u4eec\u5bfb\u627e\u5404\u79cd\u501f\u53e3\u6765\u5b89\u6170\u81ea\u5df1\u57fa\u7840\u4e0d\u7a33\u56fa\u7684\u4e8b\u5b9e\uff0c\u6216\u8005\u66f4\u786e\u5207\u5730\u8bf4\uff0c\u4f7f\u6211\u4eec\u80fd\u591f\u5b8c\u5168\u907f\u514d\u5982\u6b64\u8fdf\u6765\u4e14\u5371\u9669\u7684\u8c03\u67e5\u3002\u4f46\u5728\u5efa\u9020\u8fc7\u7a0b\u4e2d\uff0c\u4f7f\u6211\u4eec\u514d\u4e8e\u6240\u6709\u7591\u8651\u6216\u6000\u7591\uff0c\u5e76\u8ba9\u6211\u4eec\u76f8\u4fe1\u5176\u7a33\u56fa\u6027\u7684\u662f\u8fd9\u6837\u4e00\u4e2a\u4e8b\u5b9e\uff1a\u6211\u4eec\u7406\u6027\u7684\u5f88\u5927\u4e00\u90e8\u5206\u5de5\u4f5c\uff0c\u4e5f\u8bb8\u662f\u6700\u5927\u7684\u90e8\u5206\uff0c\u5728\u4e8e\u5206\u6790\u6211\u4eec\u5df2\u7ecf\u62e5\u6709\u7684\u5bf9\u8c61\u6982\u5ff5\u3002\u901a\u8fc7\u8fd9\u79cd\u65b9\u5f0f\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u83b7\u5f97\u5927\u91cf\u8ba4\u77e5\uff0c\u5c3d\u7ba1\u8fd9\u4e9b\u5b9e\u9645\u4e0a\u4e0d\u8fc7\u662f\u5bf9\u6211\u4eec\u6982\u5ff5\u4e2d\u5df2\u7ecf\u5b58\u5728\u7684\u4e1c\u897f\uff08\u867d\u7136\u4ee5\u6df7\u4e71\u7684\u65b9\u5f0f\uff09\u7684\u9610\u660e\u6216\u89e3\u91ca\uff0c\u4f46\u81f3\u5c11\u5728\u5f62\u5f0f\u4e0a\u88ab\u89c6\u4e3a\u65b0\u7684\u6d1e\u5bdf\uff1b\u800c\u5c31\u5176\u6750\u6599\u6216\u5185\u5bb9\u800c\u8a00\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u5b9e\u9645\u4e0a\u5e76\u6ca1\u6709\u5bf9\u6982\u5ff5\u505a\u51fa\u4efb\u4f55\u6dfb\u52a0\uff0c\u53ea\u662f\u5c55\u5f00\u4e86\u5b83\u4eec\u3002\u4f46\u7531\u4e8e\u8fd9\u4e2a\u8fc7\u7a0b\u786e\u5b9e\u63d0\u4f9b\u4e86\u5177\u6709\u786e\u5b9a\u8fdb\u5c55\u548c\u6709\u7528\u7ed3\u679c\u7684\u771f\u6b63\u5148\u9a8c\u77e5\u8bc6\uff0c\u7406\u6027\u56e0\u6b64\u53d7\u5230\u6b3a\u9a97\uff0c\u4e0d\u77e5\u4e0d\u89c9\u5730\u5f15\u5165\u4e86\u5b8c\u5168\u4e0d\u540c\u7c7b\u578b\u7684\u65ad\u8a00\uff1b\u5728\u8fd9\u4e9b\u65ad\u8a00\u4e2d\uff0c\u5b83\u4e3a\u7ed9\u5b9a\u7684\u6982\u5ff5\u6dfb\u52a0\u4e86\u5176\u4ed6\u6982\u5ff5\uff0c\u786e\u5b9e\u662f\u5148\u9a8c\u7684\uff0c\u4f46\u4e0e\u539f\u6709\u6982\u5ff5\u5b8c\u5168\u65e0\u5173\uff0c\u800c\u6211\u4eec\u65e2\u4e0d\u77e5\u9053\u5b83\u662f\u5982\u4f55\u8fbe\u5230\u8fd9\u4e9b\u6982\u5ff5\u7684\uff0c\u751a\u81f3\u8fd9\u4e2a\u95ee\u9898\u90fd\u4ece\u672a\u51fa\u73b0\u8fc7\u3002\u56e0\u6b64\uff0c\u6211\u5c06\u7acb\u5373\u7740\u624b\u8003\u5bdf\u8fd9\u4e24\u79cd\u77e5\u8bc6\u6a21\u5f0f\u4e4b\u95f4\u7684\u5dee\u5f02\u3002<\/p>\n
Section IV<\/h2>\n
Of the Difference Between Analytical and Synthetical Judgements.<\/strong><\/p>\n
\u8bba\u5206\u6790\u5224\u65ad\u548c\u7efc\u5408\u5224\u65ad\u7684\u533a\u522b<\/strong><\/p>\n
  \u5728\u6240\u6709\u5224\u65ad\u4e2d\uff0c\u4e3b\u8bcd\u4e0e\u8c13\u8bcd\u7684\u5173\u7cfb\u90fd\u88ab\u601d\u8003\uff08\u8fd9\u91cc\u6211\u53ea\u63d0\u53ca\u80af\u5b9a\u5224\u65ad\uff1b\u5bf9\u5426\u5b9a\u5224\u65ad\u7684\u5e94\u7528\u5c06\u975e\u5e38\u7b80\u5355\uff09\uff0c\u8fd9\u79cd\u5173\u7cfb\u6709\u4e24\u79cd\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u53ef\u80fd\u65b9\u5f0f\u3002\u8981\u4e48\u8c13\u8bcdB\u5c5e\u4e8e\u4e3b\u8bcdA\uff0c\u4f5c\u4e3a\u67d0\u79cd\uff08\u867d\u7136\u9690\u542b\u5730\uff09\u5305\u542b\u5728\u6982\u5ff5A\u4e2d\u7684\u4e1c\u897f\uff1b\u8981\u4e48\u8c13\u8bcdB\u5b8c\u5168\u8d85\u51fa\u6982\u5ff5A\u4e4b\u5916\uff0c\u5c3d\u7ba1\u4e0e\u4e4b\u6709\u8054\u7cfb\u3002\u5728\u7b2c\u4e00\u79cd\u60c5\u51b5\u4e0b\uff0c\u6211\u79f0\u4e4b\u4e3a\u5206\u6790\u5224\u65ad(analytical judgements)\uff0c\u5728\u7b2c\u4e8c\u79cd\u60c5\u51b5\u4e0b\uff0c\u79f0\u4e4b\u4e3a\u7efc\u5408\u5224\u65ad(synthetical judgements)\u3002\u56e0\u6b64\uff0c\u5206\u6790\u5224\u65ad\uff08\u80af\u5b9a\u7684\uff09\u662f\u90a3\u4e9b\u901a\u8fc7\u540c\u4e00\u6027(identity)\u6765\u601d\u8003\u8c13\u8bcd\u4e0e\u4e3b\u8bcd\u8054\u7cfb\u7684\u5224\u65ad\uff1b\u800c\u90a3\u4e9b\u4e0d\u901a\u8fc7\u540c\u4e00\u6027\u6765\u601d\u8003\u8fd9\u79cd\u8054\u7cfb\u7684\u5224\u65ad\uff0c\u88ab\u79f0\u4e3a\u7efc\u5408\u5224\u65ad\u3002\u524d\u8005\u53ef\u4ee5\u88ab\u79f0\u4e3a\u8bf4\u660e\u6027\u5224\u65ad(explicative)\uff0c\u540e\u8005\u88ab\u79f0\u4e3a\u6269\u5145\u6027\u5224\u65ad(augmentative)\uff1b\u56e0\u4e3a\u524d\u8005\u5728\u8c13\u8bcd\u4e2d\u5e76\u672a\u7ed9\u4e3b\u8bcd\u7684\u6982\u5ff5\u589e\u52a0\u4efb\u4f55\u4e1c\u897f\uff0c\u800c\u53ea\u662f\u5c06\u5176\u5206\u6790\u4e3a\u5df2\u7ecf\u5305\u542b\u5728\u4e3b\u8bcd\u4e2d\u7684\u6784\u6210\u6982\u5ff5\uff0c\u5c3d\u7ba1\u8fd9\u4e9b\u6982\u5ff5\u539f\u672c\u4ee5\u6df7\u4e71\u7684\u65b9\u5f0f\u5b58\u5728\uff1b\u540e\u8005\u5219\u7ed9\u6211\u4eec\u7684\u4e3b\u8bcd\u6982\u5ff5\u589e\u52a0\u4e86\u4e00\u4e2a\u539f\u672c\u4e0d\u5305\u542b\u5728\u5176\u4e2d\u7684\u8c13\u8bcd\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e2a\u8c13\u8bcd\u901a\u8fc7\u4efb\u4f55\u5206\u6790\u90fd\u65e0\u6cd5\u5728\u5176\u4e2d\u53d1\u73b0\u3002\u4f8b\u5982\uff0c\u5f53\u6211\u8bf4"\u6240\u6709\u7269\u4f53\u90fd\u662f\u5e7f\u5ef6\u7684"\u65f6\uff0c\u8fd9\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u5206\u6790\u5224\u65ad\u3002\u56e0\u4e3a\u6211\u4e0d\u9700\u8981\u8d85\u51fa\u7269\u4f53\u7684\u6982\u5ff5\u5c31\u80fd\u53d1\u73b0\u4e0e\u4e4b\u76f8\u8fde\u7684\u5e7f\u5ef6\u6027\uff0c\u53ea\u9700\u5206\u6790\u8fd9\u4e2a\u6982\u5ff5\uff0c\u5373\u610f\u8bc6\u5230\u6211\u5728\u8be5\u6982\u5ff5\u4e2d\u6240\u601d\u8003\u7684\u591a\u6837\u5c5e\u6027\uff0c\u5c31\u80fd\u5728\u5176\u4e2d\u53d1\u73b0\u8fd9\u4e2a\u8c13\u8bcd\uff1a\u56e0\u6b64\u8fd9\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u5206\u6790\u5224\u65ad\u3002\u76f8\u53cd\uff0c\u5f53\u6211\u8bf4"\u6240\u6709\u7269\u4f53\u90fd\u6709\u91cd\u91cf"\u65f6\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e2a\u8c13\u8bcd\u4e0e\u6211\u5728\u5355\u7eaf\u7684\u7269\u4f53\u6982\u5ff5\u4e2d\u6240\u601d\u8003\u7684\u5b8c\u5168\u4e0d\u540c\u3002\u56e0\u6b64\uff0c\u901a\u8fc7\u6dfb\u52a0\u8fd9\u6837\u4e00\u4e2a\u8c13\u8bcd\uff0c\u5b83\u6210\u4e3a\u4e00\u4e2a\u7efc\u5408\u5224\u65ad\u3002<\/p>\n
  \u7ecf\u9a8c\u5224\u65ad\u672c\u8d28\u4e0a\u603b\u662f\u7efc\u5408\u7684\u3002\u56e0\u4e3a\u60f3\u8981\u628a\u5206\u6790\u5224\u65ad\u5efa\u7acb\u5728\u7ecf\u9a8c\u4e4b\u4e0a\u662f\u8352\u8c2c\u7684\uff0c\u56e0\u4e3a\u5728\u5f62\u6210\u8fd9\u79cd\u5224\u65ad\u65f6\uff0c\u6211\u4e0d\u9700\u8981\u8d85\u51fa\u6211\u7684\u6982\u5ff5\u8303\u56f4\uff0c\u56e0\u6b64\u6c42\u52a9\u4e8e\u7ecf\u9a8c\u7684\u8bc1\u8a00\u662f\u5b8c\u5168\u6ca1\u6709\u5fc5\u8981\u7684\u3002"\u7269\u4f53\u662f\u5e7f\u5ef6\u7684"\u4e0d\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u7ecf\u9a8c\u5224\u65ad\uff0c\u800c\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u5148\u9a8c(\u00e0 priori)\u6210\u7acb\u7684\u547d\u9898\u3002\u56e0\u4e3a\u5728\u8bc9\u8bf8\u7ecf\u9a8c\u4e4b\u524d\uff0c\u6211\u5728\u6211\u7684\u6982\u5ff5\u4e2d\u5df2\u7ecf\u62e5\u6709\u5224\u65ad\u6240\u9700\u7684\u6240\u6709\u6761\u4ef6\uff0c\u6211\u53ea\u9700\u8981\u6839\u636e\u77db\u76fe\u5f8b\u4ece\u6982\u5ff5\u4e2d\u63d0\u53d6\u8c13\u8bcd\uff0c\u540c\u65f6\u610f\u8bc6\u5230\u5224\u65ad\u7684\u5fc5\u7136\u6027\uff0c\u8fd9\u79cd\u5fc5\u7136\u6027\u6211\u6c38\u8fdc\u65e0\u6cd5\u4ece\u7ecf\u9a8c\u4e2d\u5b66\u5230\u3002\u53e6\u4e00\u65b9\u9762\uff0c\u5c3d\u7ba1\u8d77\u521d\u6211\u5b8c\u5168\u6ca1\u6709\u5728\u4e00\u822c\u7269\u4f53\u7684\u6982\u5ff5\u4e2d\u5305\u542b\u91cd\u91cf\u8fd9\u4e2a\u8c13\u8bcd\uff0c\u4f46\u8fd9\u4e2a\u6982\u5ff5\u4ecd\u7136\u6307\u5411\u7ecf\u9a8c\u7684\u4e00\u4e2a\u5bf9\u8c61\uff0c\u6307\u5411\u7ecf\u9a8c\u603b\u4f53\u7684\u4e00\u90e8\u5206\uff0c\u6211\u4ecd\u7136\u53ef\u4ee5\u5411\u5176\u6dfb\u52a0\u5176\u4ed6\u90e8\u5206\uff1b\u8fd9\u5c31\u662f\u5f53\u6211\u901a\u8fc7\u89c2\u5bdf\u8ba4\u8bc6\u5230\u7269\u4f53\u6709\u91cd\u91cf\u65f6\u6240\u505a\u7684\u3002\u6211\u53ef\u4ee5\u901a\u8fc7\u5206\u6790\u9884\u5148\u8ba4\u8bc6\u7269\u4f53\u6982\u5ff5\u4e2d\u7684\u5e7f\u5ef6\u6027\u3001\u4e0d\u53ef\u5165\u6027\u3001\u5f62\u72b6\u7b49\u7279\u5f81\uff0c\u6240\u6709\u8fd9\u4e9b\u90fd\u5728\u8fd9\u4e2a\u6982\u5ff5\u4e2d\u88ab\u601d\u8003\u3002\u4f46\u73b0\u5728\u6211\u6269\u5c55\u4e86\u6211\u7684\u77e5\u8bc6\uff0c\u56de\u987e\u6211\u4ece\u4e2d\u83b7\u5f97\u8fd9\u4e2a\u7269\u4f53\u6982\u5ff5\u7684\u7ecf\u9a8c\uff0c\u6211\u53d1\u73b0\u91cd\u91cf\u59cb\u7ec8\u4e0e\u4e0a\u8ff0\u7279\u5f81\u76f8\u8fde\uff0c\u56e0\u6b64\u6211\u7efc\u5408\u5730\u5c06\u8fd9\u4e2a\u8c13\u8bcd\u6dfb\u52a0\u5230\u6211\u7684\u6982\u5ff5\u4e2d\uff0c\u8bf4"\u6240\u6709\u7269\u4f53\u90fd\u6709\u91cd\u91cf"\u3002\u56e0\u6b64\uff0c\u6b63\u662f\u7ecf\u9a8c\u652f\u6491\u7740\u91cd\u91cf\u8c13\u8bcd\u4e0e\u7269\u4f53\u6982\u5ff5\u7684\u7efc\u5408\u53ef\u80fd\u6027\uff0c\u56e0\u4e3a\u867d\u7136\u8fd9\u4e24\u4e2a\u6982\u5ff5\u4e4b\u4e00\u5e76\u4e0d\u5305\u542b\u5728\u53e6\u4e00\u4e2a\u4e4b\u4e2d\uff0c\u4f46\u5b83\u4eec\u4ecd\u7136\u5c5e\u4e8e\u5f7c\u6b64\uff08\u53ea\u662f\u5076\u7136\u5730\uff09\uff0c\u4f5c\u4e3a\u6574\u4f53\u7684\u90e8\u5206\uff0c\u5373\u7ecf\u9a8c\u7684\u90e8\u5206\uff0c\u800c\u7ecf\u9a8c\u672c\u8eab\u5c31\u662f\u76f4\u89c2\u7684\u7efc\u5408\u3002<\/p>\n
  \u4f46\u5bf9\u4e8e\u5148\u9a8c\u7efc\u5408\u5224\u65ad(synthetical judgements \u00e0 priori)\u6765\u8bf4\uff0c\u8fd9\u79cd\u5e2e\u52a9\u5b8c\u5168\u7f3a\u5931\u3002\u5982\u679c\u6211\u8d85\u51fa\u6982\u5ff5A\uff0c\u4ee5\u8ba4\u8bc6\u4e0e\u4e4b\u76f8\u8fde\u7684\u53e6\u4e00\u4e2aB\uff0c\u6211\u80fd\u4f9d\u9760\u4ec0\u4e48\u57fa\u7840\u6765\u4f7f\u7efc\u5408\u6210\u4e3a\u53ef\u80fd\uff1f\u6211\u5728\u8fd9\u91cc\u4e0d\u518d\u5177\u6709\u5728\u7ecf\u9a8c\u9886\u57df\u4e2d\u5bfb\u627e\u6240\u9700\u5185\u5bb9\u7684\u4f18\u52bf\u3002\u8ba9\u6211\u4eec\u4ee5"\u53d1\u751f\u7684\u4e00\u5207\u90fd\u6709\u539f\u56e0"\u8fd9\u4e2a\u547d\u9898\u4e3a\u4f8b\u3002\u5728"\u67d0\u7269\u53d1\u751f"\u7684\u6982\u5ff5\u4e2d\uff0c\u6211\u786e\u5b9e\u601d\u8003\u5230\u4e00\u79cd\u5b58\u5728\u88ab\u67d0\u4e2a\u65f6\u95f4\u6240\u5148\u884c\uff0c\u4ece\u8fd9\u91cc\u6211\u53ef\u4ee5\u5f97\u51fa\u5206\u6790\u5224\u65ad\u3002\u4f46\u539f\u56e0\u7684\u6982\u5ff5\u5b8c\u5168\u8d85\u51fa\u4e0a\u8ff0\u6982\u5ff5\u4e4b\u5916\uff0c\u8868\u793a\u67d0\u79cd\u4e0e"\u53d1\u751f\u7684\u4e8b\u7269"\u5b8c\u5168\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u4e1c\u897f\uff0c\u56e0\u6b64\u4e0d\u5305\u542b\u5728\u90a3\u4e2a\u6982\u5ff5\u4e2d\u3002\u90a3\u4e48\u6211\u5982\u4f55\u80fd\u591f\u65ad\u8a00\u5173\u4e8e"\u53d1\u751f\u7684\u4e8b\u7269"\u8fd9\u4e2a\u4e00\u822c\u6982\u5ff5\u7684\u67d0\u79cd\u5b8c\u5168\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u4e1c\u897f\uff0c\u5e76\u8ba4\u8bc6\u5230\u539f\u56e0\u7684\u6982\u5ff5\u867d\u7136\u4e0d\u5305\u542b\u5728\u5176\u4e2d\uff0c\u5374\u5c5e\u4e8e\u5b83\uff0c\u800c\u4e14\u662f\u5fc5\u7136\u5c5e\u4e8e\u5b83\u5462\uff1f\u8fd9\u91cc\u7684\u672a\u77e5\u6570X\u662f\u4ec0\u4e48\uff0c\u7406\u89e3\u529b\u5728\u76f8\u4fe1\u5b83\u5df2\u7ecf\u4ece\u6982\u5ff5A\u4e2d\u627e\u5230\u4e00\u4e2a\u5916\u6765\u8c13\u8bcdB\u65f6\uff0c\u867d\u7136\u8ba4\u4e3aB\u4e0eA\u76f8\u8fde\uff0c\u5374\u4f9d\u8d56\u4e8e\u4ec0\u4e48\u5462\uff1f\u8fd9\u4e0d\u53ef\u80fd\u662f\u7ecf\u9a8c\uff0c\u56e0\u4e3a\u6240\u63d0\u51fa\u7684\u539f\u7406\u5c06\u539f\u56e0\u548c\u7ed3\u679c\u8fd9\u4e24\u4e2a\u8868\u8c61\u4e0e\u5b58\u5728\u8868\u8c61\u8054\u7cfb\u8d77\u6765\uff0c\u4e0d\u4ec5\u5177\u6709\u7ecf\u9a8c\u6240\u4e0d\u80fd\u7ed9\u4e88\u7684\u666e\u904d\u6027\uff0c\u800c\u4e14\u8fd8\u5177\u6709\u5fc5\u7136\u6027\u7684\u8868\u8fbe\uff0c\u56e0\u6b64\u5b8c\u5168\u662f\u5148\u9a8c\u7684\uff0c\u6765\u81ea\u7eaf\u7cb9\u6982\u5ff5\u3002\u6211\u4eec\u7684\u5148\u9a8c\u601d\u8fa8\u77e5\u8bc6\u7684\u5168\u90e8\u76ee\u6807\u90fd\u4f9d\u8d56\u4e8e\u8fd9\u6837\u7684\u7efc\u5408\u7684\u3001\u5373\u6269\u5145\u6027\u547d\u9898\uff1b\u56e0\u4e3a\u867d\u7136\u5206\u6790\u5224\u65ad\u786e\u5b9e\u975e\u5e38\u91cd\u8981\u548c\u5fc5\u8981\uff0c\u4f46\u5b83\u4eec\u4e4b\u6240\u4ee5\u5982\u6b64\uff0c\u4ec5\u4ec5\u662f\u4e3a\u4e86\u8fbe\u5230\u90a3\u79cd\u5bf9\u786e\u5b9a\u548c\u6269\u5c55\u7684\u7efc\u5408\u6240\u5fc5\u9700\u7684\u6982\u5ff5\u6e05\u6670\u6027\uff0c\u800c\u53ea\u6709\u8fd9\u79cd\u7efc\u5408\u624d\u662f\u771f\u6b63\u7684\u83b7\u5f97\u3002<\/p>\n
Section V<\/h2>\n
In all Theoretical Sciences of Reason, Synthetical Judgements \u201c\u00e0 priori\u201d are contained as Principles.<\/strong><\/p>\n
\u5728\u7406\u6027\u7684\u6240\u6709\u7406\u8bba\u79d1\u5b66\u4e2d\uff0c\u5148\u9a8c\u7efc\u5408\u5224\u65ad\u4f5c\u4e3a\u539f\u7406\u800c\u5b58\u5728<\/strong><\/p>\n
  1. \u6570\u5b66\u5224\u65ad\u603b\u662f\u7efc\u5408\u7684\u3002\u8fd9\u4e2a\u65e0\u53ef\u4e89\u8bae\u4e14\u5728\u5176\u7ed3\u679c\u4e0a\u6781\u5176\u91cd\u8981\u7684\u4e8b\u5b9e\uff0c\u4f3c\u4e4e\u4e00\u76f4\u88ab\u4eba\u7c7b\u5fc3\u667a\u7684\u5206\u6790\u8005\u4eec\u6240\u5ffd\u89c6\uff0c\u751a\u81f3\u4e0e\u4ed6\u4eec\u6240\u6709\u7684\u63a8\u6d4b\u5b8c\u5168\u5bf9\u7acb\u3002\u56e0\u4e3a\u5f53\u4eba\u4eec\u53d1\u73b0\u6240\u6709\u6570\u5b66\u7ed3\u8bba\u90fd\u9075\u5faa\u77db\u76fe\u5f8b\uff08\u8fd9\u662f\u4efb\u4f55\u5fc5\u7136\u786e\u5b9a\u6027\u7684\u672c\u8d28\u6240\u8981\u6c42\u7684\uff09\uff0c\u4eba\u4eec\u5c31\u76f8\u4fe1\u8be5\u79d1\u5b66\u7684\u57fa\u672c\u539f\u7406\u4e5f\u4ee5\u540c\u6837\u65b9\u5f0f\u88ab\u8ba4\u8bc6\u548c\u63a5\u53d7\u3002\u4f46\u8fd9\u79cd\u89c2\u5ff5\u662f\u8c2c\u8bef\u7684\uff1b\u56e0\u4e3a\u5c3d\u7ba1\u7efc\u5408\u547d\u9898\u786e\u5b9e\u53ef\u4ee5\u901a\u8fc7\u77db\u76fe\u5f8b\u6765\u8fa8\u8bc6\uff0c\u4f46\u8fd9\u53ea\u6709\u5728\u53e6\u4e00\u4e2a\u7efc\u5408\u547d\u9898\u5148\u884c\uff0c\u540e\u8005\u4ece\u524d\u8005\u63a8\u5bfc\u51fa\u6765\u65f6\u624d\u53ef\u80fd\uff0c\u800c\u7edd\u975e\u81ea\u8eab\u5c31\u80fd\u505a\u5230\u3002<\/p>\n
  \u9996\u5148\u8981\u6ce8\u610f\u7684\u662f\uff0c\u771f\u6b63\u7684\u6570\u5b66\u547d\u9898\u603b\u662f\u5148\u9a8c\u5224\u65ad(judgements \u00e0 priori)\uff0c\u800c\u975e\u7ecf\u9a8c\u7684\uff0c\u56e0\u4e3a\u5b83\u4eec\u5e26\u6709\u5fc5\u7136\u6027\u7684\u6982\u5ff5\uff0c\u8fd9\u662f\u7ecf\u9a8c\u6240\u4e0d\u80fd\u7ed9\u4e88\u7684\u3002\u5982\u679c\u6709\u4eba\u5bf9\u6b64\u8868\u793a\u6000\u7591\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e5f\u65e0\u5173\u7d27\u8981\uff1b\u6211\u4f1a\u5c06\u6211\u7684\u8bba\u65ad\u9650\u5b9a\u5728\u7eaf\u7cb9\u6570\u5b66\u4e0a\uff0c\u5176\u6982\u5ff5\u672c\u8eab\u5c31\u610f\u5473\u7740\u5b83\u5b8c\u5168\u7531\u975e\u7ecf\u9a8c\u7684\u548c\u5148\u9a8c\u7684\u77e5\u8bc6\u6784\u6210\u3002<\/p>\n
  \u6211\u4eec\u6700\u521d\u53ef\u80fd\u4f1a\u8ba4\u4e3a$7 + 5 = 12$\u8fd9\u4e2a\u547d\u9898\u4ec5\u4ec5\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u5206\u6790\u547d\u9898\uff0c\uff08\u6839\u636e\u77db\u76fe\u5f8b\uff09\u4ece\u4e03\u4e0e\u4e94\u4e4b\u548c\u7684\u6982\u5ff5\u63a8\u5bfc\u51fa\u6765\u3002\u4f46\u5982\u679c\u6211\u4eec\u66f4\u4ed4\u7ec6\u5730\u8003\u5bdf\uff0c\u5c31\u4f1a\u53d1\u73b0\u6211\u4eec\u5bf9\u4e03\u4e0e\u4e94\u4e4b\u548c\u7684\u6982\u5ff5\u6240\u5305\u542b\u7684\u4ec5\u4ec5\u662f\u5c06\u4e24\u4e2a\u6570\u5408\u800c\u4e3a\u4e00\uff0c\u4f46\u901a\u8fc7\u8fd9\u79cd\u65b9\u5f0f\u5b8c\u5168\u65e0\u6cd5\u601d\u8003\u51fa\u8fd9\u4e2a\u5305\u542b\u4e24\u8005\u7684\u5355\u4e00\u6570\u5b57\u662f\u4ec0\u4e48\u3002\u5341\u4e8c\u7684\u6982\u5ff5\u7edd\u4e0d\u662f\u4ec5\u4ec5\u901a\u8fc7\u601d\u8003\u4e03\u4e0e\u4e94\u7684\u7ed3\u5408\u800c\u83b7\u5f97\u7684\uff1b\u6211\u4eec\u53ef\u4ee5\u5c3d\u53ef\u80fd\u957f\u65f6\u95f4\u5730\u5206\u6790\u8fd9\u79cd\u53ef\u80fd\u7684\u548c\u7684\u6982\u5ff5\uff0c\u4f46\u6c38\u8fdc\u4e0d\u4f1a\u5728\u5176\u4e2d\u53d1\u73b0\u5341\u4e8c\u7684\u6982\u5ff5\u3002\u6211\u4eec\u5fc5\u987b\u8d85\u8d8a\u8fd9\u4e9b\u6982\u5ff5\uff0c\u6c42\u52a9\u4e8e\u4e0e\u5176\u4e2d\u4e00\u4e2a\u76f8\u5bf9\u5e94\u7684\u76f4\u89c2(intuition)\u2014\u2014\u4f8b\u5982\u6211\u4eec\u7684\u4e94\u4e2a\u624b\u6307\uff0c\u6216\u8005\u50cf\u585e\u683c\u7eb3(Segner)\u5728\u4ed6\u7684\u7b97\u672f\u4e2d\u4f7f\u7528\u7684\u4e94\u4e2a\u70b9\uff0c\u7136\u540e\u9010\u6b65\u5c06\u76f4\u89c2\u4e2d\u6240\u542b\u7684\u5355\u4f4d\u52a0\u5230\u4e03\u7684\u6982\u5ff5\u4e0a\u3002\u56e0\u4e3a\u6211\u9996\u5148\u53d6\u6570$7$\uff0c\u7136\u540e\u4e3a\u4e86$5$\u7684\u6982\u5ff5\uff0c\u501f\u52a9\u4e8e\u6211\u7684\u624b\u6307\u4f5c\u4e3a\u76f4\u89c2\u5bf9\u8c61\uff0c\u6211\u9010\u6e10\u901a\u8fc7\u6211\u7684\u624b\u8fd9\u4e2a\u7269\u8d28\u56fe\u50cf\uff0c\u5c06\u5148\u524d\u6784\u6210\u6570$5$\u7684\u5355\u4f4d\u52a0\u5230\u6570$7$\u4e0a\uff0c\u901a\u8fc7\u8fd9\u4e2a\u8fc7\u7a0b\uff0c\u6211\u6700\u7ec8\u770b\u5230\u6570$12$\u7684\u4ea7\u751f\u3002\u5728$7+5$\u4e4b\u548c\u7684\u6982\u5ff5\u4e2d\uff0c\u6211\u786e\u5b9e\u601d\u8003\u5230\u4e86$7$\u5e94\u8be5\u52a0\u4e0a$5$\uff0c\u4f46\u6ca1\u6709\u601d\u8003\u5230\u8fd9\u4e2a\u548c\u7b49\u4e8e$12$\u3002\u56e0\u6b64\u7b97\u672f\u547d\u9898\u603b\u662f\u7efc\u5408\u7684\uff0c\u5bf9\u6b64\u6211\u4eec\u53ef\u4ee5\u901a\u8fc7\u5c1d\u8bd5\u66f4\u5927\u7684\u6570\u5b57\u800c\u66f4\u6e05\u695a\u5730\u786e\u4fe1\u3002\u56e0\u4e3a\u8fd9\u5c06\u4f7f\u6211\u4eec\u5b8c\u5168\u660e\u767d\uff0c\u65e0\u8bba\u6211\u4eec\u5982\u4f55\u8f6c\u6362\u548c\u626d\u66f2\u6211\u4eec\u7684\u6982\u5ff5\uff0c\u5982\u679c\u4e0d\u501f\u52a9\u76f4\u89c2\uff0c\u4ec5\u4ec5\u901a\u8fc7\u5206\u6790\u6211\u4eec\u7684\u6982\u5ff5\u662f\u4e0d\u53ef\u80fd\u8fbe\u5230\u603b\u548c\u6216\u79ef\u7684\u3002<\/p>\n
  \u7eaf\u7cb9\u51e0\u4f55\u5b66\u7684\u4efb\u4f55\u539f\u7406\u4e5f\u90fd\u4e0d\u662f\u5206\u6790\u7684\u3002"\u4e24\u70b9\u4e4b\u95f4\u76f4\u7ebf\u662f\u6700\u77ed\u7684"\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u7efc\u5408\u547d\u9898\u3002\u56e0\u4e3a\u6211\u7684\u76f4\u7ebf\u6982\u5ff5\u4e0d\u5305\u542b\u4efb\u4f55\u91cf\u7684\u6982\u5ff5\uff0c\u800c\u4ec5\u4ec5\u662f\u6027\u8d28\u7684\u3002\u56e0\u6b64\u6700\u77ed\u7684\u6982\u5ff5\u5b8c\u5168\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u9644\u52a0\u7269\uff0c\u901a\u8fc7\u4efb\u4f55\u5206\u6790\u90fd\u65e0\u6cd5\u4ece\u6211\u4eec\u7684\u76f4\u7ebf\u6982\u5ff5\u4e2d\u63d0\u53d6\u51fa\u6765\u3002\u56e0\u6b64\u8fd9\u91cc\u5fc5\u987b\u501f\u52a9\u76f4\u89c2\uff0c\u53ea\u6709\u901a\u8fc7\u76f4\u89c2\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u7684\u7efc\u5408\u624d\u6210\u4e3a\u53ef\u80fd\u3002<\/p>\n
  \u51e0\u4f55\u5b66\u5bb6\u9884\u8bbe\u7684\u4e00\u4e9b\u539f\u7406\u786e\u5b9e\u662f\u5206\u6790\u7684\uff0c\u4f9d\u8d56\u4e8e\u77db\u76fe\u5f8b\u3002\u7136\u800c\uff0c\u5b83\u4eec\u50cf\u540c\u4e00\u547d\u9898\u4e00\u6837\uff0c\u53ea\u662f\u4f5c\u4e3a\u65b9\u6cd5\u94fe\u6761\u4e2d\u7684\u73af\u8282\uff0c\u800c\u4e0d\u662f\u4f5c\u4e3a\u539f\u7406\u2014\u2014\u4f8b\u5982\uff0c$a = a$\uff0c\u6574\u4f53\u7b49\u4e8e\u5176\u81ea\u8eab\uff0c\u6216$(a+b) > a$\uff0c\u6574\u4f53\u5927\u4e8e\u5176\u90e8\u5206\u3002\u7136\u800c\u5373\u4f7f\u8fd9\u4e9b\u539f\u7406\u672c\u8eab\uff0c\u5c3d\u7ba1\u5b83\u4eec\u7684\u6709\u6548\u6027\u6765\u81ea\u7eaf\u7cb9\u6982\u5ff5\uff0c\u4e5f\u53ea\u6709\u5728\u80fd\u591f\u5728\u76f4\u89c2\u4e2d\u5448\u73b0\u65f6\u624d\u88ab\u6570\u5b66\u63a5\u53d7\u3002\u8fd9\u91cc\u4f7f\u6211\u4eec\u901a\u5e38\u76f8\u4fe1\u8fd9\u79cd\u5fc5\u7136\u5224\u65ad\u7684\u8c13\u8bcd\u5df2\u7ecf\u5305\u542b\u5728\u6211\u4eec\u7684\u6982\u5ff5\u4e2d\uff0c\u56e0\u800c\u5224\u65ad\u662f\u5206\u6790\u7684\uff0c\u4ec5\u4ec5\u662f\u8868\u8fbe\u7684\u6a21\u7cca\u6027\u8d28\u3002\u6211\u4eec\u5fc5\u987b\u5728\u601d\u7ef4\u4e2d\u5c06\u67d0\u4e2a\u8c13\u8bcd\u4e0e\u7ed9\u5b9a\u6982\u5ff5\u7ed3\u5408\uff0c\u8fd9\u79cd\u5fc5\u7136\u6027\u5df2\u7ecf\u9644\u7740\u4e8e\u6982\u5ff5\u3002\u4f46\u95ee\u9898\u4e0d\u5728\u4e8e\u6211\u4eec\u5fc5\u987b\u5728\u601d\u7ef4\u4e2d\u5c06\u4ec0\u4e48\u4e0e\u7ed9\u5b9a\u6982\u5ff5\u7ed3\u5408\uff0c\u800c\u5728\u4e8e\u6211\u4eec\u5b9e\u9645\u4e0a\u5728\u5176\u4e2d\u601d\u8003\u4ec0\u4e48\uff0c\u5c3d\u7ba1\u53ea\u662f\u6a21\u7cca\u5730\uff0c\u7136\u540e\u5c31\u4f1a\u663e\u660e\u8c13\u8bcd\u786e\u5b9e\u5fc5\u7136\u5c5e\u4e8e\u8fd9\u4e9b\u6982\u5ff5\uff0c\u4f46\u4e0d\u662f\u4f5c\u4e3a\u6982\u5ff5\u672c\u8eab\u4e2d\u88ab\u601d\u8003\u7684\u4e1c\u897f\uff0c\u800c\u662f\u901a\u8fc7\u5fc5\u987b\u6dfb\u52a0\u5230\u6982\u5ff5\u4e2d\u7684\u76f4\u89c2\u7684\u529b\u91cf\u3002<\/p>\n
  2. \u81ea\u7136\u54f2\u5b66\uff08\u7269\u7406\u5b66\uff09\u79d1\u5b66\u672c\u8eab\u5305\u542b\u5148\u9a8c\u7efc\u5408\u5224\u65ad\u4f5c\u4e3a\u539f\u7406\u3002\u6211\u5c06\u4e3e\u51fa\u4e24\u4e2a\u547d\u9898\u3002\u4f8b\u5982\uff0c"\u5728\u7269\u8d28\u4e16\u754c\u7684\u6240\u6709\u53d8\u5316\u4e2d\uff0c\u7269\u8d28\u7684\u91cf\u4fdd\u6301\u4e0d\u53d8"\uff1b\u6216\u8005\uff0c"\u5728\u6240\u6709\u8fd0\u52a8\u7684\u4f20\u9012\u4e2d\uff0c\u4f5c\u7528\u548c\u53cd\u4f5c\u7528\u5fc5\u987b\u59cb\u7ec8\u76f8\u7b49"\u3002\u5728\u8fd9\u4e24\u4e2a\u547d\u9898\u4e2d\uff0c\u4e0d\u4ec5\u5fc5\u7136\u6027\u4ee5\u53ca\u7531\u6b64\u4ea7\u751f\u7684\u5148\u9a8c\u8d77\u6e90\u662f\u6e05\u695a\u7684\uff0c\u800c\u4e14\u5b83\u4eec\u4e5f\u662f\u7efc\u5408\u547d\u9898\u3002\u56e0\u4e3a\u5728\u7269\u8d28\u7684\u6982\u5ff5\u4e2d\uff0c\u6211\u5e76\u4e0d\u601d\u8003\u5b83\u7684\u6c38\u6052\u6027\uff0c\u800c\u4ec5\u4ec5\u601d\u8003\u5b83\u5728\u6240\u5360\u636e\u7684\u7a7a\u95f4\u4e2d\u7684\u5b58\u5728\u3002\u56e0\u6b64\uff0c\u6211\u786e\u5b9e\u8d85\u51fa\u5e76\u8d85\u8d8a\u4e86\u7269\u8d28\u7684\u6982\u5ff5\uff0c\u4ee5\u4fbf\u5148\u9a8c\u5730\u601d\u8003\u67d0\u79cd\u6211\u539f\u672c\u6ca1\u6709\u5728\u5176\u4e2d\u601d\u8003\u7684\u4e1c\u897f\u3002\u56e0\u6b64\u8fd9\u4e2a\u547d\u9898\u4e0d\u662f\u5206\u6790\u7684\uff0c\u800c\u662f\u7efc\u5408\u7684\uff0c\u7136\u800c\u5374\u662f\u5148\u9a8c\u6784\u60f3\u7684\uff1b\u5173\u4e8e\u81ea\u7136\u54f2\u5b66\u7eaf\u7cb9\u90e8\u5206\u7684\u5176\u4ed6\u547d\u9898\u4e5f\u662f\u5982\u6b64\u3002<\/p>\n
  3. \u81f3\u4e8e\u5f62\u800c\u4e0a\u5b66\uff0c\u5373\u4f7f\u6211\u4eec\u4ec5\u4ec5\u5c06\u5176\u89c6\u4e3a\u4e00\u95e8\u5c1d\u8bd5\u6027\u7684\u79d1\u5b66\uff0c\u7136\u800c\u7531\u4e8e\u4eba\u7c7b\u7406\u6027\u7684\u672c\u6027\uff0c\u5b83\u662f\u4e0d\u53ef\u6216\u7f3a\u7684\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u53d1\u73b0\u5b83\u5fc5\u987b\u5305\u542b\u5148\u9a8c\u7efc\u5408\u547d\u9898\u3002\u5f62\u800c\u4e0a\u5b66\u7684\u804c\u8d23\u4e0d\u4ec5\u4ec5\u662f\u5206\u89e3\u5e76\u7531\u6b64\u5206\u6790\u5730\u9610\u660e\u6211\u4eec\u5bf9\u4e8b\u7269\u5f62\u6210\u7684\u5148\u9a8c\u6982\u5ff5\uff1b\u6211\u4eec\u8fd8\u5bfb\u6c42\u6269\u5c55\u6211\u4eec\u7684\u5148\u9a8c\u77e5\u8bc6\u8303\u56f4\u3002\u4e3a\u6b64\u76ee\u7684\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u5fc5\u987b\u5229\u7528\u80fd\u591f\u4e3a\u539f\u59cb\u6982\u5ff5\u6dfb\u52a0\u67d0\u4e9b\u4e1c\u897f\u7684\u539f\u7406\u2014\u2014\u8fd9\u4e9b\u4e1c\u897f\u4e0e\u4e4b\u65e2\u4e0d\u540c\u4e00\u4e5f\u4e0d\u5305\u542b\u5728\u5176\u4e2d\uff0c\u5e76\u4e14\u901a\u8fc7\u5148\u9a8c\u7efc\u5408\u5224\u65ad\uff0c\u8fdc\u8fdc\u8d85\u51fa\u7ecf\u9a8c\u7684\u9650\u5236\uff1b\u4f8b\u5982\uff0c\u5728"\u4e16\u754c\u5fc5\u987b\u6709\u4e00\u4e2a\u5f00\u7aef"\u8fd9\u6837\u7684\u547d\u9898\u4e2d\u3002\u56e0\u6b64\uff0c\u6839\u636e\u79d1\u5b66\u7684\u9002\u5f53\u76ee\u6807\uff0c\u5f62\u800c\u4e0a\u5b66\u4ec5\u4ec5\u7531\u5148\u9a8c\u7efc\u5408\u547d\u9898\u6784\u6210\u3002<\/p>\n
Section VI<\/h2>\n
The Universal Problem of Pure Reason.<\/strong><\/p>\n
\u7eaf\u7cb9\u7406\u6027\u7684\u666e\u904d\u95ee\u9898<\/strong><\/p>\n
  \u80fd\u591f\u5c06\u591a\u9879\u7814\u7a76\u5f52\u7ed3\u4e3a\u5355\u4e00\u95ee\u9898\u7684\u516c\u5f0f\u662f\u6781\u5176\u6709\u5229\u7684\u3002\u56e0\u4e3a\u901a\u8fc7\u8fd9\u79cd\u65b9\u5f0f\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u4e0d\u4ec5\u4fbf\u5229\u4e86\u81ea\u5df1\u7684\u5de5\u4f5c\uff0c\u56e0\u4e3a\u6211\u4eec\u6e05\u695a\u5730\u754c\u5b9a\u4e86\u5b83\uff0c\u800c\u4e14\u4e5f\u4f7f\u4ed6\u4eba\u66f4\u5bb9\u6613\u5224\u65ad\u6211\u4eec\u662f\u5426\u5b8c\u6210\u4e86\u6211\u4eec\u7684\u4efb\u52a1\u3002\u90a3\u4e48\uff0c\u7eaf\u7cb9\u7406\u6027\u7684\u771f\u6b63\u95ee\u9898\u5305\u542b\u5728\u8fd9\u4e2a\u95ee\u9898\u4e2d\uff1a"\u5148\u9a8c\u7efc\u5408\u5224\u65ad(synthetical judgements \u00e0 priori)\u5982\u4f55\u53ef\u80fd\uff1f"<\/p>\n
  \u5f62\u800c\u4e0a\u5b66\u79d1\u5b66\u8fc4\u4eca\u4ecd\u5904\u4e8e\u5982\u6b64\u6447\u6446\u4e0d\u5b9a\u7684\u4e0d\u786e\u5b9a\u548c\u77db\u76fe\u72b6\u6001\uff0c\u8fd9\u53ea\u80fd\u5f52\u56e0\u4e8e\u8fd9\u4e2a\u91cd\u5927\u95ee\u9898\uff0c\u4e5f\u8bb8\u751a\u81f3\u5206\u6790\u5224\u65ad\u548c\u7efc\u5408\u5224\u65ad\u4e4b\u95f4\u7684\u533a\u522b\uff0c\u6ca1\u6709\u66f4\u65e9\u5730\u5411\u54f2\u5b66\u5bb6\u4eec\u63d0\u51fa\u3002\u5f62\u800c\u4e0a\u5b66\u79d1\u5b66\u7684\u5b58\u5728\u6216\u8870\u843d\u53d6\u51b3\u4e8e\u8fd9\u4e2a\u95ee\u9898\u7684\u89e3\u51b3\uff0c\u6216\u8005\u53d6\u51b3\u4e8e\u5bf9\u5148\u9a8c\u7efc\u5408\u77e5\u8bc6\u4e0d\u53ef\u80fd\u6027\u7684\u5145\u5206\u8bc1\u660e\u3002\u5728\u54f2\u5b66\u5bb6\u4e2d\uff0c\u5927\u536b\u00b7\u4f11\u8c1f(David Hume)\u6700\u63a5\u8fd1\u8fd9\u4e2a\u95ee\u9898\uff1b\u7136\u800c\u5728\u4ed6\u7684\u5934\u8111\u4e2d\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e2a\u95ee\u9898\u4ece\u672a\u83b7\u5f97\u8db3\u591f\u7684\u7cbe\u786e\u6027\uff0c\u4ed6\u4e5f\u6ca1\u6709\u5728\u5176\u666e\u904d\u6027\u4e2d\u8003\u8651\u8fd9\u4e2a\u95ee\u9898\u3002\u76f8\u53cd\uff0c\u4ed6\u6b62\u6b65\u4e8e\u7ed3\u679c\u4e0e\u5176\u539f\u56e0\u7684\u7efc\u5408\u547d\u9898\uff08\u56e0\u679c\u5f8b\uff0cprincipium causalitatis\uff09\uff0c\u575a\u6301\u8ba4\u4e3a\u8fd9\u6837\u7684\u5148\u9a8c\u547d\u9898\u662f\u4e0d\u53ef\u80fd\u7684\u3002\u6839\u636e\u4ed6\u7684\u7ed3\u8bba\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u79f0\u4e4b\u4e3a\u5f62\u800c\u4e0a\u5b66\u79d1\u5b66\u7684\u4e00\u5207\u90fd\u53ea\u662f\u4e00\u79cd\u9519\u89c9\uff0c\u6e90\u4e8e\u7406\u6027\u5bf9\u5b9e\u9645\u4e0a\u4ece\u7ecf\u9a8c\u4e2d\u501f\u6765\u7684\u4e1c\u897f\u7684\u81c6\u60f3\u6d1e\u5bdf\uff0c\u800c\u4e60\u60ef\u7ed9\u4e88\u4e86\u5b83\u5fc5\u7136\u6027\u7684\u8868\u8c61\u3002\u5982\u679c\u4ed6\u80fd\u4ee5\u5176\u666e\u904d\u6027\u770b\u5230\u6211\u4eec\u7684\u95ee\u9898\uff0c\u4ed6\u5c31\u4f1a\u907f\u514d\u8fd9\u79cd\u5bf9\u6240\u6709\u7eaf\u7cb9\u54f2\u5b66\u90fd\u5177\u6709\u7834\u574f\u6027\u7684\u4e3b\u5f20\u3002\u56e0\u4e3a\u4ed6\u5c31\u4f1a\u53d1\u73b0\uff0c\u6839\u636e\u4ed6\u81ea\u5df1\u7684\u8bba\u8bc1\uff0c\u540c\u6837\u4e5f\u4e0d\u53ef\u80fd\u6709\u7eaf\u7cb9\u6570\u5b66\u79d1\u5b66\uff0c\u800c\u8fd9\u65e0\u7591\u4e0d\u80fd\u6ca1\u6709\u5148\u9a8c\u7efc\u5408\u547d\u9898\u2014\u2014\u8fd9\u79cd\u8352\u8c2c\u6027\u4ed6\u7684\u826f\u597d\u7406\u89e3\u529b\u672c\u5e94\u8be5\u4f7f\u4ed6\u907f\u514d\u3002<\/p>\n
  \u5728\u4e0a\u8ff0\u95ee\u9898\u7684\u89e3\u51b3\u4e2d\uff0c\u540c\u65f6\u5305\u542b\u4e86\u7eaf\u7cb9\u7406\u6027\u5728\u6240\u6709\u5305\u542b\u5bf9\u8c61\u7684\u5148\u9a8c\u7406\u8bba\u77e5\u8bc6\u7684\u79d1\u5b66\u7684\u57fa\u7840\u548c\u6784\u5efa\u4e2d\u7684\u4f7f\u7528\u53ef\u80fd\u6027\uff0c\u4e5f\u5c31\u662f\u8bf4\uff0c\u5bf9\u4ee5\u4e0b\u95ee\u9898\u7684\u56de\u7b54\uff1a<\/p>\n
    \n
  1. \u7eaf\u7cb9\u6570\u5b66\u79d1\u5b66\u5982\u4f55\u53ef\u80fd\uff1f<\/li>\n
  2. \u7eaf\u7cb9\u81ea\u7136\u79d1\u5b66\u5982\u4f55\u53ef\u80fd\uff1f<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n
      \u5173\u4e8e\u8fd9\u4e9b\u79d1\u5b66\uff0c\u7531\u4e8e\u5b83\u4eec\u786e\u5b9e\u5b58\u5728\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u9002\u5f53\u5730\u95ee\u5b83\u4eec\u5982\u4f55\u53ef\u80fd\uff1f\u2014\u2014\u56e0\u4e3a\u5b83\u4eec\u5fc5\u987b\u662f\u53ef\u80fd\u7684\uff0c\u8fd9\u7531\u5b83\u4eec\u5b9e\u9645\u5b58\u5728\u7684\u4e8b\u5b9e\u6240\u8868\u660e\u3002[9] \u4f46\u81f3\u4e8e\u5f62\u800c\u4e0a\u5b66\uff0c\u5b83\u8fc4\u4eca\u4e3a\u6b62\u6240\u53d6\u5f97\u7684\u53ef\u601c\u8fdb\u5c55\uff0c\u4ee5\u53ca\u5c31\u5176\u771f\u6b63\u76ee\u6807\u800c\u8a00\uff0c\u8fd8\u4e0d\u80fd\u8bf4\u4efb\u4f55\u4e00\u4e2a\u5df2\u7ecf\u63d0\u51fa\u7684\u4f53\u7cfb\u4f7f\u8fd9\u95e8\u79d1\u5b66\u771f\u6b63\u5b58\u5728\u7684\u4e8b\u5b9e\uff0c\u8ba9\u4efb\u4f55\u4eba\u90fd\u6709\u7406\u7531\u6000\u7591\u5176\u5b58\u5728\u7684\u53ef\u80fd\u6027\u3002<\/p>\n
    \n
    [9] \u5173\u4e8e\u7eaf\u7cb9\u81ea\u7136\u79d1\u5b66\u6216\u7269\u7406\u5b66\u7684\u5b58\u5728\uff0c\u4e5f\u8bb8\u8bb8\u591a\u4eba\u4ecd\u4f1a\u8868\u793a\u6000\u7591\u3002\u4f46\u6211\u4eec\u53ea\u9700\u770b\u770b\u5728\u771f\u6b63\u7684\uff08\u7ecf\u9a8c\u7684\uff09\u7269\u7406\u79d1\u5b66\u5f00\u59cb\u65f6\u901a\u5e38\u8ba8\u8bba\u7684\u4e0d\u540c\u547d\u9898\u2014\u2014\u4f8b\u5982\uff0c\u90a3\u4e9b\u5173\u4e8e\u540c\u4e00\u7269\u8d28\u91cf\u7684\u6c38\u6052\u6027\u3001\u60ef\u6027\u529b\u3001\u4f5c\u7528\u548c\u53cd\u4f5c\u7528\u7684\u76f8\u7b49\u6027\u7b49\u2014\u2014\u5c31\u4f1a\u5f88\u5feb\u786e\u4fe1\u5b83\u4eec\u6784\u6210\u4e86\u4e00\u95e8\u7eaf\u7cb9\u7269\u7406\u5b66\u79d1\u5b66\uff08\u7eaf\u7cb9\u7269\u7406\u5b66\u6216\u7406\u6027\u7269\u7406\u5b66\uff0cphysica pura, or rationalis\uff09\uff0c\u8fd9\u95e8\u79d1\u5b66\u5b8c\u5168\u503c\u5f97\u4f5c\u4e3a\u4e00\u95e8\u7279\u6b8a\u7684\u79d1\u5b66\uff0c\u5728\u5176\u5168\u90e8\u8303\u56f4\u5185\u5355\u72ec\u9610\u8ff0\uff0c\u65e0\u8bba\u8fd9\u4e2a\u8303\u56f4\u662f\u5927\u662f\u5c0f\u3002<\/p>\n<\/blockquote>\n
      \u7136\u800c\uff0c\u5728\u67d0\u79cd\u610f\u4e49\u4e0a\uff0c\u8fd9\u79cd\u77e5\u8bc6\u65e0\u7591\u5fc5\u987b\u88ab\u89c6\u4e3a\u65e2\u5b9a\u7684\uff1b\u6362\u53e5\u8bdd\u8bf4\uff0c\u5f62\u800c\u4e0a\u5b66\u5fc5\u987b\u88ab\u89c6\u4e3a\u5b9e\u9645\u5b58\u5728\u7684\uff0c\u5373\u4f7f\u4e0d\u662f\u4f5c\u4e3a\u4e00\u95e8\u79d1\u5b66\uff0c\u4f46\u81f3\u5c11\u4f5c\u4e3a\u4eba\u7c7b\u5fc3\u667a\u7684\u81ea\u7136\u503e\u5411(metaphysica naturalis)\u3002\u56e0\u4e3a\u4eba\u7c7b\u7406\u6027\uff0c\u5728\u6ca1\u6709\u4efb\u4f55\u53ef\u5f52\u56e0\u4e8e\u5bf9\u5de8\u5927\u77e5\u8bc6\u7684\u865a\u8363\u5fc3\u7684\u523a\u6fc0\u4e0b\uff0c\u5728\u5176\u81ea\u8eab\u9700\u8981\u611f\u7684\u9a71\u4f7f\u4e0b\u4e0d\u65ad\u8fdb\u6b65\uff0c\u671d\u5411\u90a3\u4e9b\u65e0\u6cd5\u901a\u8fc7\u4efb\u4f55\u7ecf\u9a8c\u6027\u7684\u7406\u6027\u8fd0\u7528\u6216\u7531\u6b64\u884d\u751f\u7684\u539f\u7406\u6765\u56de\u7b54\u7684\u95ee\u9898\uff1b\u56e0\u6b64\u5728\u6bcf\u4e2a\u4eba\u8eab\u4e0a\u90fd\u786e\u5b9e\u5b58\u5728\u67d0\u79cd\u5f62\u800c\u4e0a\u5b66\u4f53\u7cfb\u3002\u53ea\u8981\u7406\u6027\u89c9\u9192\u5230\u5176\u601d\u8fa8\u80fd\u529b\u7684\u8fd0\u7528\uff0c\u5b83\u5c31\u4f1a\u4e00\u76f4\u5b58\u5728\u3002\u73b0\u5728\u95ee\u9898\u51fa\u73b0\u4e86\uff1a"\u4f5c\u4e3a\u4e00\u79cd\u81ea\u7136\u503e\u5411\u7684\u5f62\u800c\u4e0a\u5b66\u5982\u4f55\u53ef\u80fd\uff1f"\u6362\u53e5\u8bdd\u8bf4\uff0c\u4ece\u666e\u904d\u4eba\u7c7b\u7406\u6027\u7684\u672c\u6027\u51fa\u53d1\uff0c\u7eaf\u7cb9\u7406\u6027\u5411\u81ea\u8eab\u63d0\u51fa\u7684\u90a3\u4e9b\u95ee\u9898\u662f\u5982\u4f55\u4ea7\u751f\u7684\uff0c\u800c\u4e14\u5b83\u88ab\u81ea\u8eab\u7684\u9700\u8981\u611f\u9a71\u4f7f\u5c3d\u5176\u6240\u80fd\u5730\u56de\u7b54\u8fd9\u4e9b\u95ee\u9898\uff1f<\/p>\n
      \u4f46\u662f\uff0c\u7531\u4e8e\u5728\u8fc4\u4eca\u4e3a\u6b62\u4e3a\u56de\u7b54\u7406\u6027\u57fa\u4e8e\u5176\u672c\u6027\u800c\u63d0\u51fa\u7684\u95ee\u9898\u7684\u6240\u6709\u5c1d\u8bd5\u4e2d\uff0c\u4f8b\u5982\uff0c\u4e16\u754c\u662f\u5426\u6709\u5f00\u7aef\uff0c\u8fd8\u662f\u6c38\u6052\u5b58\u5728\uff0c\u90fd\u9047\u5230\u4e86\u4e0d\u53ef\u907f\u514d\u7684\u77db\u76fe\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u4e0d\u80fd\u4ec5\u4ec5\u6ee1\u8db3\u4e8e\u5fc3\u667a\u5bf9\u5f62\u800c\u4e0a\u5b66\u7684\u81ea\u7136\u503e\u5411\uff0c\u5373\u7eaf\u7cb9\u7406\u6027\u80fd\u529b\u7684\u5b58\u5728\uff0c\u5c3d\u7ba1\u786e\u5b9e\u603b\u662f\u7531\u6b64\u4ea7\u751f\u67d0\u79cd\u5f62\u800c\u4e0a\u5b66\u4f53\u7cfb\uff1b\u4f46\u5fc5\u987b\u80fd\u591f\u5c31\u6211\u4eec\u662f\u5426\u77e5\u9053\u5f62\u800c\u4e0a\u5b66\u6240\u8bba\u53ca\u7684\u4e8b\u7269\u8fd9\u4e2a\u95ee\u9898\u8fbe\u5230\u786e\u5b9a\u6027\u3002\u6211\u4eec\u5fc5\u987b\u80fd\u591f\u5c31\u5176\u95ee\u9898\u7684\u4e3b\u9898\uff0c\u6216\u8005\u5c31\u7406\u6027\u5bf9\u5b83\u4eec\u5f62\u6210\u4efb\u4f55\u5224\u65ad\u7684\u80fd\u529b\u6216\u65e0\u80fd\u529b\u505a\u51fa\u51b3\u5b9a\uff1b\u56e0\u6b64\u8981\u4e48\u6709\u4fe1\u5fc3\u5730\u6269\u5c55\u6211\u4eec\u7eaf\u7cb9\u7406\u6027\u7684\u754c\u9650\uff0c\u8981\u4e48\u4e3a\u5176\u884c\u52a8\u8bbe\u5b9a\u4e25\u683c\u754c\u5b9a\u7684\u5b89\u5168\u9650\u5236\u3002\u8fd9\u4e2a\u7531\u4e0a\u8ff0\u666e\u904d\u95ee\u9898\u4ea7\u751f\u7684\u6700\u540e\u95ee\u9898\uff0c\u5176\u6070\u5f53\u7684\u8868\u8ff0\u5e94\u8be5\u662f\uff1a"\u5f62\u800c\u4e0a\u5b66\u4f5c\u4e3a\u4e00\u95e8\u79d1\u5b66\u5982\u4f55\u53ef\u80fd\uff1f"<\/p>\n
      \u56e0\u6b64\uff0c\u7406\u6027\u6279\u5224\u6700\u7ec8\u81ea\u7136\u800c\u5fc5\u7136\u5730\u5bfc\u5411\u79d1\u5b66\uff1b\u800c\u53e6\u4e00\u65b9\u9762\uff0c\u6ca1\u6709\u6279\u5224\u7684\u7406\u6027\u7684\u6559\u6761\u5f0f\u4f7f\u7528\u5bfc\u5411\u6beb\u65e0\u6839\u636e\u7684\u65ad\u8a00\uff0c\u9488\u5bf9\u8fd9\u4e9b\u65ad\u8a00\u603b\u80fd\u63d0\u51fa\u540c\u6837\u8c8c\u4f3c\u6709\u7406\u7684\u53cd\u9a73\uff0c\u8fd9\u6837\u4e0d\u53ef\u907f\u514d\u5730\u6700\u7ec8\u5bfc\u81f4\u6000\u7591\u4e3b\u4e49\u3002<\/p>\n
      \u6b64\u5916\uff0c\u8fd9\u95e8\u79d1\u5b66\u4e0d\u53ef\u80fd\u8fc7\u4e8e\u5197\u957f\u548c\u4ee4\u4eba\u751f\u754f\uff0c\u56e0\u4e3a\u5b83\u4e0d\u662f\u5904\u7406\u7406\u6027\u5bf9\u8c61\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e9b\u5bf9\u8c61\u7684\u591a\u6837\u6027\u662f\u65e0\u7a77\u5c3d\u7684\uff0c\u800c\u662f\u4ec5\u4ec5\u5904\u7406\u7406\u6027\u672c\u8eab\u53ca\u5176\u95ee\u9898\uff1b\u8fd9\u4e9b\u95ee\u9898\u6e90\u4e8e(arise out of)\u5979\u81ea\u8eab\u7684\u5185\u90e8\uff0c\u4e0d\u662f\u7531\u5916\u90e8\u4e8b\u7269\u7684\u672c\u6027\u5411\u5979\u63d0\u51fa\u7684\uff0c\u800c\u662f\u7531\u5979\u81ea\u5df1\u7684\u672c\u6027\u63d0\u51fa\u7684\u3002\u4e00\u65e6\u7406\u6027\u4e8b\u5148\u5b8c\u5168\u7406\u89e3\u4e86\u5979\u5728\u7ecf\u9a8c\u4e2d\u9047\u5230\u7684\u5bf9\u8c61\u65b9\u9762\u7684\u81ea\u8eab\u80fd\u529b\uff0c\u5c31\u5f88\u5bb9\u6613\u786e\u5b9a\u5730\u786e\u5b9a\u5979\u8bd5\u56fe\u5e94\u7528\u4e8e\u8d85\u51fa\u7ecf\u9a8c\u8303\u56f4\u7684\u5bf9\u8c61\u7684\u8303\u56f4\u548c\u9650\u5236\u3002<\/p>\n
      \u56e0\u6b64\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u53ef\u4ee5\u800c\u4e14\u5fc5\u987b\u628a\u8fc4\u4eca\u4e3a\u6b62\u6559\u6761\u5f0f\u5730\u5efa\u7acb\u5f62\u800c\u4e0a\u5b66\u79d1\u5b66\u7684\u5c1d\u8bd5\u89c6\u4e3a\u4e0d\u5b58\u5728\u3002\u56e0\u4e3a\u5728\u5176\u4e2d\u6240\u5305\u542b\u7684\u5206\u6790\uff0c\u5373\u4ec5\u4ec5\u662f\u6982\u5ff5\u7684\u5206\u89e3\uff0c\u4e0d\u662f\u5f62\u800c\u4e0a\u5b66\u672c\u8eab\u7684\u76ee\u6807\uff0c\u800c\u53ea\u662f\u5bf9\u771f\u6b63\u5f62\u800c\u4e0a\u5b66\u7684\u51c6\u5907\uff0c\u540e\u8005\u7684\u5bf9\u8c61\u662f\u901a\u8fc7\u7efc\u5408\u6269\u5c55\u6211\u4eec\u7684\u5148\u9a8c\u77e5\u8bc6\u3002\u5bf9\u4e8e\u8fd9\u4e2a\u76ee\u7684\uff0c\u4ec5\u4ec5\u7684\u5206\u6790\u5f53\u7136\u662f\u65e0\u7528\u7684\uff0c\u56e0\u4e3a\u5b83\u53ea\u663e\u793a\u8fd9\u4e9b\u6982\u5ff5\u4e2d\u5305\u542b\u4ec0\u4e48\uff0c\u800c\u4e0d\u662f\u663e\u793a\u6211\u4eec\u5982\u4f55\u5148\u9a8c\u5730\u8fbe\u5230\u5b83\u4eec\uff1b\u800c\u8fd9\u6b63\u662f\u5f62\u800c\u4e0a\u5b66\u7684\u804c\u8d23\uff0c\u4e3a\u4e86\u80fd\u591f\u968f\u540e\u786e\u5b9a\u5b83\u4eec\u5bf9\u6240\u6709\u7ecf\u9a8c\u5bf9\u8c61\u3001\u5bf9\u4e00\u822c\u77e5\u8bc6\u7684\u6709\u6548\u4f7f\u7528\u3002\u653e\u5f03\u8fd9\u4e9b\u8981\u6c42\u786e\u5b9e\u9700\u8981\u5f88\u5c11\u7684\u81ea\u6211\u514b\u5236\uff0c\u56e0\u4e3a\u7406\u6027\u4e0e\u81ea\u8eab\u4e0d\u53ef\u5426\u8ba4\u7684\u3001\u5728\u6559\u6761\u5f0f\u7a0b\u5e8f\u4e2d\u4e0d\u53ef\u907f\u514d\u7684\u77db\u76fe\uff0c\u65e9\u5df2\u6bc1\u6389\u4e86\u8fc4\u4eca\u4e3a\u6b62\u51fa\u73b0\u7684\u6bcf\u4e2a\u5f62\u800c\u4e0a\u5b66\u4f53\u7cfb\u7684\u58f0\u8a89\u3002\u8981\u5728\u6765\u81ea\u5185\u90e8\u7684\u56f0\u96be\u548c\u5916\u90e8\u7684\u53cd\u5bf9\u9762\u524d\u4fdd\u6301\u4e0d\u4e3a\u6240\u52a8\uff0c\u9700\u8981\u66f4\u5927\u7684\u575a\u5b9a\uff0c\u901a\u8fc7\u4e00\u79cd\u4e0e\u8fc4\u4eca\u6240\u9075\u5faa\u7684\u6240\u6709\u65b9\u6cd5\u5b8c\u5168\u76f8\u53cd\u7684\u65b9\u6cd5\uff0c\u52aa\u529b\u4fc3\u8fdb\u4e00\u95e8\u5bf9\u4eba\u7c7b\u7406\u6027\u4e0d\u53ef\u6216\u7f3a\u7684\u79d1\u5b66\u7684\u6210\u957f\u548c\u4e30\u5bcc\u6027\u2014\u2014\u8fd9\u95e8\u79d1\u5b66\u7684\u6bcf\u4e2a\u5206\u652f\u90fd\u53ef\u80fd\u88ab\u780d\u6389\uff0c\u4f46\u5176\u6839\u57fa\u5374\u4e0d\u53ef\u6467\u6bc1\u3002<\/p>\n
    Section VII<\/h2>\n
    Idea and Division of a Particular Science, under the Name of a Critique of Pure Reason.<\/strong><\/p>\n
    \u4f5c\u4e3a\u7eaf\u7cb9\u7406\u6027\u6279\u5224\u7684\u7279\u6b8a\u79d1\u5b66\u7684\u7406\u5ff5\u4e0e\u5206\u7c7b<\/strong><\/p>\n
      \u4ece\u4ee5\u4e0a\u6240\u8ff0\u4e2d\uff0c\u4ea7\u751f\u4e86\u4e00\u95e8\u7279\u6b8a\u79d1\u5b66\u7684\u7406\u5ff5\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u79f0\u4e4b\u4e3a\u7eaf\u7cb9\u7406\u6027\u6279\u5224(Critique of Pure Reason)\u3002\u56e0\u4e3a\u7406\u6027\u662f\u4e3a\u6211\u4eec\u63d0\u4f9b\u5148\u9a8c\u77e5\u8bc6\u539f\u7406\u7684\u673a\u80fd(faculty)\u3002\u56e0\u6b64\uff0c\u7eaf\u7cb9\u7406\u6027\u662f\u5305\u542b\u7edd\u5bf9\u5148\u9a8c\u8ba4\u77e5\u4efb\u4f55\u4e8b\u7269\u539f\u7406\u7684\u673a\u80fd\u3002\u7eaf\u7cb9\u7406\u6027\u7684\u5de5\u5177(organon)\u5c06\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u539f\u7406\u7eb2\u8981\uff0c\u53ea\u6709\u4f9d\u636e\u8fd9\u4e9b\u539f\u7406\u624d\u80fd\u83b7\u5f97\u6240\u6709\u7eaf\u7cb9\u5148\u9a8c\u8ba4\u77e5\u3002\u8fd9\u79cd\u5de5\u5177\u7684\u5b8c\u5168\u6269\u5c55\u5e94\u7528\u5c06\u7ed9\u6211\u4eec\u63d0\u4f9b\u4e00\u4e2a\u7eaf\u7cb9\u7406\u6027\u4f53\u7cfb\u3002\u7136\u800c\uff0c\u7531\u4e8e\u8fd9\u8981\u6c42\u592a\u591a\uff0c\u800c\u4e14\u6211\u4eec\u7684\u77e5\u8bc6\u5728\u8fd9\u91cc\u662f\u5426\u53ef\u80fd\u6709\u4efb\u4f55\u6269\u5c55\uff0c\u5982\u679c\u53ef\u80fd\uff0c\u5728\u4ec0\u4e48\u60c5\u51b5\u4e0b\u53ef\u80fd\uff0c\u8fd9\u8fd8\u662f\u503c\u5f97\u6000\u7591\u7684\uff1b\u6211\u4eec\u53ef\u4ee5\u628a\u8fd9\u95e8\u4ec5\u4ec5\u6279\u5224\u7eaf\u7cb9\u7406\u6027\u53ca\u5176\u6e90\u6cc9\u548c\u9650\u5ea6\u7684\u79d1\u5b66\uff0c\u89c6\u4e3a\u7eaf\u7cb9\u7406\u6027\u4f53\u7cfb\u7684\u9884\u5907\u5b66(prop\u00e6deutic)\u3002\u8fd9\u6837\u4e00\u95e8\u79d1\u5b66\u4e0d\u80fd\u88ab\u79f0\u4e3a\u5b66\u8bf4(doctrine)\uff0c\u800c\u53ea\u80fd\u79f0\u4e3a\u7eaf\u7cb9\u7406\u6027\u6279\u5224\uff1b\u5c31\u601d\u8fa8\u800c\u8a00\uff0c\u5b83\u7684\u7528\u9014\u53ea\u662f\u6d88\u6781\u7684\uff0c\u4e0d\u662f\u6269\u5c55\u6211\u4eec\u7406\u6027\u7684\u754c\u9650\uff0c\u800c\u662f\u51c0\u5316\u6211\u4eec\u7684\u7406\u6027\uff0c\u4f7f\u5176\u514d\u4e8e\u9519\u8bef\u2014\u2014\u4ec5\u8fd9\u4e00\u70b9\u5c31\u5df2\u7ecf\u662f\u4e0d\u5c0f\u7684\u6536\u83b7\u3002\u6211\u5c06"\u8d85\u8d8a\u8bba\u7684"(transcendental)\u8fd9\u4e2a\u672f\u8bed\u5e94\u7528\u4e8e\u6240\u6709\u4e0d\u662f\u4e0e\u5bf9\u8c61\u672c\u8eab\u76f8\u5173\uff0c\u800c\u662f\u4e0e\u6211\u4eec\u8ba4\u77e5\u8fd9\u4e9b\u5bf9\u8c61\u7684\u65b9\u5f0f\u76f8\u5173\u7684\u77e5\u8bc6\uff0c\u53ea\u8981\u8fd9\u79cd\u8ba4\u77e5\u65b9\u5f0f\u662f\u5148\u9a8c\u53ef\u80fd\u7684\u3002\u8fd9\u79cd\u6982\u5ff5\u7684\u4f53\u7cfb\u5c06\u88ab\u79f0\u4e3a\u8d85\u8d8a\u8bba\u54f2\u5b66(transcendental philosophy)\u3002\u4f46\u8fd9\u53c8\u8d85\u51fa\u4e86\u6211\u4eec\u76ee\u524d\u8bba\u6587\u7684\u8303\u56f4\u3002\u56e0\u4e3a\u4f5c\u4e3a\u8fd9\u6837\u4e00\u95e8\u79d1\u5b66\uff0c\u5b83\u5fc5\u987b\u5305\u542b\u5bf9\u6211\u4eec\u7684\u5148\u9a8c\u7efc\u5408\u77e5\u8bc6\u548c\u5148\u9a8c\u5206\u6790\u77e5\u8bc6\u7684\u5b8c\u6574\u9610\u8ff0\uff0c\u5bf9\u6211\u4eec\u5f53\u524d\u7684\u76ee\u7684\u6765\u8bf4\u8303\u56f4\u592a\u5e7f\uff0c\u56e0\u4e3a\u6211\u4eec\u4e0d\u9700\u8981\u5c06\u5206\u6790\u8fdb\u884c\u5230\u8d85\u51fa\u7406\u89e3\u5148\u9a8c\u7efc\u5408\u539f\u7406\u7684\u5fc5\u8981\u7a0b\u5ea6\uff0c\u800c\u6211\u4eec\u53ea\u9700\u8981\u5904\u7406\u8fd9\u4e9b\u539f\u7406\u3002\u8fd9\u9879\u7814\u7a76\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u4e0d\u80fd\u6070\u5f53\u5730\u79f0\u4e4b\u4e3a\u5b66\u8bf4\uff0c\u800c\u53ea\u80fd\u79f0\u4e3a\u8d85\u8d8a\u8bba\u6279\u5224(transcendental critique)\uff0c\u56e0\u4e3a\u5b83\u7684\u76ee\u6807\u4e0d\u662f\u6269\u5c55\uff0c\u800c\u662f\u7ea0\u6b63\u548c\u5f15\u5bfc\u6211\u4eec\u7684\u77e5\u8bc6\uff0c\u5e76\u4f5c\u4e3a\u6240\u6709\u5148\u9a8c\u77e5\u8bc6\u7684\u4ef7\u503c\u6216\u65e0\u4ef7\u503c\u7684\u8bd5\u91d1\u77f3\uff0c\u8fd9\u662f\u6211\u4eec\u5f53\u524d\u8bba\u6587\u7684\u552f\u4e00\u5bf9\u8c61\u3002<\/p>\n
      \u56e0\u6b64\uff0c\u8fd9\u79cd\u6279\u5224\u5c3d\u53ef\u80fd\u662f\u4e3a\u4e00\u4e2a\u5de5\u5177\u6240\u505a\u7684\u51c6\u5907\uff1b\u5982\u679c\u8fd9\u4e2a\u65b0\u5de5\u5177\u88ab\u53d1\u73b0\u5931\u8d25\u4e86\uff0c\u81f3\u5c11\u53ef\u4ee5\u4f5c\u4e3a\u7eaf\u7cb9\u7406\u6027\u7684\u51c6\u5219(canon)\uff0c\u6839\u636e\u8fd9\u4e2a\u51c6\u5219\uff0c\u7eaf\u7cb9\u7406\u6027\u54f2\u5b66\u7684\u5b8c\u6574\u4f53\u7cfb\uff0c\u65e0\u8bba\u662f\u6269\u5c55\u8fd8\u662f\u9650\u5236\u7406\u6027\u7684\u754c\u9650\uff0c\u6709\u671d\u4e00\u65e5\u90fd\u53ef\u4ee5\u901a\u8fc7\u5206\u6790\u548c\u7efc\u5408\u7684\u65b9\u5f0f\u5c55\u73b0\u51fa\u6765\u3002\u8fd9\u662f\u53ef\u80fd\u7684\uff0c\u4e0d\uff0c\u8fd9\u6837\u4e00\u4e2a\u4f53\u7cfb\u7684\u8303\u56f4\u5e76\u4e0d\u662f\u90a3\u4e48\u5927\u4ee5\u81f3\u4e8e\u6392\u9664\u5b8c\u6210\u5b83\u7684\u5e0c\u671b\uff0c\u8fd9\u662f\u663e\u800c\u6613\u89c1\u7684\u3002\u56e0\u4e3a\u6211\u4eec\u5728\u8fd9\u91cc\u4e0d\u662f\u5904\u7406\u5916\u90e8\u5bf9\u8c61\u7684\u672c\u6027\uff0c\u8fd9\u662f\u65e0\u9650\u7684\uff0c\u800c\u662f\u4ec5\u4ec5\u5904\u7406\u5224\u65ad\u5bf9\u8c61\u672c\u6027\u7684\u5fc3\u667a\uff0c\u800c\u4e14\u4ec5\u4ec5\u6d89\u53ca\u5176\u5148\u9a8c\u8ba4\u77e5\u3002\u6211\u4eec\u7814\u7a76\u7684\u5bf9\u8c61\uff0c\u56e0\u4e3a\u4e0d\u662f\u8981\u5728\u5916\u90e8\u5bfb\u627e\uff0c\u800c\u662f\u5b8c\u5168\u5728\u6211\u4eec\u81ea\u8eab\u4e4b\u5185\uff0c\u6240\u4ee5\u4e0d\u53ef\u80fd\u4fdd\u6301\u9690\u85cf\uff0c\u800c\u4e14\u5f88\u53ef\u80fd\u8303\u56f4\u8db3\u591f\u6709\u9650\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u88ab\u5b8c\u5168\u6982\u89c8\u5e76\u6839\u636e\u5176\u4ef7\u503c\u6216\u65e0\u4ef7\u503c\u8fdb\u884c\u516c\u5e73\u8bc4\u4f30\u3002\u8bfb\u8005\u5728\u8fd9\u91cc\u66f4\u4e0d\u8981\u671f\u5f85\u5bf9\u7eaf\u7cb9\u7406\u6027\u7684\u4e66\u7c4d\u548c\u4f53\u7cfb\u7684\u6279\u5224\uff1b\u6211\u4eec\u76ee\u524d\u7684\u5bf9\u8c61\u5b8c\u5168\u662f\u5bf9\u7eaf\u7cb9\u7406\u6027\u673a\u80fd\u672c\u8eab\u7684\u6279\u5224\u3002\u53ea\u6709\u5f53\u6211\u4eec\u628a\u8fd9\u79cd\u6279\u5224\u4f5c\u4e3a\u6211\u4eec\u7684\u57fa\u7840\u65f6\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u624d\u62e5\u6709\u4e00\u4e2a\u7eaf\u7cb9\u7684\u8bd5\u91d1\u77f3\u6765\u8bc4\u4f30\u53e4\u4eca\u5173\u4e8e\u8fd9\u4e2a\u4e3b\u9898\u7684\u54f2\u5b66\u8457\u4f5c\u7684\u4ef7\u503c\uff1b\u6ca1\u6709\u8fd9\u4e2a\u6807\u51c6\uff0c\u65e0\u80fd\u7684\u5386\u53f2\u5b66\u5bb6\u6216\u5224\u65ad\u8005\u5c31\u4f1a\u7528\u81ea\u5df1\u540c\u6837\u6ca1\u6709\u6839\u636e\u7684\u65ad\u8a00\u6765\u51b3\u5b9a\u548c\u7ea0\u6b63\u4ed6\u4eba\u6beb\u65e0\u6839\u636e\u7684\u65ad\u8a00\u3002<\/p>\n
      \u8d85\u8d8a\u8bba\u54f2\u5b66\u662f\u4e00\u95e8\u79d1\u5b66\u7684\u7406\u5ff5\uff0c\u7eaf\u7cb9\u7406\u6027\u6279\u5224\u5fc5\u987b\u4ece\u5efa\u7b51\u5b66\u7684\u89d2\u5ea6(architectonically)\u4e3a\u5176\u7ed8\u5236\u6574\u4f53\u8ba1\u5212\uff0c\u4e5f\u5c31\u662f\u8bf4\uff0c\u4ece\u539f\u7406\u51fa\u53d1\uff0c\u5145\u5206\u4fdd\u8bc1\u6784\u6210\u8fd9\u5ea7\u5efa\u7b51\u7684\u6240\u6709\u90e8\u5206\u7684\u6709\u6548\u6027\u548c\u7a33\u5b9a\u6027\u3002\u5b83\u662f\u7eaf\u7cb9\u7406\u6027\u6240\u6709\u539f\u7406\u7684\u4f53\u7cfb\u3002\u5982\u679c\u8fd9\u4e2a\u6279\u5224\u672c\u8eab\u6ca1\u6709\u91c7\u7528\u8d85\u8d8a\u8bba\u54f2\u5b66\u7684\u79f0\u53f7\uff0c\u90a3\u53ea\u662f\u56e0\u4e3a\uff0c\u8981\u6210\u4e3a\u4e00\u4e2a\u5b8c\u6574\u7684\u4f53\u7cfb\uff0c\u5b83\u5e94\u8be5\u5305\u542b\u5bf9\u6240\u6709\u4eba\u7c7b\u5148\u9a8c\u77e5\u8bc6\u7684\u5b8c\u6574\u5206\u6790\u3002\u6211\u4eec\u7684\u6279\u5224\u786e\u5b9e\u5fc5\u987b\u5411\u6211\u4eec\u63d0\u4f9b\u6784\u6210\u6240\u8bf4\u7684\u7eaf\u7cb9\u77e5\u8bc6\u7684\u6240\u6709\u6839\u672c\u6982\u5ff5\u7684\u5b8c\u6574\u5217\u4e3e\u3002\u4f46\u5b83\u6709\u7406\u7531\u5730\u907f\u514d\u5bf9\u8fd9\u4e9b\u6982\u5ff5\u672c\u8eab\u7684\u5b8c\u6574\u5206\u6790\uff0c\u4ee5\u53ca\u5bf9\u7531\u5b83\u4eec\u884d\u751f\u51fa\u7684\u6982\u5ff5\u7684\u5b8c\u6574\u7814\u7a76\uff1b\u4e00\u65b9\u9762\u662f\u56e0\u4e3a\u8fd9\u79cd\u5206\u6790\u6ca1\u6709\u6211\u4eec\u7684\u6279\u5224\u5b8c\u5168\u81f4\u529b\u4e8e\u7684\u7efc\u5408\u90a3\u6837\u7684\u56f0\u96be\u548c\u4e0d\u786e\u5b9a\u6027\uff0c\u504f\u79bb\u8fd9\u79cd\u5206\u6790\u5c31\u662f\u504f\u79bb\u4e86\u76ee\u6807\uff1b\u53e6\u4e00\u65b9\u9762\u662f\u56e0\u4e3a\u4e3a\u8fd9\u6837\u4e00\u79cd\u5206\u6790\u548c\u63a8\u5bfc\u7684\u5b8c\u6574\u6027\u8fa9\u62a4\u4f1a\u4f7f\u672c\u8bba\u6587\u8d1f\u62c5\u8fc7\u91cd\uff0c\u4e0e\u6211\u4eec\u8ba1\u5212\u7684\u7edf\u4e00\u6027\u4e0d\u7b26\uff0c\u800c\u4e14\u76ee\u524d\u6211\u4eec\u4e0e\u8fd9\u4e9b\u90fd\u6ca1\u6709\u5173\u7cfb\u3002\u8fd9\u4e9b\u6839\u672c\u6982\u5ff5\u7684\u5206\u6790\u7684\u5b8c\u6574\u6027\uff0c\u4ee5\u53ca\u4ece\u5206\u6790\u53ef\u80fd\u7ed9\u51fa\u7684\u5148\u9a8c\u6982\u5ff5\u7684\u63a8\u5bfc\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u53ef\u4ee5\u5bb9\u6613\u8fbe\u5230\uff0c\u53ea\u8981\u6211\u4eec\u62e5\u6709\u6240\u6709\u8fd9\u4e9b\u8981\u4f5c\u4e3a\u7efc\u5408\u539f\u7406\u7684\u6839\u672c\u6982\u5ff5\uff0c\u5e76\u4e14\u5c31\u8fd9\u4e2a\u4e3b\u8981\u76ee\u7684\u800c\u8a00\u6ca1\u6709\u4efb\u4f55\u7f3a\u5931\u3002<\/p>\n
      \u56e0\u6b64\uff0c\u5c5e\u4e8e\u7eaf\u7cb9\u7406\u6027\u6279\u5224\u7684\u662f\u6784\u6210\u8d85\u8d8a\u8bba\u54f2\u5b66\u7684\u4e00\u5207\uff1b\u5b83\u662f\u8d85\u8d8a\u8bba\u54f2\u5b66\u7684\u5b8c\u6574\u7406\u5ff5\uff0c\u4f46\u8fd8\u4e0d\u662f\u79d1\u5b66\u672c\u8eab\uff1b\u56e0\u4e3a\u5b83\u5728\u5206\u6790\u65b9\u9762\u53ea\u8fdb\u884c\u5230\u5224\u65ad\u6211\u4eec\u7684\u5148\u9a8c\u7efc\u5408\u77e5\u8bc6\u6240\u5fc5\u9700\u7684\u7a0b\u5ea6\u3002<\/p>\n
      \u5728\u5bf9\u8fd9\u6837\u4e00\u95e8\u79d1\u5b66\u7684\u5404\u4e2a\u90e8\u5206\u8fdb\u884c\u5206\u7c7b\u65f6\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u5fc5\u987b\u6ce8\u610f\u7684\u4e3b\u8981\u4e8b\u9879\u662f\uff0c\u4e0d\u80fd\u6709\u4efb\u4f55\u5305\u542b\u7ecf\u9a8c\u5185\u5bb9\u7684\u6982\u5ff5\u8fdb\u5165\u5176\u4e2d\uff1b\u6362\u53e5\u8bdd\u8bf4\uff0c\u5148\u9a8c\u77e5\u8bc6\u5fc5\u987b\u5b8c\u5168\u7eaf\u7cb9\u3002\u56e0\u6b64\uff0c\u5c3d\u7ba1\u9053\u5fb7\u7684\u6700\u9ad8\u539f\u7406\u548c\u57fa\u672c\u6982\u5ff5\u786e\u5b9e\u662f\u5148\u9a8c\u8ba4\u77e5\uff0c\u4f46\u5b83\u4eec\u4e0d\u5c5e\u4e8e\u8d85\u8d8a\u8bba\u54f2\u5b66\uff1b\u56e0\u4e3a\uff0c\u5c3d\u7ba1\u5b83\u4eec\u786e\u5b9e\u4e0d\u628a\u75db\u82e6\u3001\u5feb\u4e50\u3001\u6b32\u671b\u3001\u503e\u5411\u7b49\u6982\u5ff5\uff08\u8fd9\u4e9b\u90fd\u662f\u7ecf\u9a8c\u6765\u6e90\u7684\uff09\u4f5c\u4e3a\u5176\u89c4\u8303\u7684\u57fa\u7840\uff0c\u4f46\u5728\u6784\u5efa\u7eaf\u7cb9\u9053\u5fb7\u4f53\u7cfb\u65f6\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e9b\u7ecf\u9a8c\u6982\u5ff5\u5fc5\u7136\u4f1a\u4f5c\u4e3a\u8981\u514b\u670d\u7684\u969c\u788d\u6216\u4e0d\u5e94\u8be5\u6210\u4e3a\u52a8\u673a\u7684\u523a\u6fc0\u8fdb\u5165\u5230\u8d23\u4efb\u7684\u6982\u5ff5\u4e2d\u3002\u56e0\u6b64\uff0c\u8d85\u8d8a\u8bba\u54f2\u5b66\u662f\u7eaf\u7cb9\u7684\u548c\u4ec5\u4ec5\u601d\u8fa8\u7406\u6027\u7684\u54f2\u5b66\u3002\u56e0\u4e3a\u6240\u6709\u5b9e\u8df5\u7684\u4e1c\u897f\uff0c\u53ea\u8981\u5b83\u5305\u542b\u52a8\u673a\uff0c\u5c31\u4e0e\u611f\u60c5\u6709\u5173\uff0c\u800c\u8fd9\u4e9b\u5c5e\u4e8e\u8ba4\u77e5\u7684\u7ecf\u9a8c\u6765\u6e90\u3002<\/p>\n
      \u5982\u679c\u6211\u4eec\u60f3\u4ece\u79d1\u5b66\u7684\u666e\u904d\u89c2\u70b9\u6765\u5212\u5206\u8fd9\u95e8\u79d1\u5b66\uff0c\u5b83\u5e94\u8be5\u9996\u5148\u5305\u62ec\u7eaf\u7cb9\u7406\u6027\u7684\u8981\u7d20\u8bba(Doctrine of the Elements)\uff0c\u5176\u6b21\u662f\u7eaf\u7cb9\u7406\u6027\u7684\u65b9\u6cd5\u8bba(Doctrine of the Method)\u3002\u8fd9\u4e9b\u4e3b\u8981\u90e8\u5206\u5404\u81ea\u90fd\u6709\u5176\u7ec6\u5206\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u5728\u8fd9\u91cc\u4e0d\u80fd\u8be6\u8ff0\u5176\u5177\u4f53\u539f\u56e0\u3002\u4f5c\u4e3a\u5f15\u8a00\u6216\u9884\u544a\uff0c\u53ea\u9700\u8981\u8bf4\u660e\u4ee5\u4e0b\u5185\u5bb9\uff1a\u4eba\u7c7b\u77e5\u8bc6\u6709\u4e24\u4e2a\u6765\u6e90\uff08\u53ef\u80fd\u6e90\u4e8e(spring from)\u4e00\u4e2a\u5171\u540c\u7684\u3001\u4f46\u5bf9\u6211\u4eec\u6765\u8bf4\u672a\u77e5\u7684\u6839\u6e90\uff09\uff0c\u5373\u611f\u6027(sense)\u548c\u77e5\u6027(understanding)\u3002\u901a\u8fc7\u524d\u8005\uff0c\u5bf9\u8c61\u88ab\u7ed9\u4e88\u6211\u4eec\uff1b\u901a\u8fc7\u540e\u8005\uff0c\u88ab\u601d\u8003\u3002\u5c31\u611f\u6027\u673a\u80fd\u53ef\u80fd\u5305\u542b\u6784\u6210\u5bf9\u8c61\u88ab\u7ed9\u4e88\u7684\u6761\u4ef6\u7684\u5148\u9a8c\u8868\u8c61\u800c\u8a00\uff0c\u5b83\u5c5e\u4e8e\u8d85\u8d8a\u8bba\u54f2\u5b66\u3002\u611f\u6027\u7684\u8d85\u8d8a\u8bba\u5b66\u8bf4\u5fc5\u987b\u6784\u6210\u6211\u4eec\u8981\u7d20\u8bba\u7684\u7b2c\u4e00\u90e8\u5206\uff0c\u56e0\u4e3a\u4eba\u7c7b\u77e5\u8bc6\u7684\u5bf9\u8c61\u88ab\u7ed9\u4e88\u7684\u6761\u4ef6\u5fc5\u987b\u5148\u4e8e\u5b83\u4eec\u88ab\u601d\u8003\u7684\u6761\u4ef6\u3002<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"
      \u672c\u7bc7\u6587\u7ae0\u6211\u4eec\u5173\u6ce8\u5bfc\u8bba\u90e8\u5206\u7684\u5185\u5bb9\u3002 I. Of the difference between Pure an …<\/p>","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[49],"tags":[233,229],"amp_enabled":true,"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/swordofmorning.com\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1563"}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/swordofmorning.com\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/swordofmorning.com\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/swordofmorning.com\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/swordofmorning.com\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=1563"}],"version-history":[{"count":8,"href":"https:\/\/swordofmorning.com\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1563\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":1591,"href":"https:\/\/swordofmorning.com\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1563\/revisions\/1591"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/swordofmorning.com\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=1563"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/swordofmorning.com\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=1563"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/swordofmorning.com\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=1563"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}