{"id":1544,"date":"2025-02-10T16:43:07","date_gmt":"2025-02-10T08:43:07","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/swordofmorning.com\/?p=1544"},"modified":"2025-10-09T13:54:11","modified_gmt":"2025-10-09T05:54:11","slug":"mni-02","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/swordofmorning.com\/index.php\/2025\/02\/10\/mni-02\/","title":{"rendered":"Modernity & Intimacy 02 Jacques Lacan"},"content":{"rendered":"

\u672c\u6587\u8bd1\u81ea\uff1aStanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy<\/a><\/center><\/em><\/p>\n

<\/div><\/p>\n

  \u96c5\u514b\u00b7\u739b\u4e3d\u00b7\u57c3\u7c73\u5c14\u00b7\u62c9\u5eb7(Jacques Marie \u00c9mile Lacan\uff0c1901\u5e744\u670813\u65e5 \u81f3 1981\u5e749\u67089\u65e5)\u662f\u4e8c\u5341\u4e16\u7eaa\u5df4\u9ece\u77e5\u8bc6\u754c\u7684\u6838\u5fc3\u4eba\u7269\u3002\u4ed6\u88ab\u8a89\u4e3a"\u6cd5\u56fd\u7684\u5f17\u6d1b\u4f0a\u5fb7"\uff0c\u5728\u7cbe\u795e\u5206\u6790\u53f2\u4e0a\u5177\u6709\u91cd\u8981\u5730\u4f4d\u3002\u4ed6\u7684\u6559\u5b66\u4e0e\u8457\u4f5c\u4e0d\u4ec5\u63a2\u8ba8\u4e86\u5f17\u6d1b\u4f0a\u5fb7\u53d1\u73b0\u65e0\u610f\u8bc6\u7684\u91cd\u5927\u610f\u4e49\u2014\u2014\u5305\u62ec\u5728\u7cbe\u795e\u5206\u6790\u7684\u7406\u8bba\u4e0e\u5b9e\u8df5\u5c42\u9762\uff0c\u4e5f\u6d89\u53ca\u4e0e\u5176\u4ed6\u4f17\u591a\u5b66\u79d1\u7684\u5173\u8054\u3002\u5bf9\u4e8e\u90a3\u4e9b\u5173\u6ce8\u5f17\u6d1b\u4f0a\u5fb7\u601d\u60f3\u54f2\u5b66\u7ef4\u5ea6\u7684\u7814\u7a76\u8005\u800c\u8a00\uff0c\u62c9\u5eb7\u7684\u8457\u4f5c\u5c24\u4e3a\u73cd\u8d35\u3002\u5728\u8fc7\u53bb\u534a\u4e2a\u591a\u4e16\u7eaa\u91cc\uff0c\u62c9\u5eb7\u601d\u60f3\u5df2\u7136\u6210\u4e3a\u6b27\u9646\u54f2\u5b66\u754c\u63a5\u7eb3\u4e0e\u89e3\u8bfb\u7cbe\u795e\u5206\u6790\u7684\u6838\u5fc3\u7406\u8bba\u8d44\u6e90\u3002<\/p>\n

\u4e00\u3001\u5386\u53f2\u6982\u51b5<\/h2>\n

  \u62c9\u5eb7\u4f5c\u4e3a\u4e00\u4f4d\u53d7\u8fc7\u533b\u5b66\u8bad\u7ec3\u7684\u7cbe\u795e\u75c5\u5b66\u5bb6\uff0c\u5176\u6700\u65e9\u7684\u8457\u4f5c\u51fa\u73b0\u4e8e1920\u5e74\u4ee3\u672b (\u6b63\u503c\u5176\u7cbe\u795e\u75c5\u5b66\u7814\u7a76\u671f\u95f4)\uff0c\u800c\u5176\u51fa\u7248\u6d3b\u52a8\u5728\u6b64\u540e\u7684\u5341\u5e74\u4e2d\u84ec\u52c3\u53d1\u5c55\u30021930\u5e74\u4ee3\u89c1\u8bc1\u4e86\u62c9\u5eb7\u65e9\u671f\u7684\u51e0\u4e2a\u91cd\u8981\u91cc\u7a0b\u7891\uff1a1932\u5e74\u53d1\u8868\u7cbe\u795e\u75c5\u5b66\u535a\u58eb\u8bba\u6587\u300a\u8bba\u504f\u6267\u578b\u7cbe\u795e\u75c5\u4e0e\u4eba\u683c\u7684\u5173\u7cfb\u300b(De la psychose parano\u00efaque dans ses rapports avec la personnalit\u00e9)\uff1b\u4e0e\u8d85\u73b0\u5b9e\u4e3b\u4e49\u548c\u8fbe\u8fbe\u4e3b\u4e49\u827a\u672f\u8fd0\u52a8\u7684\u5bc6\u5207\u5408\u4f5c\uff0c\u5176\u95f4\u4ed6\u4f5c\u4e3a\u5fd7\u540c\u9053\u5408\u8005\u9891\u7e41\u5f80\u6765\uff1b\u5f00\u59cb\u63a5\u53d7\u7cbe\u795e\u5206\u6790\u57f9\u8bad\uff0c\u5305\u62ec\u5728\u9c81\u9053\u592b\u00b7\u6d1b\u6e29\u65af\u5766 (Rudolph Lowenstein) \u6307\u5bfc\u4e0b\u7684\u8bad\u7ec3\u6027\u5206\u6790\uff1b\u53c2\u4e0e\u4e9a\u5386\u5c71\u5927\u00b7\u79d1\u8036\u592b (Alexandre Koj\u00e8ve) \u5173\u4e8e\u9ed1\u683c\u5c14\u300a\u7cbe\u795e\u73b0\u8c61\u5b66\u300b\u7684\u8457\u540d\u7814\u8ba8\u73ed\uff1b1936\u5e74\u5728\u9a6c\u91cc\u6069\u5df4\u5fb7\u4e3e\u884c\u7684\u56fd\u9645\u7cbe\u795e\u5206\u6790\u534f\u4f1a (IPA) \u5927\u4f1a\u4e0a\u9996\u6b21\u63d0\u51fa\u5982\u4eca\u5e7f\u4e3a\u4eba\u77e5\u7684"\u955c\u50cf\u9636\u6bb5"\u7406\u8bba (\u8be5\u6f14\u8bb2\u88ab\u5f17\u6d1b\u4f0a\u5fb7\u7684\u53cb\u4eba\u517c\u4f20\u8bb0\u4f5c\u8005\u3001\u65f6\u4efb IPA \u4e3b\u5e2d\u7684\u6b27\u5185\u65af\u7279\u00b7\u743c\u65af\u4e2d\u9014\u6253\u65ad)\uff1b1938\u5e74\u5728\u300a\u6cd5\u56fd\u767e\u79d1\u5168\u4e66\u300b\u4e0a\u53d1\u8868\u4e86\u4e00\u7bc7\u6d89\u53ca\u8bf8\u591a\u7cbe\u795e\u5206\u6790\u4e3b\u9898\u7684\u91cd\u8981\u8bba\u6587\u300a\u4e2a\u4f53\u5f62\u6210\u4e2d\u7684\u5bb6\u5ead\u60c5\u7ed3\uff1a\u5fc3\u7406\u5b66\u529f\u80fd\u5206\u6790\u520d\u8bae\u300b(Les complexes familiaux dans la formation de l'individu: Essai d'analyse d'une fonction en psychologie)\u3002<\/p>\n

  \u5982\u4e0a\u6240\u8ff0\uff0c\u62c9\u5eb7\u53d1\u5c55\u7684\u8fd9\u4e00\u5173\u952e\u65f6\u671f\uff0c\u6807\u5fd7\u7740\u7cbe\u795e\u5206\u6790\u3001\u7cbe\u795e\u75c5\u5b66\u3001\u54f2\u5b66\u3001\u827a\u672f\u548c\u6587\u5b66\u7b49\u591a\u4e2a\u9886\u57df\u7684\u601d\u60f3\u4ea4\u6c47\u4e0e\u78b0\u649e\u3002\u5177\u4f53\u800c\u8a00\uff0c\u5728\u8fd9\u4e00\u65f6\u671f\uff0c\u5f17\u6d1b\u4f0a\u5fb7\u7cbe\u795e\u5206\u6790\u3001\u9ed1\u683c\u5c14\u8fa9\u8bc1\u6cd5\u3001\u79d1\u8036\u592b\u5f0f\u6559\u5b66\u6cd5\uff0c\u4ee5\u53ca\u4ece\u4e0d\u540c\u89c6\u89d2\u5bf9"\u75af\u72c2"\u7684\u591a\u91cd\u7406\u89e3\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e9b\u8de8\u5b66\u79d1\u8981\u7d20\u7684\u6709\u673a\u7ed3\u5408\uff0c\u6df1\u523b\u5730\u5851\u9020\u5e76\u6301\u4e45\u5730\u5f71\u54cd\u4e86\u62c9\u5eb7\u6b64\u540e\u7684\u6574\u4e2a\u601d\u60f3\u5386\u7a0b\u3002<\/p>\n

  \u4e0d\u51fa\u6240\u6599\uff0c\u7b2c\u4e8c\u6b21\u4e16\u754c\u5927\u6218\u5bf9\u62c9\u5eb7\u800c\u8a00 (\u5f53\u7136\uff0c\u5bf9\u6574\u4e2a\u5386\u53f2\u800c\u8a00\u4e5f\u662f\u5982\u6b64) \u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u52a8\u8361\u4e0e\u5267\u53d8\u7684\u65f6\u671f\u3002\u4ed6\u7684\u7cbe\u795e\u5206\u6790\u6d3b\u52a8\u88ab\u8feb\u4e2d\u65ad\uff0c\u5305\u62ec\u5176\u8bad\u7ec3\u6027\u5206\u6790 (\u6d1b\u6e29\u65af\u5766\u4e0e\u62c9\u5eb7\u5bf9\u4e8e\u8fd9\u6bb5\u5206\u6790\u662f\u5426\u771f\u6b63\u5b8c\u6210\u5b58\u5728\u5206\u6b67\uff0c\u62c9\u5eb7\u8ba4\u5b9a\u5df2\u7ecf\u7ed3\u675f\uff0c\u9887\u5177\u4e89\u8bae\u5730\u518d\u672a\u56de\u5230\u6d1b\u6e29\u65af\u5766\u7684\u8bca\u7597\u6905)\u3002\u6218\u4e89\u4f7f\u62c9\u5eb7\u6709\u673a\u4f1a\u5728\u6cd5\u56fd\u548c\u82f1\u56fd\u63a5\u89e6\u519b\u4e8b\u7cbe\u795e\u75c5\u5b66\uff0c\u4ed6\u5728\u82f1\u56fd\u4e3a\u671f\u4e94\u5468\u7684\u8bbf\u95ee\u4f7f\u4ed6\u5f97\u4ee5\u4e86\u89e3\u82f1\u56fd\u7cbe\u795e\u5206\u6790\u754c\u7684\u67d0\u4e9b\u7279\u70b9 (\u8fd9\u6b21\u8bbf\u95ee\u7684\u7ec6\u8282\u8bb0\u5f55\u4e8e1947\u5e74\u7684\u300a\u82f1\u56fd\u7cbe\u795e\u75c5\u5b66\u4e0e\u6218\u4e89\u300b\u4e00\u6587)\u3002\u5728\u6218\u4e89\u671f\u95f4\u53ca\u6218\u540e\uff0c\u62c9\u5eb7\u521b\u4f5c\u4e86\u51e0\u7bc7\u91cd\u8981\u6587\u7ae0\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e9b\u6587\u7ae0\u6700\u7ec8\u90fd\u6536\u5f55\u5728\u5176\u4ee3\u8868\u4f5c\u300a\u6587\u96c6\u300b(\u00c9crits, 1966) \u4e2d\uff1a\u300a\u903b\u8f91\u65f6\u95f4\u4e0e\u9884\u671f\u786e\u5b9a\u6027\u7684\u65ad\u8a00\uff1a\u4e00\u4e2a\u65b0\u8be1\u8fa9\u300b(1945)\u3001\u300a\u8bba\u5fc3\u7075\u56e0\u679c\u6027\u300b(1946)\u3001\u300a\u7cbe\u795e\u5206\u6790\u4e2d\u7684\u653b\u51fb\u6027\u300b(1948)\uff0c\u4ee5\u53ca\u300a\u955c\u50cf\u9636\u6bb5\u4f5c\u4e3a\u7cbe\u795e\u5206\u6790\u7ecf\u9a8c\u6240\u63ed\u793a\u7684\u81ea\u6211\u529f\u80fd\u7684\u5f62\u6210\u300b(1949\u5e74\u5728\u82cf\u9ece\u4e16\u56fd\u9645\u7cbe\u795e\u5206\u6790\u534f\u4f1a\u4f1a\u8bae\u4e0a\u53d1\u8868\u2014\u2014\u800c\uff11\uff19\uff13\uff16\u5e74\u5728\u9a6c\u91cc\u6069\u5df4\u5fb7\u7684\u7248\u672c\u5df2\u7ecf\u9057\u5931\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e2a\u7248\u672c\u901a\u8fc7\u88ab\u6536\u5f55\u5165\u300a\u6587\u96c6\u300b\u800c\u6210\u4e3a\u7ecf\u5178\u5b9a\u672c)\u3002<\/p>\n

  \u63a5\u4e0b\u6765\u7684\u5341\u5e74\u662f\u62c9\u5eb7\u601d\u60f3\u8f68\u8ff9\u7684\u8f6c\u6298\u70b9\uff0c\u5728\u6b64\u671f\u95f4\uff0c\u4ed6\u5b8c\u5168\u786e\u7acb\u4e86\u81ea\u5df1\u4f5c\u4e3a\u4e00\u4f4d\u5177\u6709\u5353\u8d8a\u539f\u521b\u6027\u548c\u91cd\u5927\u5f71\u54cd\u529b\u7684\u7cbe\u795e\u5206\u6790\u7406\u8bba\u5bb6\u7684\u5730\u4f4d\u3002\u8fd9\u4e00\u65f6\u671f\u6d8c\u73b0\u51fa\u5927\u91cf\u62c9\u5eb7\u7684\u7406\u8bba\u6210\u679c\uff0c\u5305\u62ec\u4e03\u6b21\u5e74\u5ea6\u7814\u8ba8\u73ed\u548c\u4f17\u591a\u540e\u6765\u6536\u5f55\u4e8e\u4e5d\u767e\u9875\u300a\u6587\u96c6\u300b(\u00c9crits) \u4e2d\u7684\u8457\u540d\u8bba\u6587 (\u5176\u4e2d\u8bb8\u591a\u662f\u5bf9\u5e74\u5ea6\u7814\u8ba8\u73ed\u6210\u679c\u7684\u9ad8\u5ea6\u6d53\u7f29\u63d0\u70bc)\u3002\u57281940\u5e74\u4ee3\u672b\u548c1950\u5e74\u4ee3\u521d\uff0c\u62c9\u5eb7\u5f00\u59cb\u63a5\u89e6\u5e76\u7cbe\u901a\u8d39\u5c14\u8fea\u5357\u00b7\u5fb7\u00b7\u7d22\u7eea\u5c14 (Ferdinand de Saussure) \u53ca\u5176\u7ee7\u627f\u8005\u5982\u514b\u52b3\u5fb7\u00b7\u5217\u7ef4-\u65af\u7279\u52b3\u65af (Claude L\u00e9vi-Strauss) \u548c\u7f57\u66fc\u00b7\u96c5\u5404\u5e03\u68ee (Roman Jakobson) \u7684\u7ed3\u6784\u4e3b\u4e49\u3002\u5217\u7ef4-\u65af\u7279\u52b3\u65af1949\u5e74\u7684\u8457\u4f5c\u300a\u4eb2\u5c5e\u5173\u7cfb\u7684\u57fa\u672c\u7ed3\u6784\u300b\u63a8\u52a8\u4e861950\u548c1960\u5e74\u4ee3\u84ec\u52c3\u53d1\u5c55\u7684\u6cd5\u56fd\u7ed3\u6784\u4e3b\u4e49\u8fd0\u52a8\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e00\u601d\u6f6e\u6311\u6218\u4e86\u5b58\u5728\u4e3b\u4e49\u5728\u6cd5\u56fd\u7684\u7406\u8bba\u4f18\u52bf\u5730\u4f4d\u3002\u6b63\u5982\u5217\u7ef4-\u65af\u7279\u52b3\u65af\u4f7f\u4eba\u7c7b\u5b66"\u7ed3\u6784\u5316"\uff0c\u7f57\u5170\u00b7\u5df4\u7279 (Roland Barthes) \u4f7f\u6587\u5b66\u6587\u5316\u7814\u7a76"\u7ed3\u6784\u5316"\uff0c\u8def\u6613\u00b7\u963f\u5c14\u90fd\u585e (Louis Althusser) \u4f7f\u9a6c\u514b\u601d\u4e3b\u4e49"\u7ed3\u6784\u5316"\u4e00\u6837\u3002<\/p>\n

  \u76f4\u52301950\u5e74\u4ee3\u672b\u2014\u2014\u57281959-1960\u5e74\u95f4\uff0c\u62c9\u5eb7\u7684\u601d\u60f3\u53ef\u4ee5\u8bf4\u53d1\u751f\u4e86\u6839\u672c\u6027\u7684\u8f6c\u5411\u2014\u2014\u62c9\u5eb7\u53ef\u4ee5\u88ab\u8ba4\u4e3a\u662f\u5728\u4ee5\u7c7b\u4f3c\u65b9\u5f0f\u4f7f\u5f17\u6d1b\u4f0a\u5fb7\u7cbe\u795e\u5206\u6790"\u7ed3\u6784\u5316"\u3002\u4ed6\u5728"\u56de\u5f52\u5f17\u6d1b\u4f0a\u5fb7"\u7684\u65d7\u5e1c\u4e0b\u5f00\u5c55\u8fd9\u4e00\u5de5\u4f5c\uff0c\u6b63\u5982\u4ed6\u6700\u8457\u540d\u7684\u8bba\u65ad\u6240\u8a00\uff1a"\u65e0\u610f\u8bc6\u662f\u50cf\u8bed\u8a00\u90a3\u6837\u88ab\u7ed3\u6784\u5316\u7684"(l'inconscient est structur\u00e9 comme un langage)\u3002\u62c9\u5eb7\u5c06\u81ea\u5df1\u5851\u9020\u4e3a\u5f17\u6d1b\u4f0a\u5fb7\u6b63\u7edf\u601d\u60f3\u7684\u552f\u4e00\u634d\u536b\u8005\uff0c\u4ed6\u8ba4\u4e3a\u8fd9\u4e00\u601d\u60f3\u6b63\u9762\u4e34\u7740\u5728\u540e\u5f17\u6d1b\u4f0a\u5fb7\u7cbe\u795e\u5206\u6790\u754c\u88ab\u9057\u5f03\u548c\u80cc\u53db\u7684\u5371\u9669\uff0c\u5c24\u5176\u662f\u5728\u6d77\u56e0\u8328\u00b7\u54c8\u7279\u66fc (Heinz Hartmann)\u3001\u6069\u65af\u7279\u00b7\u514b\u91cc\u65af (Ernst Kris) \u548c\u62c9\u5eb7\u7684\u524d\u5206\u6790\u5e08\u6d1b\u6e29\u65af\u5766\u8fd9\u4e09\u4eba\u6240\u5de9\u56fa\u7684\u76ce\u683c\u9c81-\u7f8e\u5229\u575a\u81ea\u6211\u5fc3\u7406\u5b66\u4e2d\u3002\u62c9\u5eb7\u575a\u5b9a\u5730\u8ba4\u4e3a\uff0c\u5728\u7d22\u7eea\u5c14\u7406\u8bba\u7684\u52a9\u529b\u4e0b\u91cd\u65b0\u53d1\u73b0\u8bed\u8a00\u5bf9\u4e8e\u4e34\u5e8a\u548c\u5143\u5fc3\u7406\u5b66\u5206\u6790\u7684\u9996\u8981\u610f\u4e49\uff0c\u662f\u5fe0\u5b9e\u5730\u63a8\u8fdb\u5f17\u6d1b\u4f0a\u5fb7\u9769\u547d\u6027\u5fc3\u7075\u4e3b\u4f53\u6027\u65b9\u6cd5\u7684\u5173\u952e\u3002<\/p>\n

  \u6240\u6709\u8fd9\u4e9b\u90fd\u5728\u62c9\u5eb7\u4e3b\u4e49\u7684\u8be6\u5c3d\u5960\u57fa\u5ba3\u8a00\u4e2d\u5f97\u5230\u9610\u8ff0\uff0c\u53731953\u5e74\u53d1\u8868\u7684\u300a\u7cbe\u795e\u5206\u6790\u4e2d\u8a00\u8bf4\u548c\u8bed\u8a00\u7684\u529f\u80fd\u4e0e\u573a\u57df\u300b(\u56e0\u5728\u7f57\u9a6c\u53d1\u8868\u800c\u5e38\u88ab\u79f0\u4e3a"\u7f57\u9a6c\u6f14\u8bf4")\u3002\u8fd9\u4e00\u5ba3\u8a00\u6070\u9022\u62c9\u5eb7\u9000\u51fa\u5176\u539f\u5148\u7684\u7cbe\u795e\u5206\u6790\u7814\u7a76\u6240\u2014\u2014\u5df4\u9ece\u7cbe\u795e\u5206\u6790\u534f\u4f1a (SPP)\uff0c\u5e76\u53c2\u4e0e\u521b\u5efa\u65b0\u7684\u673a\u6784\u2014\u2014\u6cd5\u56fd\u7cbe\u795e\u5206\u6790\u534f\u4f1a (SFP)\u3002SPP\u8f6c\u5411\u533b\u5b66\u5316\u7684\u5206\u6790\u57f9\u8bad\u6a21\u5f0f (\u8fd9\u4e0e\u82f1\u8bed\u4e16\u754c\u7814\u7a76\u6240\u5360\u4e3b\u5bfc\u5730\u4f4d\u7684\u79d1\u5b66\u4e3b\u4e49\u7cbe\u795e\u75c5\u5b66\u8303\u5f0f\u4e00\u81f4) \u662f\u4fc3\u4f7f\u5206\u79bb\u6d3e\u521b\u5efaSFP\u7684\u4e3b\u8981\u539f\u56e0\u4e4b\u4e00\u3002<\/p>\n

  \u540c\u6837\u57281953\u5e74\uff0c\u62c9\u5eb7\u5f00\u59cb\u4e86\u4ed6\u7684\u7b2c\u4e00\u6b21\u5e74\u5ea6\u7814\u8ba8\u73ed\uff0c\u4e3b\u9898\u662f\u5f17\u6d1b\u4f0a\u5fb7\u7684\u300a\u6280\u672f\u8bba\u6587\u96c6\u300b(Papers on Technique, 1953-1954)\u3002\u8fd9\u4e9b\u7814\u8ba8\u73ed\u4e00\u76f4\u6301\u7eed\u5230\u4ed6\u53bb\u4e16\u524d\u4e0d\u4e45\uff0c\u300a\u7814\u8ba8\u73ed\u300b(le S\u00e9minaire) \u8fde\u7eed\u8fdb\u884c\u4e86\u4e8c\u5341\u4e03\u5e74\u3002\u5982\u540c\u79d1\u8036\u592b\u4e00\u6837\uff0c\u62c9\u5eb7\u4e3b\u8981\u901a\u8fc7\u53e3\u5934\u6559\u5b66\u53d1\u6325\u5176\u5f71\u54cd\u529b\u3002\u300a\u7814\u8ba8\u73ed\u300b\u7684\u7b2c\u4e00\u4e2a\u5341\u5e74 (1953-1963) \u5728\u5723\u5b89\u5a1c\u533b\u9662 (H\u00f4pital Sainte-Anne) \u8fdb\u884c\uff0c\u542c\u4f17\u4e3b\u8981\u7531\u7cbe\u795e\u5206\u6790\u5e08\u6784\u6210\u3002\u7531\u4e8e\u7a0d\u540e\u6211\u5c06\u89e3\u91ca\u7684\u539f\u56e0\uff0c\u62c9\u5eb7\u57281964\u5e74\u5c06\u7814\u8ba8\u73ed\u5148\u540e\u8fc1\u81f3\u9ad8\u7b49\u5e08\u8303\u5b66\u9662 (\u00c9cole Normale Sup\u00e9rieure, 1964-1969)\uff0c\u4e4b\u540e\u53c8\u8fc1\u81f3\u4e07\u795e\u6bbf\u5bf9\u9762\u7684\u6cd5\u5b66\u9662 (1969-1980)\u3002<\/p>\n

  \u4ece1964\u5e74\u8d77\uff0c\u62c9\u5eb7\u7684\u542c\u4f17\u5728\u6570\u91cf\u548c\u80cc\u666f\u7684\u5e7f\u5ea6\u4e0a\u90fd\u60ca\u4eba\u5730\u589e\u52a0\uff0c\u9664\u4e34\u5e8a\u5bfc\u5411\u7684\u53c2\u4e0e\u8005\u5916\uff0c\u8fd8\u5438\u5f15\u4e86\u6765\u81ea\u5b66\u672f\u754c\u5404\u4e2a\u5b66\u79d1\u7684\u827a\u672f\u5bb6\u548c\u5b66\u8005\u3002\u300a\u7814\u8ba8\u73ed\u300b\u6210\u4e3a\u5df4\u9ece\u77e5\u8bc6\u754c\u7684\u4e00\u4e2a\u5173\u952e\u8282\u70b9\uff0c\u4e00\u4e2a\u5438\u5f15\u6218\u540e\u6cd5\u56fd\u6587\u5316\u661f\u7a7a\u4e2d\u6700\u7480\u74a8\u7fa4\u661f\u7684\u4e2d\u5fc3\u3002\u4f8b\u5982\uff0c\u8ba9\u00b7\u4f0a\u6ce2\u5229\u7279 (Jean Hyppolite)\u3001\u7c73\u6b47\u5c14\u00b7\u798f\u67ef (Michel Foucault)\u3001\u5409\u5c14\u00b7\u5fb7\u52d2\u5179 (Gilles Deleuze)\u3001\u5415\u65af\u00b7\u4f0a\u91cc\u52a0\u83b1 (Luce Irigaray) \u548c\u6731\u8389\u5a05\u00b7\u514b\u91cc\u65af\u8482\u5a03 (Julia Kristeva) \u7b49\u54f2\u5b66\u5bb6\u90fd\u66fe\u662f\u62c9\u5eb7\u7814\u8ba8\u73ed\u7684\u542c\u4f17\u3002<\/p>\n

  \u5728\u7814\u8ba8\u73ed\u4e2d\uff0c\u62c9\u5eb7\u5728\u4f17\u591a\u7406\u8bba\u601d\u6f6e\u4e4b\u95f4\u5de7\u5999\u6e38\u79fb\uff0c\u4f7f\u7cbe\u795e\u5206\u6790\u4e0e\u54f2\u5b66\u53f2\u3001\u73b0\u8c61\u5b66\u3001\u5b58\u5728\u4e3b\u4e49\u3001\u7ed3\u6784\u4e3b\u4e49\u3001\u540e\u7ed3\u6784\u4e3b\u4e49\u3001\u5973\u6027\u4e3b\u4e49\uff0c\u4ee5\u53ca\u5982\u524d\u6240\u8ff0\u7684\u51e0\u4e4e\u6240\u6709\u5927\u5b66\u5b66\u79d1\u5c55\u5f00\u5bf9\u8bdd\u3002\u57281960\u548c1970\u5e74\u4ee3\u6210\u957f\u8d77\u6765\u7684\u90a3\u4e00\u4ee3\u6cd5\u56fd\u54f2\u5b66\u5bb6\u90fd\u4ee5\u4e0d\u540c\u65b9\u5f0f\u63a5\u89e6\u5f17\u6d1b\u4f0a\u5fb7\u7cbe\u795e\u5206\u6790\uff0c\u800c\u4ed6\u4eec\u90fd\u5728\u4e0d\u540c\u7a0b\u5ea6\u4e0a\u53d7\u5230\u62c9\u5eb7\u6559\u5b66\u7684\u542f\u53d1\u3002<\/p>\n

  1960\u5e74\u4ee3\u662f\u62c9\u5eb7\u5386\u7a0b\u4e2d\u4e00\u4e2a\u6781\u5176\u5bcc\u6709\u6210\u6548\u4f46\u540c\u6837\u52a8\u8361\u7684\u65f6\u671f\u3002\u5728\u5176\u7b2c\u4e03\u6b21\u7814\u8ba8\u73ed\u300a\u7cbe\u795e\u5206\u6790\u7684\u4f26\u7406\u300b(The Ethics of Psychoanalysis, 1959-1960) \u4e2d\uff0c\u62c9\u5eb7\u7684\u601d\u60f3\u51fa\u73b0\u4e86\u4e00\u4e2a\u5bf9\u5176\u540e\u7eed\u8f68\u8ff9\u5177\u6709\u51b3\u5b9a\u6027\u7684\u8f6c\u5411\uff0c\u5f00\u59cb\u8d28\u8be2\u8bed\u8a00\u5728\u51761950\u5e74\u4ee3"\u56de\u5f52\u5f17\u6d1b\u4f0a\u5fb7"\u8fd0\u52a8\u4e2d\u6240\u4eab\u6709\u7684\u7279\u6743\u5730\u4f4d\u3002\u5728\u6b64\u4e4b\u524d\u7684\u51e0\u5e74\u91cc\uff0c\u62c9\u5eb7\u4e0d\u77e5\u75b2\u5026\u5730\u5f3a\u8c03\u8c61\u5f81\u754c (the Symbolic) \u8fd9\u4e00\u7ef4\u5ea6\u7684\u6838\u5fc3\u4f5c\u7528\uff0c\u5373\u5728\u65e0\u610f\u8bc6\u7ed3\u6784\u548c\u8a00\u8bf4\u4e3b\u4f53\u6027\u7684\u52a8\u529b\u673a\u5236\u4e2d\uff0c\u7ecf\u8fc7\u7cbe\u795e\u5206\u6790\u6539\u9020\u7684\u7d22\u7eea\u5c14\u7b26\u5f81\u5c45\u4e8e\u9996\u8981\u5730\u4f4d (\u57281930\u548c1940\u5e74\u4ee3\uff0c\u7531\u4e8e\u5bf9\u955c\u50cf\u9636\u6bb5\u7684\u5173\u6ce8\uff0c\u73b0\u8c61-\u89c6\u89c9\u5c42\u9762\u7684\u60f3\u8c61\u754c[the Imaginary]\u4e00\u76f4\u5904\u4e8e\u524d\u6cbf)\u3002<\/p>\n

  1950\u5e74\u4ee3\u672b\uff0c\u968f\u7740\u5b9e\u5728\u754c (the Real) \u4f5c\u4e3a\u62c9\u5eb7\u601d\u60f3\u65b0\u7126\u70b9\u7684\u5174\u8d77\u2014\u2014\u6211\u5c06\u5728\u540e\u6587\u8be6\u8ff0\u62c9\u5eb7\u7684\u4e09\u91cd\u7ef4\u5ea6\u7406\u8bba (\u89c12.1\u8282)\u2014\u2014\u90a3\u4e9b\u9003\u9038\u3001\u62b5\u6297\u6216\u632b\u8d25\u793e\u4f1a-\u8bed\u8a00\u8c61\u5f81\u79e9\u5e8f\u4e4b\u80fd\u6307\u529b\u91cf\u7684\u4e8b\u7269\u548c\u73b0\u8c61\uff0c\u5728\u62c9\u5eb7\u7406\u8bba\u4e2d\u53d8\u5f97\u6108\u53d1\u6838\u5fc3\u3002\u8fd9\u4e9b\u4e8b\u7269\u548c\u73b0\u8c61\u5305\u62ec\u4ed6\u8005\u6027 (Otherness)\u3001\u9a71\u529b (drives)\u3001\u6b22\u4eab (jouissance) \u548c\u5c0f\u5b83\u7269 (objet petit a) \u7b49\u62c9\u5eb7\u6982\u5ff5 (\u89c12.3\u30012.4.2\u548c2.4.3\u8282)\u3002\u8fd9\u4e2a1959-1960\u5e74\u5ea6\u7814\u8ba8\u73ed\u53ef\u4ee5\u88ab\u5408\u7406\u5730\u63cf\u8ff0\u4e3a\u4e00\u4e2a\u5728\u540e\u7ed3\u6784\u4e3b\u4e49\u601d\u6f6e\u5174\u8d77\u4e4b\u524d\u5c31\u5df2\u5177\u6709\u5148\u89c1\u4e4b\u660e\u7684\u540e\u7ed3\u6784\u4e3b\u4e49\u6587\u672c\u3002<\/p>\n

  1963\u5e74\uff0c\u62c9\u5eb7\u7684\u804c\u4e1a\u548c\u4e2a\u4eba\u751f\u6daf\u906d\u9047\u4e86\u4e00\u573a\u5730\u9707\u3002\u5728\u957f\u8fbe\u5341\u5e74\u7684\u65f6\u95f4\u91cc (1953-1963)\uff0c\u4ece\u5df4\u9ece\u7cbe\u795e\u5206\u6790\u534f\u4f1a\u5206\u79bb\u51fa\u6765\u540e\u6210\u7acb\u7684\u6cd5\u56fd\u7cbe\u795e\u5206\u6790\u534f\u4f1a (SFP)\uff0c\u4e00\u76f4\u5728\u63a5\u53d7\u56fd\u9645\u7cbe\u795e\u5206\u6790\u534f\u4f1a (IPA) \u4f5c\u4e3a\u7533\u8bf7\u6210\u5458\u673a\u6784\u7684\u957f\u671f\u5ba1\u67e5\u3002\u7b80\u800c\u8a00\u4e4b\uff0cIPA\u6700\u7ec8\u5411SFP\u63d0\u51fa\u4e86\u6700\u540e\u901a\u7252\uff1a\u53ea\u6709\u5c06\u62c9\u5eb7\u4ece\u5176\u8bad\u7ec3\u5206\u6790\u5e08\u540d\u5355\u4e2d\u9664\u540d\uff0c\u624d\u80fd\u83b7\u51c6\u52a0\u5165\u3002\u62c9\u5eb7\u4e0d\u5408\u5e38\u89c4\u7684"\u53ef\u53d8\u65f6\u957f\u8bca\u7597"\u504f\u79bb\u4e86IPA\u6b63\u7edf\u89c4\u5b9a\u7684\u56fa\u5b9a\u65f6\u957f\u8bca\u7597\u89c4\u5219\uff0c\u8fd9\u662fIPA\u62d2\u7edd\u8ba4\u53ef\u4ed6\u7684\u4e3b\u8981\u539f\u56e0\u3002SFP\u63a5\u53d7\u4e86\u8fd9\u4e00\u6761\u4ef6\uff0c\u5265\u593a\u4e86\u62c9\u5eb7\u7684\u804c\u4f4d\u3002<\/p>\n

  \u5728\u7ecf\u5386\u4e86\u8fd9\u6b21\u4ed6\u7406\u6240\u5f53\u7136\u8ba4\u4e3a\u662f\u6df1\u6df1\u7684\u80cc\u53db\u4e4b\u540e\uff0c\u62c9\u5eb7\u653e\u5f03\u4e86\u539f\u5b9a\u76841963-1964\u5e74\u5ea6\u300a\u7236\u4e4b\u540d\u300b(The Names-of-the-Father) \u7814\u8ba8\u73ed\u8ba1\u5212 (\u4ec5\u8fdb\u884c\u4e861963\u5e7411\u670820\u65e5\u7684\u5f00\u5e55\u6f14\u8bb2)\uff0c\u5c06\u6559\u5b66\u5730\u70b9\u4ece\u5723\u5b89\u5a1c\u533b\u9662\u8f6c\u79fb\u5230\u9ad8\u7b49\u5e08\u8303\u5b66\u9662\uff0c\u5e76\u5f00\u5c55\u4e86\u4ed6\u7406\u5e94\u4eab\u6709\u76db\u540d\u7684\u7b2c\u5341\u4e00\u6b21\u7814\u8ba8\u73ed\u300a\u7cbe\u795e\u5206\u6790\u7684\u56db\u4e2a\u57fa\u672c\u6982\u5ff5\u300b(1964)\u2014\u2014\u62c9\u5eb7\u5c06\u8fd9\u56db\u4e2a\u6982\u5ff5\u786e\u5b9a\u4e3a\u65e0\u610f\u8bc6\u3001\u91cd\u590d\u3001\u79fb\u60c5\u548c\u9a71\u529b\u3002\u5728\u8fd9\u6b21\u7814\u8ba8\u73ed\u7684\u5f00\u5e55\u6f14\u8bb2\u4e2d\uff0c\u62c9\u5eb7\u8ba8\u8bba\u4e86\u4ed6\u7ecf\u7531SFP\u5b89\u6392\u7684\u88abIPA"\u9010\u51fa\u6559\u95e8"\u7684\u7ecf\u5386\uff0c\u4ed6\u5c06\u81ea\u5df1\u6bd4\u4f5c\u5df4\u9c81\u8d6b\u00b7\u65af\u5bbe\u8bfa\u838e (Baruch Spinoza)\uff0c\u540e\u8005\u56e0\u88ab\u89c6\u4e3a\u5f02\u7aef\u800c\u88ab\u72b9\u592a\u793e\u7fa4\u9a71\u9010\u3002<\/p>\n

  \u5c3d\u7ba1\u8fd9\u4e00\u6253\u51fb\u5177\u6709\u521b\u4f24\u6027\uff0c\u4f46\u4f3c\u4e4e\u4fc3\u4f7f\u62c9\u5eb7\u66f4\u52a0\u5f70\u663e\u5176\u72ec\u7279\u6027\uff0c\u94f8\u5c31\u4e86\u4e00\u5957\u72ec\u7279\u7684\u62c9\u5eb7\u5f0f\u601d\u60f3\u548c\u672f\u8bed\u4f53\u7cfb\u2014\u2014\u8fd9\u4e0e\u4ed6\u5728\u300a\u7814\u8ba8\u73ed\u300b\u7b2c\u4e00\u4e2a\u5341\u5e74 (1953-1963) \u4e2d\u4f7f\u7528\u7684\u66f4\u4e3a\u5e38\u89c1\u7684\u5f17\u6d1b\u4f0a\u5fb7\u5f0f\u8bed\u8a00\u548c\u7406\u8bba\u88c5\u7f6e\u5f62\u6210\u5bf9\u6bd4\u3002\u867d\u7136\u5728\u4ed6\u65e9\u671f\u5de5\u4f5c\u4e2d\u5df2\u6709\u8bf8\u591a\u5148\u5146\uff0c\u4f46\u4e00\u4e2a\u6709\u522b\u4e8e\u5f17\u6d1b\u4f0a\u5fb7\u4e3b\u4e49\u7684\u62c9\u5eb7\u4e3b\u4e49\u57281960\u5e74\u4ee3\u4e2d\u671f\u5f00\u59cb\u6e05\u6670\u5730\u663e\u73b0\u51fa\u6765\u3002\u5728\u88abIPA\u62d2\u7edd\u5e76\u79bb\u5f00SFP\u7684\u9634\u5f71\u4e0b\uff0c\u62c9\u5eb7\u521b\u7acb\u4e86\u4ed6\u81ea\u5df1\u7684\u7cbe\u795e\u5206\u6790\u7ec4\u7ec7\u2014\u2014\u5df4\u9ece\u5f17\u6d1b\u4f0a\u5fb7\u5b66\u6d3e (\u00c9cole freudienne de Paris)\u3002\u8fd9\u4e00\u65b0\u7684\u5236\u5ea6\u6846\u67b6 (\u548c\u81ea\u7531) \u4e3a\u4ed6\u63d0\u4f9b\u4e86\u4e00\u4e2a\u80fd\u591f\u5c1d\u8bd5\u7cbe\u795e\u5206\u6790\u6559\u5b66\u548c\u8bad\u7ec3\u65b0\u65b9\u6cd5\u7684\u73af\u5883\u3002<\/p>\n

  1966\u5e74\uff0c\u62c9\u5eb7\u6d69\u701a\u7684\u8457\u4f5c\u300a\u6587\u96c6\u300b(\u00c9crits) \u7531\u745f\u4f0a\u51fa\u7248\u793e (\u00c9ditions du Seuil) \u51fa\u7248\u3002\u5728\u6b64\u4e4b\u524d\uff0c\u62c9\u5eb7\u4ec5\u51fa\u7248\u8fc7\u4e00\u672c\u4e66\uff0c\u5373\u4ed6\u7684\u7cbe\u795e\u75c5\u5b66\u8bba\u6587 (1932)\u3002\u8fd9\u90e8\u957f\u8fbe\u4e5d\u767e\u9875\u7684\u300a\u6587\u96c6\u300b\u6c47\u96c6\u4e86\u62c9\u5eb7\u4ece1936\u5e74\u52301966\u5e74\u95f4\u6700\u91cd\u8981\u7684\u6587\u7ae0\u548c\u8bba\u6587\uff0c\u8de8\u8d8a\u4e86\u4e09\u5341\u5e74\u65f6\u95f4\u3002\u8fd9\u4e9b"\u6587\u7ae0"\u4e3a\u8fdb\u5165\u62c9\u5eb7\u601d\u60f3\u63d0\u4f9b\u4e86\u6781\u5177\u6311\u6218\u6027\u548c\u8981\u6c42\u7684\u5165\u95e8\u9014\u5f84 (\u76f8\u6bd4\u4e4b\u4e0b\uff0c\u5e74\u5ea6\u7814\u8ba8\u73ed\u5bf9\u8bfb\u8005\u66f4\u4e3a\u53cb\u597d\u548c\u900f\u660e)\u3002\u5c3d\u7ba1\u300a\u6587\u96c6\u300b\u5728\u5f88\u5927\u7a0b\u5ea6\u4e0a\u9020\u5c31\u4e86\u62c9\u5eb7\u4f5c\u4e3a\u4e00\u4f4d"\u96be\u61c2\u7684"(\u5982\u679c\u4e0d\u662f\u523b\u610f\u6666\u6da9\u7684) \u601d\u60f3\u5bb6\u7684\u58f0\u8a89\uff0c\u4f46\u8fd9\u672c\u4e66\u5728\u6cd5\u56fd\u521d\u7248\u65f6\u5c31\u6210\u4e3a\u4e86\u7545\u9500\u4e66\u3002\u5b83\u7684\u6210\u529f\u4f7f\u62c9\u5eb7\u5728\u6cd5\u56fd\u8bfb\u8005\u773c\u4e2d\u8dc3\u5347\u4e3a\u6cd5\u56fd\u7684\u5f17\u6d1b\u4f0a\u5fb7 (the French Freud)\u3002\u5728\u6b64\u671f\u95f4\uff0c\u62c9\u5eb7\u300a\u7814\u8ba8\u73ed\u300b(le S\u00e9minaire) \u7684\u542c\u4f17\u7ee7\u7eed\u589e\u957f\uff0c\u4ed6\u7684\u5f71\u54cd\u529b\u4e0d\u65ad\u6269\u5927\uff0c\u8986\u76d6\u4e86\u4ee5\u5df4\u9ece\u4e3a\u4e2d\u5fc3\u7684\u77e5\u8bc6\u548c\u6587\u5316\u751f\u6d3b\u7684\u66f4\u5e7f\u6cdb\u9886\u57df\u3002<\/p>\n

  \u5728\u6574\u4e2a\u804c\u4e1a\u751f\u6daf\u4e2d\uff0c\u62c9\u5eb7\u5bf9\u6570\u5b66\u548c\u5f62\u5f0f\u5b66\u79d1\u7684\u5404\u4e2a\u5206\u652f\u8868\u73b0\u51fa\u6d53\u539a\u7684\u5174\u8da3\u3002\u8fd9\u53ef\u4ee5\u8ffd\u6eaf\u52301940\u5e74\u4ee3\uff0c\u5728\u300a\u903b\u8f91\u65f6\u95f4\u4e0e\u9884\u671f\u786e\u5b9a\u6027\u7684\u65ad\u8a00\u300b(Logical Time and the Assertion of Anticipated Certainty) \u4e2d\u5c31\u8fd0\u7528\u4e86\u535a\u5f08\u8bba\u30021940\u5e74\u4ee3\u672b\u548c1950\u5e74\u4ee3\u521d\u8f6c\u5411\u7ed3\u6784\u4e3b\u4e49\u66f4\u5f3a\u5316\u4e86\u8fd9\u4e9b\u5f62\u5f0f\u5316\u503e\u5411\u3002\u57281950\u5e74\u4ee3\uff0c\u62c9\u5eb7\u4e0d\u4ec5\u501f\u9274\u4e86\u535a\u5f08\u8bba\u3001\u5217\u7ef4-\u65af\u7279\u52b3\u65af\u7684\u4eba\u7c7b\u5b66\u548c\u96c5\u5404\u5e03\u68ee\u7684\u97f3\u7cfb\u5b66\uff0c\u8fd8\u6d89\u53ca\u6570\u5b66\u53f2\u548c\u62d3\u6251\u5b66\u3002<\/p>\n

  \u5728\u6574\u4e2a1950\u548c1960\u5e74\u4ee3\uff0c\u8d8a\u6765\u8d8a\u591a\u7684\u56fe\u8868\u3001\u56fe\u5f62\u548c\u7b26\u53f7\u5316\u8868\u8fbe\u51fa\u73b0\u5728\u62c9\u5eb7\u7684\u8bb2\u5ea7\u548c\u8457\u4f5c\u4e2d\uff0c\u8868\u660e\u4e86\u4e00\u79cd\u7a33\u6b65\u52a0\u5f3a\u7684\u5f62\u5f0f\u5316\u8d8b\u52bf\u3002\u52301960\u5e74\u4ee3\u672b\uff0c\u7279\u522b\u662f1970\u5e74\u4ee3\uff0c\u903b\u8f91\u5b66\u3001\u62d3\u6251\u5b66\u548c\u7ed3\u7406\u8bba\u7684\u8ba8\u8bba\u6210\u4e3a\u62c9\u5eb7\u8bdd\u8bed\u4e2d\u7684\u7a81\u51fa\u7279\u5f81 (\u6709\u65f6\u751a\u81f3\u662f\u4e3b\u5bfc\u7279\u5f81)\u3002\u5bf9\u62c9\u5eb7\u800c\u8a00\uff0c1970\u5e74\u4ee3\u53ef\u4ee5\u88ab\u63cf\u8ff0\u4e3a"\u6570\u7406\u7d20" (matheme) \u7684\u5341\u5e74\uff0c\u8fd9\u662f\u62c9\u5eb7\u521b\u9020\u7684\u65b0\u8bcd\uff0c\u6307\u4ee3\u4e00\u4e2a\u5f62\u5f0f\u5316\u5355\u4f4d (\u4f5c\u4e3a\u6570\u5b66\u5f0f\u7684\u7b26\u53f7\u5316)\uff0c\u7528\u4ee5\u63d0\u70bc\u548c\u56fa\u5b9a\u7279\u5b9a\u62c9\u5eb7\u5f0f\u5206\u6790\u6982\u5ff5\u672f\u8bed\u7684\u6838\u5fc3\u610f\u4e49\u3002\u62c9\u5eb7\u5e0c\u671b\u501f\u6b64\u907f\u514d\u88ab\u8bef\u89e3\uff0c\u56e0\u4e3a\u5728\u4ed6\u770b\u6765\uff0c\u5f17\u6d1b\u4f0a\u5fb7\u5bf9\u81ea\u7136\u8bed\u8a00\u8868\u9762\u4e0a\u6613\u61c2\u7684\u8fd0\u7528\uff0c\u4f7f\u5f97\u5927\u591a\u6570\u975e\u62c9\u5eb7\u6d3e\u7684\u540e\u5f17\u6d1b\u4f0a\u5fb7\u4e3b\u4e49\u8005\u80fd\u591f\u8086\u610f\u66f2\u89e3\u3002<\/p>\n

  \u6b64\u5916\uff0c\u4f5c\u4e3a\u4e00\u95e8\u7814\u7a76\u8868\u9762\u7684\u79d1\u5b66\uff0c\u62d3\u6251\u5b66\u4e3a\u62c9\u5eb7\u63d0\u4f9b\u4e86\u8d44\u6e90\uff0c\u7528\u4ee5\u5bf9\u6297\u90a3\u4e9b\u5c06\u7cbe\u795e\u5206\u6790\u7c97\u7565\u5730\u89c6\u4e3a"\u6df1\u5ea6\u5fc3\u7406\u5b66" (depth psychology) \u7684\u901a\u4fd7\u56fe\u50cf\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e9b\u56fe\u50cf\u4f9d\u8d56\u4e8e\u81ea\u53d1\u56fe\u50cf\u601d\u7ef4\u4e2d\u7b80\u5355\u5316\u7684\u6b27\u51e0\u91cc\u5f97\u4e8c\u7ef4\u548c\u4e09\u7ef4\u7a7a\u95f4\u3002\u62d3\u6251\u5b66\u56fe\u5f62\u548c\u6784\u9020\u7834\u9664\u4e86\u8fd9\u79cd\u56fe\u50cf\u601d\u7ef4\u7684\u76f4\u89c9\uff0c\u5e2e\u52a9\u62c9\u5eb7\u91cd\u65b0\u5851\u9020\u65e0\u610f\u8bc6\u7684\u6982\u5ff5\uff0c\u5c06\u5176\u63cf\u7ed8\u4e3a\u4e00\u7cfb\u5217\u626d\u66f2\u3001\u5f2f\u66f2\u3001\u6298\u53e0\u3001\u5f2f\u6298\u548c\u8f6c\u5411\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e9b\u90fd\u5185\u5728\u4e8e\u53ef\u88ab\u4e25\u683c\u7406\u6027\u7684(\u5fc3\u7406)\u5206\u6790\u6240\u89e6\u53ca\u7684\u5355\u4e00\u5fc3\u667a\u4e3b\u4f53\u6027\u5e73\u9762\u4e4b\u4e2d\u3002<\/p>\n

  \u9664\u4e86\u901a\u8fc7\u6570\u7406\u7d20\u8ffd\u6c42\u5f62\u5f0f\u5316\u4e4b\u5916\uff0c\u62c9\u5eb7\u6559\u5b66\u6700\u540e\u5341\u5e74\u7684\u7814\u8ba8\u73ed\u8fd8\u4e13\u6ce8\u4e8e\u5bf9\u5176\u7ef4\u5ea6\u7406\u8bba\u7684\u601d\u8003\uff0c\u7279\u522b\u662f\u5b9e\u5728\u754c\u7ef4\u5ea6\uff0c\u4ee5\u53ca\u6027\u522b\u5dee\u5f02\u7684\u601d\u8003 (\u8fd9\u4e24\u79cd\u601d\u8003\u5e38\u5e38\u76f8\u4e92\u4ea4\u7ec7)\u3002\u5f62\u5f0f\u5316\u9879\u76ee\u8868\u9762\u4e0a\u4f7f\u62c9\u5eb7\u80fd\u591f\u7cbe\u786e\u5730\u63ed\u793a\u53ef\u8a00\u8bf4\u6027\u548c\u53ef\u8868\u5f81\u6027\u7684\u786e\u5207\u754c\u9650\uff0c\u4ece\u800c\u901a\u8fc7\u5c55\u793a\u5728\u7531\u60f3\u8c61\u754c\u548c\u8c61\u5f81\u754c\u8fd9\u4e24\u4e2a\u7ef4\u5ea6\u5171\u540c\u6784\u5efa\u7684\u53ef\u53ca\u7684\u3001\u719f\u6089\u7684"\u73b0\u5b9e"\u5750\u6807\u4e2d\u65e0\u6cd5\u88ab\u5b8c\u5168\u4e14\u5145\u5206\u786e\u5b9a\u7684\u5185\u5bb9\uff0c\u89e6\u53ca\u5b9e\u5728\u754c (\u89c12.1\u8282)\u3002<\/p>\n

  \u5728\u665a\u671f\u62c9\u5eb7\u770b\u6765\uff0c\u6027\u76f8\u5173\u4e8b\u7269\u7684\u5404\u4e2a\u65b9\u9762\u90fd\u4e0e\u5b9e\u5728\u754c\u7684\u795e\u79d8\u96be\u89e3\u6027\u76f8\u5173\u8054\uff0c\u5305\u62ec\u6027\u522b\u5dee\u5f02\u3002\u5728\u4ed6\u6700\u8457\u540d\u7684\u7814\u8ba8\u73ed\u4e4b\u4e00\uff0c\u5373\u7b2c\u4e8c\u5341\u6b21\u7814\u8ba8\u73ed\u300a\u518d\u8bba\u300b(Encore, 1972-1973) \u4e2d\uff0c\u4ed6\u5c06\u6027\u522b\u5dee\u5f02\u7406\u8bba\u5316\u4e3a"\u6027\u5316" (sexuation)\uff0c\u7528\u5f62\u5f0f\u903b\u8f91\u63cf\u8ff0\u4e86\u975e\u751f\u7269\u5b66\u7684\u3001\u53bb\u81ea\u7136\u5316\u7684\u9633\u6027\u6027\u548c\u9634\u6027\u6027\u7684\u4e3b\u4f53\u4f4d\u7f6e\u3002\u5728\u8fd9\u4e00\u7406\u8bba\u4e2d\uff0c\u4ed6\u58f0\u79f0\u53d1\u73b0\u4e86\u533a\u5206\u6027\u522b\u7684\u5185\u5728\u7684\u3001\u65e0\u6cd5\u6d88\u9664\u7684\u7ed3\u6784\u6027\u5dee\u5f02\/\u88c2\u9699\uff0c\u6027\u522b\u5316\u4e3b\u4f53\u65e0\u53ef\u907f\u514d\u5730\u88ab\u5224\u5b9a\u4e3a\u5728\u672c\u8d28\u4e0a\u3001\u5fc5\u7136\u5730\u5f7c\u6b64\u4e0d\u540c\u6b65 (\u751a\u81f3\u4f5c\u4e3a\u5206\u88c2\u4e3b\u4f53\u4e0e\u81ea\u8eab\u4e5f\u4e0d\u540c\u6b65)\u3002<\/p>\n

  \u62c9\u5eb7\u7528\u4e00\u53e5\u8457\u540d\u7684\u8b66\u53e5\u6982\u62ec\u4e86\u8fd9\u4e00\u70b9\uff1a"Il n'y a pas de rapport sexuel" (\u4e0d\u5b58\u5728\u6027\u5173\u7cfb)\u3002\u8fd9\u4e00\u5ba3\u8a00\u5f53\u65f6\u9707\u60ca\u4e86\u8bb8\u591a\u4eba\u3002\u6b64\u5916\uff0c\u7b2c\u4e8c\u5341\u6b21\u7814\u8ba8\u73ed\uff0c\u4ee5\u53ca\u62c9\u5eb7\u5728\u8fd9\u4e00\u65f6\u671f\u7684\u76f8\u5173\u8457\u4f5c\uff0c\u90fd\u6210\u4e3a\u4e861970\u5e74\u4ee3\u6cd5\u56fd\u5973\u6027\u4e3b\u4e49\u601d\u60f3\u5173\u952e\u53d1\u5c55\u7684\u5f3a\u6709\u529b\u50ac\u5316\u5242\u3002<\/p>\n

  1980\u5e74\uff0c\u5728\u751f\u547d\u5373\u5c06\u7ed3\u675f\u65f6\uff0c\u62c9\u5eb7\u8ba4\u4e3a\u6709\u5fc5\u8981\u89e3\u6563\u4ed6\u7684\u5b66\u6d3e\u2014\u2014\u5f17\u6d1b\u4f0a\u5fb7\u5b66\u6d3e (\u00c9cole freudienne)\u3002\u8fd9\u4e00\u51b3\u5b9a\u5f15\u53d1\u4e89\u8bae\uff0c\u5728\u4ed6\u7684\u8ffd\u968f\u8005\u4e2d\u5f15\u8d77\u6d3e\u7cfb\u6597\u4e89\u3002\u62c9\u5eb7\u4e8e1981\u5e74\u53bb\u4e16\u3002\u4ed6\u7684\u5973\u5a7f\u517c\u300a\u7814\u8ba8\u73ed\u300b(le S\u00e9minaire) \u7684\u7f16\u8f91\u96c5\u514b-\u963f\u5170\u00b7\u7c73\u52d2 (Jacques-Alain Miller)\u2014\u2014\u4ed6\u4f5c\u4e3a\u963f\u5c14\u90fd\u585e (Althusser) \u5728\u9ad8\u7b49\u5e08\u8303\u5b66\u9662 (ENS) \u7684\u5b66\u751f\u65f6\uff0c\u4e8e1964\u5e74\u9996\u6b21\u4f5c\u4e3a\u542c\u4f17\u53c2\u52a0\u62c9\u5eb7\u7b2c\u5341\u4e00\u6b21\u7814\u8ba8\u73ed\u65f6\u9047\u89c1\u4e86\u62c9\u5eb7\u2014\u2014\u5728\u5f17\u6d1b\u4f0a\u5fb7\u5b66\u6d3e"\u89e3\u6563"\u4e4b\u540e\u968f\u5373\u521b\u7acb\u4e86\u5f17\u6d1b\u4f0a\u5fb7\u4e8b\u4e1a\u5b66\u6d3e (\u00c9cole de la Cause freudienne) \u4f5c\u4e3a\u7ee7\u627f\u673a\u6784\u3002\u6b64\u540e\uff0c\u7c73\u52d2\u4e00\u76f4\u4fdd\u6301\u7740\u5bf9\u62c9\u5eb7\u8457\u4f5c\u7684\u51fa\u7248\u63a7\u5236\u6743\uff0c\u4e3b\u7f16\u7740\u5f17\u6d1b\u4f0a\u5fb7\u9886\u57df (Champ freudien) \u4e1b\u4e66\u7cfb\u5217\uff0c\u5728\u8be5\u7cfb\u5217\u4e2d\u51fa\u7248\u5e74\u5ea6\u7814\u8ba8\u73ed\u548c\u5176\u4ed6\u62c9\u5eb7\u8457\u4f5c\u7684\u5b98\u65b9"\u786e\u5b9a\u7248\u672c"\u3002<\/p>\n

\u4e8c\u3001\u57fa\u7840\u6982\u5ff5<\/h2>\n

2.1 Register Theory<\/h3>\n

  \u60f3\u8c61\u754c(Imaginary)\u3001\u8c61\u5f81\u754c(Symbolic)\u548c\u5b9e\u5728\u754c(Real)\u8fd9\u4e09\u4e2a\u7ef4\u5ea6\u7684\u7406\u8bba\u6784\u6210\u4e86\u62c9\u5eb7\u5927\u90e8\u5206\u601d\u60f3\u5386\u7a0b\u4e2d\u5404\u79cd\u6982\u5ff5\u548c\u9636\u6bb5\u7684\u57fa\u672c\u6846\u67b6\u3002\u5728\u4ed6\u591a\u5e74\u7684\u5de5\u4f5c\u4e2d\uff0c\u4ed6\u5bf9\u8fd9\u4e09\u4e2a\u7ef4\u5ea6\u5404\u81ea\u7684\u7279\u5f81\u4ee5\u53ca\u5b83\u4eec\u4e4b\u95f4\u5173\u7cfb\u7684\u63cf\u8ff0\u7ecf\u5386\u4e86\u591a\u6b21\u4fee\u8ba2\u548c\u8f6c\u53d8\u3002\u6b63\u5982\u4e0b\u6587\u5c06\u8d8a\u6765\u8d8a\u660e\u663e\u5730\u8868\u660e\u7684\u90a3\u6837\uff0c\u5927\u591a\u6570\u62c9\u5eb7\u5f0f\u6982\u5ff5\u90fd\u662f\u5728\u4e0e\u8fd9\u4e09\u4e2a\u7ef4\u5ea6\u7684\u8054\u7cfb\u4e2d\u5f97\u5230\u5b9a\u4e49\u7684\u3002\u5230\u4e861970\u5e74\u4ee3\uff0c\u901a\u8fc7\u5bf9\u6ce2\u6d1b\u7c73\u7ed3 (Borromean knot) \u8fd9\u4e00\u62d3\u6251\u5b66\u56fe\u5f62\u7684\u51a5\u60f3\u2014\u2014\u8fd9\u79cd\u5728\u6ce2\u6d1b\u7c73\u5965 (Borromeo) \u5bb6\u65cf\u7eb9\u7ae0\u4e0a\u51fa\u73b0\u7684\u4e09\u73af\u7ed3\u6784\u7684\u7279\u70b9\u662f\uff0c\u5982\u679c\u5176\u4e2d\u4e00\u73af\u65ad\u88c2\uff0c\u6240\u6709\u4e09\u73af\u90fd\u4f1a\u5206\u79bb\u89e3\u5f00\u2014\u2014\u62c9\u5eb7\u5f3a\u8c03\u4e86\u8fd9\u4e9b\u7ef4\u5ea6\u4e4b\u95f4\u7684\u76f8\u4e92\u4f9d\u8d56\u6027\u3002<\/p>\n

  \u56e0\u6b64\uff0c\u7c97\u7565\u5730\u8bf4\uff0c\u60f3\u8c61\u754c\u3001\u8c61\u5f81\u754c\u548c\u5b9e\u5728\u754c\u53ef\u4ee5\u88ab\u7406\u89e3\u4e3a\u62c9\u5eb7\u5f0f\u5fc3\u7406\u4e3b\u4f53\u6027\u7684\u4e09\u4e2a\u57fa\u672c\u7ef4\u5ea6\u3002\u6b64\u5916\uff0c\u5b66\u8005\u4eec\u6709\u65f6\u5c06\u62c9\u5eb7\u7684\u53d1\u5c55\u5212\u5206\u4e3a\u4e09\u4e2a\u4e3b\u8981\u65f6\u671f\uff0c\u6bcf\u4e2a\u65f6\u671f\u90fd\u4ee5\u5176\u4e2d\u4e00\u4e2a\u7ef4\u5ea6\u7684\u4f18\u5148\u6027\u4e3a\u7279\u5f81\uff1a\u65e9\u671f\u62c9\u5eb7\u5173\u6ce8\u60f3\u8c61\u754c (1930\u548c1940\u5e74\u4ee3)\uff0c\u4e2d\u671f\u62c9\u5eb7\u5173\u6ce8\u8c61\u5f81\u754c (1950\u5e74\u4ee3)\uff0c\u665a\u671f\u62c9\u5eb7\u5173\u6ce8\u5b9e\u5728\u754c (1960\u548c1970\u5e74\u4ee3)\u3002<\/p>\n

  \u7136\u800c\uff0c\u8fd9\u79cd\u6574\u9f50\u5212\u4e00\u7684\u65f6\u671f\u5212\u5206\u5e94\u8be5\u8c28\u614e\u5bf9\u5f85\uff0c\u56e0\u4e3a\u5728\u62c9\u5eb7\u6574\u4e2a\u6f2b\u957f\u7684\u6559\u5b66\u751f\u6daf\u4e2d\uff0c\u5b58\u5728\u7740\u4e0d\u7b26\u5408\u8fd9\u79cd\u65e9\u671f-\u4e2d\u671f-\u665a\u671f\u56fe\u5f0f\u7684\u590d\u6742\u8fde\u7eed\u6027\u548c\u975e\u8fde\u7eed\u6027\u3002<\/p>\n

2.1.1 The Imaginary<\/h4>\n

  \u62c9\u5eb7\u503e\u5411\u4e8e(\u5c3d\u7ba1\u4e0d\u662f\u6392\u4ed6\u5730)\u5c06\u60f3\u8c61\u754c (Imaginary) \u4e0e\u6709\u9650\u7684\u610f\u8bc6\u548c\u81ea\u6211\u610f\u8bc6\u9886\u57df\u8054\u7cfb\u8d77\u6765\u3002\u5b83\u662f\u4e0e\u4eba\u4eec\u6240\u4f53\u9a8c\u7684\u975e\u7cbe\u795e\u5206\u6790\u7684\u65e5\u5e38\u73b0\u5b9e\u8054\u7cfb\u6700\u7d27\u5bc6\u7684\u7ef4\u5ea6\u3002\u4eba\u4eec"\u60f3\u8c61"\u4ed6\u4eba\u662f\u8c01\u3001\u662f\u4ec0\u4e48\uff0c\u7531\u6b64"\u60f3\u8c61"\u4ed6\u4eec\u5728\u4ea4\u9645\u4e92\u52a8\u4e2d\u7684\u610f\u56fe\u662f\u4ec0\u4e48\uff0c"\u60f3\u8c61"\u81ea\u5df1\u662f\u8c01\u3001\u662f\u4ec0\u4e48\uff0c\u5305\u62ec\u4ece\u4ed6\u4eba\u60f3\u8c61\u7684\u89c6\u89d2\u6765\u770b\u81ea\u5df1\u2014\u2014\u6240\u6709\u8fd9\u4e9b\u90fd\u5305\u542b\u5728\u8fd9\u4e00\u7ef4\u5ea6\u4e4b\u4e0b\u3002\u8fd9\u6837\u7684\u63cf\u8ff0\u8868\u660e\u4e86\u60f3\u8c61\u754c (Imaginary) \u5982\u4f55\u6307\u5411\u6838\u5fc3\u7684\u5206\u6790\u6982\u5ff5\uff0c\u5982\u79fb\u60c5 (transference)\u3001\u5e7b\u60f3 (fantasy) \u548c\u81ea\u6211 (ego)\u3002\u7279\u522b\u662f\uff0c\u60f3\u8c61\u754c (Imaginary) \u5728\u62c9\u5eb7\u5173\u4e8e\u81ea\u6211\u5f62\u6210\u7684\u8bba\u8ff0\u4e2d\u5360\u636e\u4e2d\u5fc3\u4f4d\u7f6e(\u5982\u955c\u50cf\u9636\u6bb5\u7406\u8bba\u6240\u793a\u2014\u2014\u89c12.2\u8282)\u3002<\/p>\n

  \u5f53\u62c9\u5eb7\u5c06\u4ed61930\u548c1940\u5e74\u4ee3\u7684\u65e9\u671f\u5de5\u4f5c\u4e0e1950\u5e74\u4ee3\u53d7\u7ed3\u6784\u4e3b\u4e49\u5f71\u54cd\u7684\u7406\u8bba\u6574\u5408\u65f6\uff0c\u4ed6\u5f00\u59cb\u5f3a\u8c03\u60f3\u8c61\u754c (Imaginary) \u5bf9\u8c61\u5f81\u754c (Symbolic) \u7684\u4f9d\u8d56\u6027\u3002\u8fd9\u79cd\u4f9d\u8d56\u610f\u5473\u7740\u66f4\u591a\u7684\u611f\u77e5-\u77e5\u89c9\u73b0\u8c61(\u8eab\u4f53\u7684\u610f\u8c61\u548c\u4f53\u9a8c\u3001\u4f5c\u4e3a\u6709\u610f\u8bc6\u60c5\u7eea\u7684\u60c5\u611f\u3001\u5bf9\u4ed6\u4eba\u601d\u60f3\u548c\u611f\u53d7\u7684\u60f3\u8c61\u7b49)\u90fd\u88ab\u793e\u4f1a\u8bed\u8a00\u5b66\u7684\u7ed3\u6784\u548c\u52a8\u529b\u6240\u5851\u9020\u3001\u5f15\u5bfc\u548c(\u8fc7\u5ea6)\u51b3\u5b9a\u3002\u968f\u7740\u5b9e\u5728\u754c (Real) \u57281960\u5e74\u4ee3\u7684\u65e5\u76ca\u91cd\u8981\u4ee5\u53ca1970\u5e74\u4ee3\u6ce2\u6d1b\u7c73\u7ed3\u7406\u8bba\u7684\u51fa\u73b0\uff0c\u663e\u7136\u62c9\u5eb7\u5c06\u60f3\u8c61\u754c (Imaginary) \u89c6\u4e3a\u4e0e\u5176\u4ed6\u4e24\u4e2a\u7ef4\u5ea6\u5bc6\u4e0d\u53ef\u5206(\u987a\u4fbf\u8bf4\u660e\uff0c\u60f3\u8c61\u754c\u548c\u8c61\u5f81\u754c\u4f5c\u4e3a\u76f8\u4e92\u6574\u5408\u7684\u6574\u4f53\uff0c\u6784\u6210\u4e86\u4e0e\u5b9e\u5728\u754c\u76f8\u5bf9\u7684"\u73b0\u5b9e"\u9886\u57df)\u3002\u4e8b\u5b9e\u4e0a\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u8ba4\u4e3a\u60f3\u8c61\u754c (Imaginary) \u603b\u662f\u6d89\u53ca\u8303\u7574\u9519\u8bef\u3002\u66f4\u5177\u4f53\u5730\u8bf4\uff0c\u5b83\u662f\u5176\u4ed6\u4e24\u4e2a\u7ef4\u5ea6\u76f8\u4e92\u8bef\u8ba4\u7684\u7ef4\u5ea6\uff1a\u5b9e\u5728\u754c (Real) \u88ab\u8bef\u8ba4\u4e3a\u8c61\u5f81\u754c (Symbolic)(\u4f8b\u5982\uff0c\u5728\u67d0\u4e9b\u5f3a\u8feb\u6027\u795e\u7ecf\u75c7\u548c\u504f\u6267\u6027\u7cbe\u795e\u75c5\u75c7\u72b6\u4e2d\uff0c\u975e\u4eba\u7c7b\u5bf9\u8c61\u7684\u7269\u8d28\u4e16\u754c\u5c42\u9762\u4e0a\u67d0\u4e9b\u65e0\u610f\u4e49\u7684\u5076\u7136\u4e8b\u4ef6\u88ab\u89c6\u4e3a\u5145\u6ee1\u6df1\u5c42\u610f\u4e49\u7684\u7b26\u53f7\uff0c\u9700\u8981\u88ab\u7834\u8bd1\u548c\u8be0\u91ca)\uff0c\u800c\u8c61\u5f81\u754c (Symbolic) \u5219\u88ab\u8bef\u8ba4\u4e3a\u5b9e\u5728\u754c (Real)(\u4f8b\u5982\uff0c\u5728\u5fc3\u7406\u8eab\u4f53\u578b\u7684"\u8f6c\u6362\u75c7\u72b6"\u4e2d\uff0c\u4ee5\u8bed\u8a00\u548c\u89c2\u5ff5\u7f16\u7801\u7684\u65e0\u610f\u8bc6\u5fc3\u7406\u51b2\u7a81\u88ab\u4f53\u9a8c\u4e3a\u8eab\u4f53\u7684\u75db\u82e6\u548c\u75be\u75c5)\u3002<\/p>\n

  \u901a\u8fc7\u9009\u62e9"imaginary"\u8fd9\u4e2a\u8bcd\uff0c\u62c9\u5eb7\u786e\u5b9e\u610f\u5728\u6307\u4ee3\u865a\u6784\u7684\u3001\u6a21\u62df\u7684\u3001\u865a\u62df\u7684\u7b49\u7c7b\u4f3c\u6982\u5ff5\u3002\u7136\u800c\uff0c\u60f3\u8c61\u754c (Imaginary) \u7684\u73b0\u8c61\u662f\u5fc5\u8981\u7684\u5e7b\u89c9(\u7528\u5eb7\u5fb7\u7684\u8bf4\u6cd5)\u6216\u5b9e\u5728\u7684\u62bd\u8c61(\u7528\u9a6c\u514b\u601d\u7684\u8bf4\u6cd5)\u3002\u8fd9\u8868\u660e\u4e86\u4e24\u70b9\u3002\u9996\u5148\uff0c\u4f5c\u4e3a\u62c9\u5eb7\u4e09\u4e2a\u57fa\u672c\u7684\u3001\u672c\u8d28\u7684\u7ef4\u5ea6\u4e4b\u4e00\uff0c\u60f3\u8c61\u754c (Imaginary) \u662f\u8a00\u8bf4\u7684\u5fc3\u7406\u4e3b\u4f53\u5b58\u5728\u7684\u5185\u5728\u7684\u3001\u4e0d\u53ef\u907f\u514d\u7684\u7ef4\u5ea6\uff1b\u6b63\u5982\u5206\u6790\u4e0d\u80fd(\u4e5f\u4e0d\u5e94\u8be5\u8bd5\u56fe)\u6d88\u9664\u5206\u6790\u8005 (analysand) \u7684\u65e0\u610f\u8bc6\u4e00\u6837\uff0c\u6d88\u9664\u8fd9\u4e00\u7ef4\u5ea6\u7684\u5e7b\u89c9\u65e2\u4e0d\u53ef\u80fd\u4e5f\u4e0d\u53ef\u53d6\u3002\u5176\u6b21\uff0c\u60f3\u8c61\u754c (Imaginary) \u7684\u865a\u6784\u62bd\u8c61\u8fdc\u975e\u4ec5\u4ec5\u662f"\u975e\u771f\u5b9e\u7684"\u3001\u65e0\u6548\u7684\u3001\u65e0\u5173\u7d27\u8981\u7684\u9644\u5e26\u73b0\u8c61\uff0c\u800c\u662f\u5b9e\u9645\u7684\u3001\u4e8b\u5b9e\u7684\u4eba\u7c7b\u73b0\u5b9e\u7684\u7ec4\u6210\u90e8\u5206\uff0c\u5e76\u5bf9\u5176\u4ea7\u751f\u975e\u5e38\u5177\u4f53\u7684\u5f71\u54cd\u3002<\/p>\n

2.1.2 The Symbolic<\/h4>\n

  \u62c9\u5eb7\u7684\u8c61\u5f81\u754c (Symbolic) \u6700\u521d\u662f\u57fa\u4e8e\u7ed3\u6784\u4e3b\u4e49\u63d0\u4f9b\u7684\u8d44\u6e90\u800c\u7406\u8bba\u5316\u7684\u3002\u8fd9\u4e00\u7ef4\u5ea6\u4e0e\u7d22\u7eea\u5c14 (Saussure) \u548c\u7279\u5b9a\u7684\u540e\u7d22\u7eea\u5c14\u4e3b\u4e49\u8005\u6240\u63cf\u8ff0\u7684\u81ea\u7136\u8bed\u8a00\u76f8\u8054\u7cfb\uff0c\u540c\u65f6\u4e5f\u6307\u6d89\u6587\u5316\u548c\u793e\u4f1a\u4e2d\u7684\u4e60\u4fd7\u3001\u5236\u5ea6\u3001\u6cd5\u5f8b\u3001\u98ce\u4fd7\u3001\u89c4\u8303\u3001\u5b9e\u8df5\u3001\u4eea\u5f0f\u3001\u89c4\u5219\u3001\u4f20\u7edf\u7b49(\u8fd9\u4e9b\u8981\u7d20\u4ee5\u5404\u79cd\u65b9\u5f0f\u4e0e\u8bed\u8a00\u4ea4\u7ec7\u5728\u4e00\u8d77)\u3002\u62c9\u5eb7\u7684"\u8c61\u5f81\u79e9\u5e8f (symbolic order)"\u4e00\u8bcd\u5305\u542b\u4e86\u4e0a\u8ff0\u6240\u6709\u5185\u5bb9\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u88ab\u7406\u89e3\u4e3a\u4e0e\u9ed1\u683c\u5c14\u6240\u6307\u7684"\u5ba2\u89c2\u7cbe\u795e (objective spirit)"\u5927\u81f4\u7b49\u540c\u3002\u8fd9\u4e2a\u975e\u81ea\u7136\u7684\u5b87\u5b99\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u590d\u6742\u7684\u4e3b\u4f53\u95f4\u6027\u548c\u8de8\u4e3b\u4f53\u6027\u8bed\u5883\u7684\u96c6\u5408\uff0c\u4e2a\u4f53\u4eba\u7c7b\u4e00\u51fa\u751f\u5c31\u88ab\u6295\u5165\u5176\u4e2d(\u7c7b\u4f3c\u4e8e\u6d77\u5fb7\u683c\u5c14\u7684"\u88ab\u629b\u72b6\u6001" (Geworfenheit))\uff0c\u8fd9\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u9884\u5148\u4e3a\u4ed6\u4eec\u51c6\u5907\u597d\u4f4d\u7f6e\u5e76\u5f71\u54cd\u5176\u540e\u7eed\u751f\u6d3b\u53d8\u8fc1\u7684\u65e2\u5b58\u79e9\u5e8f\u3002<\/p>\n

  \u6839\u636e\u62c9\u5eb7\u7684\u89c2\u70b9\uff0c\u96c6\u4f53\u8c61\u5f81\u79e9\u5e8f(\u6709\u65f6\u88ab\u79f0\u4e3a"\u5927\u4ed6\u8005 (the big Other)"\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e00\u8bf4\u6cd5\u5c06\u5728\u540e\u6587\u8fdb\u4e00\u6b65\u9610\u91ca\u2014\u2014\u89c12.3\u8282)\u662f\u72ec\u7279\u4e3b\u4f53\u6027\u5f97\u4ee5\u53ef\u80fd\u7684\u6700\u91cd\u8981\u548c\u4e0d\u53ef\u6216\u7f3a\u7684\u6761\u4ef6\u4e4b\u4e00(\u5982\u679c\u4e0d\u662f\u6700\u91cd\u8981\u7684\u6761\u4ef6\u7684\u8bdd)\u3002\u4e2a\u4f53\u4e3b\u4f53\u662f\u901a\u8fc7\u8c61\u5f81\u754c (Symbolic) \u7ef4\u5ea6\u4e2d\u793e\u4f1a\u8bed\u8a00\u5b66\u7684\u5b89\u6392\u548c\u6784\u578b\u7684\u4e2d\u4ecb\u800c\u6210\u5176\u4e3a\u4e3b\u4f53\u7684\u3002\u7279\u522b\u662f\u5728"\u56de\u5f52\u5f17\u6d1b\u4f0a\u5fb7"\u65f6\u671f\uff0c\u5206\u6790\u6027\u65e0\u610f\u8bc6(\u4f5c\u4e3a"\u5982\u8bed\u8a00\u822c\u7ed3\u6784\u5316\u7684")\u88ab\u63cf\u8ff0\u4e3a\u76f8\u4e92\u5173\u8054\u7684\u80fd\u6307(\u5373"\u80fd\u6307\u94fe (signifying chains)")\u7684\u52a8\u6001\u7f51\u7edc\u3002\u7531\u6b64\u8868\u660e\uff0c\u65e0\u610f\u8bc6\u672c\u8eab\u5177\u6709\u8c61\u5f81\u754c\u7684(\u53cd)\u672c\u8d28\uff0c\u5fc5\u987b\u901a\u8fc7\u8a00\u8bf4\u8fd9\u4e00\u8c61\u5f81\u6027\u5a92\u4ecb\u6765\u8fdb\u884c\u9610\u91ca\uff0c\u4e5f\u5c31\u662f\u8bf4\uff0c\u901a\u8fc7\u65e0\u610f\u8bc6\u7684\u8a00\u8bf4\u4e3b\u4f53 (parl\u00eatre) \u7684\u81ea\u5728\u5b58\u5728\u7684\u672c\u8d28\u672c\u8eab\u6765\u8fdb\u884c\u9610\u91ca\u3002\u6b64\u5916\uff0c\u62c9\u5eb7\u5f0f\u7684\u65e0\u610f\u8bc6\u662f\u50cf"langage"\u800c\u4e0d\u662f"langue"\u90a3\u6837\u88ab\u7ed3\u6784\u5316\u7684\u3002\u5c3d\u7ba1\u8fd9\u4e24\u4e2a\u6cd5\u8bed\u8bcd\u90fd\u53ef\u4ee5\u88ab\u7ffb\u8bd1\u6210\u82f1\u8bed\u4e2d\u7684"language"\uff0c\u4f46\u524d\u8005 (langage) \u6307\u7684\u662f\u4e0d\u4e00\u5b9a\u7279\u5b9a\u4e8e\u67d0\u79cd\u81ea\u7136\u8bed\u8a00\u7684\u53e5\u6cd5\u548c\u8bed\u4e49\u7684\u903b\u8f91\u548c\u7ed3\u6784\uff0c\u800c\u540e\u8005 (langue)(\u4e5f\u53ef\u4ee5\u88ab\u7ffb\u8bd1\u6210\u82f1\u8bed\u4e2d\u7684"tongue")\u5219\u786e\u5b9e\u6307\u7684\u662f\u81ea\u7136\u8bed\u8a00\u7684\u6982\u5ff5\u3002\u56e0\u6b64\uff0c\u62c9\u5eb7\u5e76\u4e0d\u662f\u8bf4\u65e0\u610f\u8bc6\u662f\u50cf\u6cd5\u8bed\u3001\u5fb7\u8bed\u3001\u82f1\u8bed\u3001\u897f\u73ed\u7259\u8bed\u6216\u4efb\u4f55\u5176\u4ed6\u7279\u5b9a\u81ea\u7136\u8bed\u8a00\u90a3\u6837\u88ab\u7ed3\u6784\u5316\u7684\u3002<\/p>\n

  \u5c3d\u7ba1\u8c61\u5f81\u754c (Symbolic) \u8fd9\u4e00\u7ef4\u5ea6\u76f4\u5230\u62c9\u5eb71950\u5e74\u4ee3\u7684\u7ed3\u6784\u4e3b\u4e49\u9636\u6bb5\u624d\u51f8\u663e\u51fa\u6765\uff0c\u4f46\u53ef\u4ee5\u8bf4\u5728\u4ed6\u7684\u65e9\u671f\u6587\u672c\u4e2d\u5df2\u7ecf\u6709\u4e86\u5176\u96cf\u5f62\u3002\u65e9\u57281938\u5e74\uff0c\u300a\u5bb6\u5ead\u60c5\u7ed3\u300b("The Family Complexes") \u8fd9\u7bc7\u767e\u79d1\u5168\u4e66\u6587\u7ae0\u4e2d\u7684"\u60c5\u7ed3"\u6982\u5ff5\u5c31\u9884\u793a\u4e86\u62c9\u5eb7\u5982\u4f55\u901a\u8fc7\u5217\u7ef4-\u65af\u7279\u52b3\u65af (L\u00e9vi-Strauss) \u7684\u7ed3\u6784\u4eba\u7c7b\u5b66\u6765\u91cd\u94f8\u5f17\u6d1b\u4f0a\u5fb7\u7684\u4fc4\u72c4\u6d66\u65af\u60c5\u7ed3 (Oedipus complex)\u3002\u540c\u6837\uff0c1945\u5e74\u300a\u903b\u8f91\u65f6\u95f4\u4e0e\u9884\u671f\u786e\u5b9a\u6027\u7684\u65ad\u8a00\u300b("Logical Time and the Assertion of Anticipated Certainty") \u4e2d\u63cf\u8ff0\u7684\u56da\u5f92\u56f0\u5883\u573a\u666f\u5c55\u793a\u4e86\u4e00\u4e2a\u5f62\u5f0f\u5316\u7684\u535a\u5f08\u8bba\u88c5\u7f6e\u5982\u4f55\u652f\u914d\u7f6e\u8eab\u5176\u4e2d\u7684\u4e3b\u4f53\u7684\u751f\u6d3b\u4f53\u9a8c\u3002\u6b64\u5916\uff0c1949\u5e74\u5173\u4e8e\u300a\u955c\u50cf\u9636\u6bb5\u300b("The Mirror Stage") \u7684\u6587\u732e\u6697\u793a\u4e86\u793e\u4f1a-\u8c61\u5f81\u73af\u5883(\u9996\u5148\u4e14\u6700\u91cd\u8981\u7684\u662f\u7531\u7236\u6bcd\u7167\u6599\u8005\u4f53\u73b0)\u7684\u4f7f\u80fd\u6027\u80cc\u666f\u5b58\u5728\uff0c\u4f5c\u4e3a\u4fc3\u4f7f\u513f\u7ae5\u8ba4\u540c\u5176\u81ea\u8eab\u955c\u50cf\u7684\u89e6\u53d1\u56e0\u7d20(\u6b63\u5982\u6211\u5c06\u5728\u540e\u6587\u8ba8\u8bba\u7684\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e00\u6697\u793a\u5728\u62c9\u5eb71960\u5e74\u4ee3\u5bf9\u955c\u50cf\u9636\u6bb5\u7684\u4fee\u8ba2\u4e2d\u5f97\u5230\u4e86\u6269\u5c55\u548c\u6da6\u8272\u2014\u2014\u89c12.2\u8282)\u3002<\/p>\n

  \u5c3d\u7ba1\u5b9e\u5728\u754c (Real) \u7684\u7ef4\u5ea6\u57281959-1960\u5e74\u524d\u540e\u5f00\u59cb\u663e\u8457\u7a81\u51fa\uff0c\u4f46\u8c61\u5f81\u754c (Symbolic) \u5728\u62c9\u5eb7\u7684\u6559\u5b66\u4e2d\u4e00\u76f4\u53d1\u6325\u7740\u5173\u952e\u4f5c\u7528\uff0c\u76f4\u52301980\u5e74\u4ee3\u521d\u3002\u4f8b\u5982\uff0c\u5728\u7b2c17\u671f\u7814\u8ba8\u73ed(1969-1970)\u548c\u540c\u671f\u7684\u300a\u5e7f\u64ad\u8bbf\u8c08\u300b("Radiophonie") \u4e2d\uff0c\u62c9\u5eb7\u521b\u5efa\u4e86\u4ed6\u7684"\u56db\u79cd\u8bdd\u8bed"\u7406\u8bba(\u5305\u62ec"\u4e3b\u4eba\u8bdd\u8bed"\u3001"\u5927\u5b66\u8bdd\u8bed"\u3001"\u6b47\u65af\u5e95\u91cc\u8bdd\u8bed"\u548c"\u5206\u6790\u5bb6\u8bdd\u8bed")\uff0c\u4ee5\u53cd\u6620\u6784\u5efa\u8a00\u8bf4\u4e3b\u4f53\u4e4b\u95f4\u5173\u7cfb\u7684\u591a\u91cd"\u793e\u4f1a\u8fde\u63a5"\u7684\u76f8\u4e92\u5173\u8054\u7684\u7f6e\u6362\u3002\u66f4\u666e\u904d\u5730\u8bf4\uff0c\u540e\u671f\u62c9\u5eb7\u4ecd\u7136\u4f9d\u8d56\u4e8e\u8c61\u5f81\u754c\u7684\u5b9e\u5728\u9762\u8fd9\u4e00\u6982\u5ff5\uff0c\u8fd9\u6307\u7684\u662f\u80fd\u6307\u5728\u5176\u65e0\u610f\u4e49\u7684\u3001\u65e0sense\u7684\u7269\u8d28\u6027\u4e2d\u4f5c\u4e3a\u53ef\u89c1\u7684\u6807\u8bb0\u548c\u53ef\u542c\u7684\u58f0\u97f3(\u5373\u62c9\u5eb7\u6280\u672f\u610f\u4e49\u4e0a\u7684"\u5b57\u6bcd (letters)")\u7684\u5b58\u5728\u2014\u2014\u8fd9\u4e0e\u8c61\u5f81\u754c\u7684\u60f3\u8c61\u9762\u5f62\u6210\u5bf9\u6bd4\uff0c\u5728\u60f3\u8c61\u9762\u4e2d\uff0c\u80fd\u6307\u4e0e\u6240\u6307\u914d\u5bf9\u5f62\u6210\u6709\u610f\u4e49\u7684\u3001\u6709\u663e\u8457\u6027\u7684\u7b26\u53f7(\u7c7b\u4f3c\u4e8e\u7d22\u7eea\u5c14 (Saussure) \u5bf9\u81ea\u7136\u8bed\u8a00\u6210\u529f\u4ea4\u9645\u7684\u7ecf\u5178\u89e3\u91ca)\u3002\u8fd9\u79cd\u65e0\u610f\u4e49\u7684\u80fd\u6307\u53ca\u5176\u94fe\u63a5\u6784\u6210\u4e86\u62c9\u5eb7\u540e\u671f\u5bf9\u5f17\u6d1b\u4f0a\u5fb7\u539f\u521d\u8fc7\u7a0b (primary processes) \u7684\u8be0\u91ca\uff0c\u5373\u65e0\u610f\u8bc6\u5fc3\u667a\u7684\u72ec\u7279\u601d\u7ef4\u65b9\u5f0f\u3002<\/p>\n

  \u5f53\u62c9\u5eb7\u63d0\u5230"\u7ed3\u6784" (structure) \u8fd9\u4e2a\u4ed6\u7ecf\u5e38\u4f7f\u7528\u7684\u8bcd\u65f6\uff0c\u4ed6\u901a\u5e38\u6307\u7684\u662f\u8c61\u5f81\u754c (Symbolic) \u8fd9\u4e00\u7ef4\u5ea6\u3002\u5728"\u56de\u5f52\u5f17\u6d1b\u4f0a\u5fb7"\u65f6\u671f\u548c\u540e\u671f\u6559\u5b66\u4e4b\u95f4\uff0c\u62c9\u5eb7\u91cd\u65b0\u8003\u8651\u5e76\u6539\u53d8\u4e86\u4ed6\u90a3\u4e2a\u57fa\u672c\u4e3b\u5f20\u2014\u2014"\u65e0\u610f\u8bc6\u662f\u5982\u8bed\u8a00\u822c\u7ed3\u6784\u5316\u7684"\u4e2d"\u5982\u8bed\u8a00\u822c (comme un langage)"\u8fd9\u4e00\u90e8\u5206\u7684\u6982\u5ff5\u5185\u6db5\u3002\u7136\u800c\uff0c\u4ece1950\u5e74\u4ee3\u76f4\u5230\u53bb\u4e16\uff0c\u4ed6\u5bf9\u5f17\u6d1b\u4f0a\u5fb7\u53d1\u73b0\u7684\u7279\u5b9a\u8be0\u91ca\u59cb\u7ec8\u575a\u6301"\u65e0\u610f\u8bc6\u662f\u7ed3\u6784\u5316\u7684"\u8fd9\u4e00\u8bba\u9898\u3002\u4e5f\u5c31\u662f\u8bf4\uff0c\u4f5c\u4e3a\u4e0e\u8c61\u5f81\u754c (Symbolic) \u76f8\u5173\u8054\u7684\u65e0\u610f\u8bc6\uff0c\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u590d\u6742\u7684\u3001\u8ff7\u5bab\u822c\u7684\u89c2\u5ff5\u8868\u8c61\u7f51\u7edc\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e9b\u8868\u8c61\u4ee5\u591a\u91cd\u590d\u6742\u7684\u65b9\u5f0f\u76f8\u4e92\u5173\u8054\u3002\u4e0e\u90a3\u4e9b\u5c06\u5f17\u6d1b\u4f0a\u5fb7\u5206\u6790\u7c97\u7565\u5730\u4fd7\u4fd7\u7406\u89e3\u4e3a\u4e00\u79cd\u975e\u7406\u6027\u4e3b\u4e49\u7684\u3001\u65b0\u6d6a\u6f2b\u4e3b\u4e49\u7684\u3001\u5173\u4e8e\u4e0d\u53d7\u7ea6\u675f\u7684\u81ea\u7136\u6df1\u5ea6\u7684\u5fc3\u7406\u5b66\u7684\u901a\u4fd7\u89c2\u70b9\u76f8\u53cd\uff0c\u65e0\u610f\u8bc6\u5e76\u975e\u672c\u6211 (id)\uff0c\u5373\u5e76\u975e\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u65e0\u5e8f\u7684\u3001\u7ffb\u817e\u7740\u7684\u3001\u5145\u6ee1\u672a\u7ecf\u601d\u8003\u7684\u52a8\u7269\u672c\u80fd\u7684\u5927\u9505(\u6362\u8a00\u4e4b\uff0c\u67d0\u79cd\u65e0\u7ed3\u6784\u7684\u4e1c\u897f)\u3002<\/p>\n

2.1.3 The Real<\/h4>\n

  \u5b9e\u5728\u754c (Real) \u8fd9\u4e00\u7ef4\u5ea6\u96be\u4ee5\u7b80\u5355\u6982\u62ec\uff0c\u4e5f\u65e0\u6cd5\u901a\u8fc7\u7b80\u660e\u7684\u5b9a\u4e49\u88ab\u51c6\u786e\u628a\u63e1\u3002\u62c9\u5eb7\u5173\u4e8e\u5b9e\u5728\u754c\u7684\u4f17\u591a\u4e14\u4e0d\u65ad\u53d8\u5316\u7684\u8bba\u8ff0\u672c\u8eab\u5c31\u90e8\u5206\u5bfc\u81f4\u4e86\u8fd9\u79cd\u96be\u4ee5\u76f4\u63a5\u628a\u63e1\u7684\u7279\u6027\u3002\u4f46\u662f\uff0c\u8fd9\u79cd\u96be\u4ee5\u628a\u63e1\u6027\u672c\u8eab\u4e0d\u4ec5\u4ec5\u662f\u7406\u89e3\u5b9e\u5728\u754c\u7684\u969c\u788d\uff0c\u53cd\u800c\u6070\u6070\u63ed\u793a\u4e86\u8fd9\u4e00\u7ef4\u5ea6\u7684\u672c\u8d28\u3002\u66f4\u786e\u5207\u5730\u8bf4\uff0c\u4f5c\u4e3a\u60f3\u8c61-\u8c61\u5f81\u73b0\u5b9e (Imaginary-Symbolic reality) \u4e4b\u5916\u7684\u4e1c\u897f\u2014\u2014\u8fd9\u4e2a\u73b0\u5b9e\u662f\u5305\u542b\u610f\u8bc6\u628a\u63e1\u3001\u53ef\u4ea4\u6d41\u610f\u4e49\u7b49\u7684\u9886\u57df\u2014\u2014\u5b9e\u5728\u754c\u672c\u8d28\u4e0a\u662f\u96be\u4ee5\u6349\u6478\u7684\uff0c\u5b83\u672c\u6027\u4e0a\u6297\u62d2\u88ab\u60f3\u8c61-\u8c61\u5f81\u7b26\u53f7\u94fe\u6761\u7684\u53ef\u7406\u89e3\u4e14\u6709\u610f\u4e49\u7684\u8868\u8ff0\u6240\u6355\u83b7\u3002\u6b63\u5982\u62c9\u5eb7\u53cd\u590d\u5f3a\u8c03\u7684\uff0c\u5b83\u662f\u76f8\u5bf9\u4e8e\u73b0\u5b9e\u800c\u8a00\u7684\u4e00\u79cd"\u4e0d\u53ef\u80fd\u6027 (impossibility)"\u3002<\/p>\n

  \u62c9\u5eb7\u6700\u65e9\u4f7f\u7528"\u5b9e\u5728\u754c (Real)"\u8fd9\u4e00\u672f\u8bed\u65f6\uff0c\u662f\u7528\u5b83\u6765\u6307\u4ee3\u81ea\u5728 (an sich) \u7684\u7269\u8d28\u5b58\u5728\uff0c\u5373\u5927\u81f4\u7b49\u540c\u4e8e\u5eb7\u5fb7\u7684\u7269\u81ea\u4f53 (things-in-themselves) \u7684\u7269\u7406\u5b58\u5728\u7269\u3002\u56e0\u6b64\uff0c\u5b9e\u5728\u754c\u6307\u7684\u662f\u8d85\u8d8a\u3001\u4f4d\u4e8e\u80cc\u540e\u6216\u4f4d\u4e8e\u7b2c\u4e00\u4eba\u79f0\u610f\u8bc6\u7684\u76f4\u63a5\u7ecf\u9a8c\u53ef\u53ca\u7684\u73b0\u8c61\u8868\u8c61\u4e4b\u4e0b\u7684\u4efb\u4f55\u4e8b\u7269\u3002\u8fd9\u79cd\u5bf9\u5b9e\u5728\u754c\u7684\u7279\u5f81\u63cf\u8ff0\u4e00\u76f4\u5ef6\u7eed\u5230\u62c9\u5eb7\u6210\u719f\u7684\u7ef4\u5ea6\u7406\u8bba\u7684\u6700\u521d\u7248\u672c\uff0c\u8be5\u7406\u8bba\u5728\u6574\u4e2a1950\u5e74\u4ee3\u5f97\u5230\u521d\u6b65\u9610\u8ff0\u3002\u5728\u8fd9\u4e2a"\u56de\u5f52\u5f17\u6d1b\u4f0a\u5fb7"\u7684\u5341\u5e74\u4e2d\uff0c\u5b9e\u5728\u754c\u8fd8\u4e0e\u62c9\u5eb7\u5f53\u65f6\u6b63\u5728\u5f62\u6210\u7684\u7cbe\u795e\u75c5\u7406\u8bba\u548c\u4ed6\u8005\u6027 (Otherness) \u6982\u5ff5(\u540e\u8005\u5c06\u5728\u540e\u6587\u8ba8\u8bba\u2014\u2014\u89c12.3\u8282)\u5efa\u7acb\u4e86\u8054\u7cfb\u3002\u6b64\u5916\uff0c\u57281950\u5e74\u4ee3\uff0c\u62c9\u5eb7\u503e\u5411\u4e8e\u5c06\u5b9e\u5728\u754c\u63cf\u8ff0\u4e3a\u4e00\u79cd\u7edd\u5bf9\u7684\u5145\u5b9e\u6027\uff0c\u4e00\u79cd\u7eaf\u7cb9\u7684\u5145\u76c8\uff0c\u5176\u4e2d\u4e0d\u5b58\u5728\u7f3a\u4f4d\u3001\u5bf9\u6297\u3001\u88c2\u9699\u3001\u7f3a\u5931\u3001\u5206\u88c2\u7b49\u5426\u5b9a\u6027\u3002\u5728\u8fd9\u6837\u7684\u63cf\u7ed8\u4e2d\uff0c\u4e3b\u8981\u662f\u8c61\u5f81\u754c (Symbolic) \u5c06\u8fd9\u4e9b\u5426\u5b9a\u6027\u6ce8\u5165\u5b9e\u5728\u754c\u3002\u4f8b\u5982\uff0c\u53ea\u6709\u901a\u8fc7\u8bed\u8a00\u7684\u529b\u91cf\uff0c\u624d\u80fd\u8bf4\u7269\u8d28\u5b58\u5728\u672c\u8eab"\u7f3a\u5931"\u4e86\u67d0\u4e9b\u4e1c\u897f\uff0c\u56e0\u4e3a\u5c31\u5176\u672c\u8eab\u800c\u8a00\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e2a\u5b58\u5728\u7ef4\u5ea6\u603b\u662f\u7b80\u5355\u5730\u4f5c\u4e3a\u5176\u611a\u949d\u7684\u3001\u5446\u677f\u7684\u5728\u573a\u800c\u5b58\u5728\uff0c\u65e2\u4e0d\u591a\u4e5f\u4e0d\u5c11\uff0c\u5c31\u662f\u7eaf\u7cb9\u7684\u3001\u65e0\u5dee\u522b\u7684\u5145\u76c8\u3002<\/p>\n

  \u5982\u6211\u524d\u9762\u6240\u8ff0\uff0c1959-1960\u5e74\u7684\u7b2c7\u671f\u7814\u8ba8\u73ed\u6807\u5fd7\u7740\u4e00\u4e2a\u8f6c\u5411\uff1a\u4ece1950\u5e74\u4ee3\u5bf9\u8c61\u5f81\u754c (Symbolic) \u7684\u91cd\u89c6\u8f6c\u5411\u5bf9\u5b9e\u5728\u754c (Real) \u7684\u4f18\u5148\u5173\u6ce8\u3002\u5728\u7b2c7\u671f\u7814\u8ba8\u73ed\u4e4b\u524d\uff0c\u5b9e\u5728\u754c\u5f80\u5f80\u88ab\u63cf\u8ff0\u4e3a\u975e\u8fa9\u8bc1\u7684\u548c\/\u6216\u51c6\u5eb7\u5fb7\u5f0f\u7684\u672f\u8bed\u3002\u5c3d\u7ba1\u5eb7\u5fb7\u662f\u8fd9\u4e2a\u5b66\u5e74\u7684\u4e3b\u8981\u660e\u786e\u7126\u70b9\u4e4b\u4e00\uff0c\u4f46\u62c9\u5eb7\u5728\u8fd9\u4e00\u7814\u8ba8\u73ed\u4e2d\u5bf9\u5b9e\u5728\u754c\u7684\u6301\u7eed\u91cd\u6784\u5f15\u5165\u4e86\u51c6\u9ed1\u683c\u5c14\u5f0f\u7684\u8fa9\u8bc1\u7279\u5f81\uff0c\u4ece\u800c\u4f7f\u4ed6\u5173\u4e8e\u8fd9\u4e00\u7ef4\u5ea6\u7684\u89c2\u5ff5\u53d8\u5f97\u66f4\u52a0\u7ec6\u81f4\u548c\u590d\u6742\u3002\u65b0\u7684\u5b9e\u5728\u754c\u6982\u5ff5\u6d89\u53ca\u5bf9\u7acb\u9762\u7684\u6c47\u805a\uff0c\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u5305\u542b\u8fc7\u5269\u4e0e\u7f3a\u5931\u3001\u76c8\u4f59\u4e0e\u4e8f\u635f\u3001\u5145\u65a5\u7684\u5728\u573a\u4e0e\u6d41\u5931\u7684\u7f3a\u4f4d\u4e4b\u95f4\u5267\u70c8\u632f\u8361\u548c\u4e0d\u7a33\u5b9a\u53cd\u8f6c\u7684\u7ef4\u5ea6\u3002\u5728\u7b2c7\u671f\u7814\u8ba8\u73ed\u4e2d\uff0c\u62c9\u5eb7\u63d0\u51fa\u6bcd\u4eb2\u5f62\u8c61\u4f5c\u4e3a\u652f\u6301\u8fd9\u4e00\u5b9e\u5728\u754c\u8be0\u91ca\u7684\u5173\u952e\u5206\u6790\u53c2\u7167(\u4ed6\u5c06\u8fd9\u4e00\u5f62\u8c61\u4e0e\u53e6\u4e00\u4e2a\u5f62\u8c61\u8054\u7cfb\u8d77\u6765\uff0c\u5373\u5bab\u5ef7\u4e4b\u7231\u4f20\u7edf\u4e2d\u7684"\u8d35\u5987\u4eba"\u5f62\u8c61)\u3002\u5728\u5fc3\u7406-\u529b\u6bd4\u591a\u4e3b\u4f53\u7684\u4e2a\u4f53\u53d1\u751f\u5b66\u751f\u547d\u5386\u53f2\u7684\u5f00\u7aef\uff0c\u6bcd\u4eb2\u8fd9\u4e00\u7167\u6599\u8005\u540c\u65f6\u5177\u6709\u4e24\u9762\u6027\uff1a\u5979\u65e2\u538b\u5012\u6027\u5730\u3001\u4ee4\u4eba\u7a92\u606f\u5730\u5728\u573a\u6216\u63a5\u8fd1\uff0c\u53c8\u5728\u5176\u964c\u751f\u7684\u3001\u4e0d\u53ef\u7a7f\u900f\u7684\u4ed6\u5f02\u6027\u4e2d\u4ee4\u4eba\u6cae\u4e27\u5730\u3001\u4e0d\u53ef\u63a7\u5236\u5730\u7f3a\u5e2d\u6216\u96be\u4ee5\u63a5\u8fd1\uff1b\u5979\u8981\u4e48\u592a\u591a\u8981\u4e48\u592a\u5c11\uff0c\u4ece\u672a\u8fbe\u5230\u6070\u5230\u597d\u5904\u7684\u5e73\u8861\u3002\u968f\u7740\u65f6\u95f4\u63a8\u79fb\u548c\u529b\u6bd4\u591a\u7ecf\u6d4e\u7684\u65f6\u95f4\u6027\u8f6c\u53d8\uff0c\u4f5c\u4e3a\u8fd9\u4e00\u539f\u521d\u7684\u5b9e\u5728\u754c\u4ed6\u8005\u7684\u6bcd\u4eb2\uff0c\u6210\u4e3a\u6240\u6709\u6b32\u671b\u7684\u6c38\u8fdc\u65e0\u6cd5\u4f01\u53ca\u7684"\u81f3\u9ad8\u5584 (Sovereign Good)"\uff0c\u6210\u4e3a\u4e00\u4e2a\u56fa\u5b9a\u7684\u6d88\u901d\u70b9(\u8fd9\u5c31\u662f\u62c9\u5eb7\u5728\u4e0e\u54f2\u5b66\u53f2\u4ee5\u53ca\u5f17\u6d1b\u4f0a\u5fb7\u5bf9\u8bdd\u65f6\u6240\u79f0\u7684"\u7269 (das Ding)"[\u6cd5\u8bed\uff1ala Chose\uff0c\u82f1\u8bed\uff1athe Thing])\u3002<\/p>\n

  \u5728\u6574\u4e2a1960\u5e74\u4ee3\u76f4\u81f3\u62c9\u5eb7\u6559\u5b66\u7684\u7ec8\u7ed3\uff0c\u5b9e\u5728\u754c (Real) \u5177\u6709\u4e86\u8d8a\u6765\u8d8a\u591a\u7684\u9762\u5411\u548c\u5185\u6db5\u3002\u5b83\u65e2\u6210\u4e3a\u4ece\u5916\u90e8\u56f0\u6270\u548c\u963b\u788d\u60f3\u8c61-\u8c61\u5f81\u73b0\u5b9e (Imaginary-Symbolic reality) \u53ca\u5176\u8bed\u8a00\u7684\u8d85\u8d8a\u6027\u5b58\u5728\uff0c\u540c\u65f6\u53c8\u6210\u4e3a\u4ece\u5185\u90e8\u6270\u52a8\u548c\u98a0\u8986\u73b0\u5b9e\/\u8bed\u8a00\u7684\u5185\u5728\u6027\u5b58\u5728\u3002\u5b83\u5f00\u59cb\u4e0e\u591a\u79cd\u529b\u6bd4\u591a\u5426\u5b9a\u6027\u76f8\u8054\u7cfb\uff08\u5c0f\u5bf9\u8c61a (objet petit a)\u3001\u4eab\u4e50 (jouissance) \u548c\u6027\u5dee\u5f02\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e9b\u90fd\u5c06\u5728\u540e\u6587\u8ba8\u8bba\u2014\u2014\u89c12.3\u30012.4.2\u548c2.4.3\u8282\uff09\uff0c\u5e76\u4e0e\u8bed\u8a00\u6027\u7684\uff08\u89c1\u4e0a\u65872.1.2\u8282\uff09\u548c\u975e\u8bed\u8a00\u6027\u7684\u7269\u8d28\u65e0\u610f\u4e49\u6027\u3001\u5076\u7136\u7684\u521b\u4f24\u6027\u4e8b\u4ef6\u3001\u96be\u4ee5\u627f\u53d7\u7684\u8eab\u4f53\u5f3a\u5ea6\u3001\u7126\u8651\u4ee5\u53ca\u6b7b\u4ea1\u53d1\u751f\u5173\u8054\u3002<\/p>\n

  \u5173\u4e8e\u4f5c\u4e3a\u7cbe\u795e\u5206\u6790\u4e3b\u8981\u5173\u6ce8\u70b9\u7684\u65e0\u610f\u8bc6\uff0c\u540e\u671f\u62c9\u5eb7\u5c06\u4ed6\u65e9\u671f\u5bf9\u793e\u4f1a\u8bed\u8a00\u5b66\u5f62\u6784\u7684\u5f3a\u8c03\uff08\u5982"\u65e0\u610f\u8bc6\u662f\u5982\u8bed\u8a00\u822c\u7ed3\u6784\u5316\u7684"\uff09\u4e0e\u540e\u6765\u5bf9\u8fd9\u4e9b\u5f62\u6784\u5185\u90e8\u4f46\u53c8\u65e0\u6cd5\u8fd8\u539f\u4e3a\u8fd9\u4e9b\u5f62\u6784\u7684\u529b\u91cf\u548c\u56e0\u7d20\u7684\u5f3a\u8c03\u7ed3\u5408\u8d77\u6765\u30021950\u5e74\u4ee3\u4e4b\u540e\uff0c\u5b9e\u5728\u754c (Real) \u7ef4\u5ea6\u88ab\u52a0\u5165\u5230\u65e0\u610f\u8bc6\u4e2d\uff0c\u4f7f\u5f97\u65e0\u610f\u8bc6\u7684\u8c61\u5f81\u754c (Symbolic) \u7ef4\u5ea6\u5f00\u59cb\u56f4\u7ed5\u7740\u65e0\u6cd5\u8c61\u5f81\u5316\u7684\u9ed1\u6d1e\u8fd0\u8f6c\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e9b\u9ed1\u6d1e\u65e0\u6cd5\u901a\u8fc7\u65e0\u610f\u8bc6\u8bed\u8a00\u6027\u9762\u5411\u4e2d\u7c7b\u4f3c\u80fd\u6307\u7684\u89c2\u5ff5\u8868\u8c61\uff08\u5f17\u6d1b\u4f0a\u5fb7\u7684\u8868\u8c61 [Vorstellungen]\uff09\u6765\u518d\u73b0\u3002\u7136\u800c\uff0c\u5b9e\u5728\u754c\u5728\u62c9\u5eb7\u6559\u5b66\u4e2d\u7684\u5730\u4f4d\u4e0a\u5347\u5e76\u4e0d\u610f\u5473\u7740\u4ed6\u8f6c\u5411\u67d0\u79cd\u795e\u79d8\u4e3b\u4e49\u6216\u5426\u5b9a\u795e\u5b66\u7684\u5206\u6790\u590d\u73b0\u3002\u76f8\u53cd\uff0c\u5bf9\u62c9\u5eb7\u800c\u8a00\uff0c\u7406\u8bba\u548c\u4e34\u5e8a\u5206\u6790\u90fd\u5141\u8bb8\u4ee5\u6982\u5ff5\u7684\u7cbe\u786e\u6027\u6765\u63cf\u7ed8\u548c\u8ffd\u8e2a\u5b9e\u5728\u754c\uff0c\u5373\u4fbf\u8fd9\u53ea\u662f\u4e00\u79cd\u786e\u5b9a\u60f3\u8c61\u754c (Imaginary)\u3001\u8c61\u5f81\u754c (Symbolic) \u53ca\u5176\u91cd\u53e0\u4e4b\u786e\u5207\u754c\u9650\u7684\u7ec3\u4e60\u3002<\/p>\n

2.2 The Mirror Stage, the Ego, and the Subject<\/h3>\n

  \u955c\u50cf\u9636\u6bb5 (mirror stage) \u7406\u8bba\u6216\u8bb8\u662f\u62c9\u5eb7\u6700\u8457\u540d\u7684\u7406\u8bba\u8d21\u732e\uff08\u751a\u81f3\u53ef\u80fd\u6bd4\u90a3\u4e2a\u5e7f\u4e3a\u4eba\u77e5\u7684"\u65e0\u610f\u8bc6\u5982\u8bed\u8a00\u822c\u7ed3\u6784\u5316"\u7684\u8bba\u9898\u66f4\u52a0\u51fa\u540d\uff09\u3002\u8fd9\u4e00\u57281930\u5e74\u4ee3\u521d\u6b65\u53d1\u5c55\u7684\u7406\u8bba\u5305\u542b\u4e86\u8bb8\u591a\u76f8\u4e92\u5173\u8054\u7684\u8981\u7d20\u3002\u62c9\u5eb7\u63d0\u51fa\u8fd9\u4e00\u9636\u6bb5\u7684\u53d9\u8ff0\uff0c\u7279\u522b\u662f\u4e3a\u4e86\u89e3\u91ca\u5f17\u6d1b\u4f0a\u5fb7\u5fc3\u7406\u88c5\u7f6e\u4e2d\u81ea\u6211 (ego) [\u5fb7\u8bed\uff1aIch\uff0c\u6cd5\u8bed\uff1amoi] \u7684\u8d77\u6e90\u548c\u529f\u80fd\u3002\u5728\u62c9\u5eb7\u770b\u6765\uff0c\u955c\u50cf\u9636\u6bb5\u7684\u4e00\u4e2a\u5173\u952e\u7684\u7cbe\u795e\u5206\u6790\u548c\u54f2\u5b66\u63a8\u8bba\u662f\uff1a\u81ea\u6211\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u5ba2\u4f53\u800c\u975e\u4e3b\u4f53\u3002\u6362\u53e5\u8bdd\u8bf4\uff0c\u5c3d\u7ba1\u610f\u8bc6\u611f\u89c9\u4f3c\u4e4e\u76f8\u53cd\uff0c\u4f46\u81ea\u6211\u5e76\u975e\u662f\u81ea\u4e3b\u80fd\u52a8\u6027\u7684\u573a\u6240\uff0c\u4e5f\u4e0d\u662f\u51b3\u5b9a\u81ea\u8eab\u547d\u8fd0\u7684\u81ea\u7531\u3001\u771f\u5b9e\u7684"\u6211"\u6240\u5728\u4e4b\u5904\u3002\u8fd9\u79cd\u5c06\u81ea\u6211\u89c6\u4e3a\u5ba2\u4f53\u7684\u63cf\u7ed8\uff0c\u662f\u62c9\u5eb7\u7ec8\u5176\u4e00\u751f\u5bf9\u82f1\u7f8e\u81ea\u6211\u5fc3\u7406\u5b66 (ego psychology) \u8fdb\u884c\u6279\u5224\u6027\u8bba\u8fa9\u7684\u6838\u5fc3\uff0c\u56e0\u4e3a\u81ea\u6211\u5fc3\u7406\u5b66\u5bb6\u8bd5\u56fe\u901a\u8fc7\u8bc9\u8bf8\u8fd9\u4e9b\u5fc3\u7406\u88c5\u7f6e\u6240\u8c13\u7684\u81ea\u4e3b\u548c"\u65e0\u51b2\u7a81"\u7684\u65b9\u9762\u6765\u589e\u5f3a\u75c5\u4eba\u7684\u81ea\u6211\u3002\u4e0e\u6b64\u76f8\u53cd\uff0c\u62c9\u5eb7\u8ba4\u4e3a\u81ea\u6211\u5728\u5176\u6700\u6838\u5fc3\u5904\u5c31\u662f\u5f7b\u5e95\u59a5\u534f\u7684\u3001\u672c\u8d28\u4e0a\u795e\u7ecf\u75c7\u7684\uff0c\u662f\u5bf9\u65e0\u610f\u8bc6\u7684\u6784\u9020\u6027\u65e0\u77e5\u7684\u6fc0\u60c5\u9632\u5fa1\u3002<\/p>\n

  \u8ba9\u6211\u4eec\u5728\u8fd9\u4e2a\u66f4\u4e3a\u4e00\u822c\u7684\u540e\u8bbe\u5fc3\u7406\u5b66\u5c42\u9762\u518d\u591a\u505c\u7559\u4e00\u4f1a\u3002\u62c9\u5eb7\u6700\u7ec8\u90e8\u5206\u5730\u57fa\u4e8e\u955c\u50cf\u9636\u6bb5\uff0c\u5efa\u7acb\u8d77\u4e86\u81ea\u6211 (ego) [\u6cd5\u8bed\uff1amoi] \u4e0e\u4e3b\u4f53 (subject) [\u6cd5\u8bed\uff1asujet\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e2a\u8bcd\u8d1f\u8f7d\u7740\u54f2\u5b66\u5305\u88b1\u2014\u2014\u62c9\u5eb7\u6709\u610f\u8bc6\u5730\u5c06\u8fd9\u4e2a\u8bcd\u53ca\u5176\u54f2\u5b66\u8bcd\u6c47\u52a0\u5165\u5230\u5206\u6790\u8bdd\u8bed\u4e2d\uff0c\u5c3d\u7ba1\u5f17\u6d1b\u4f0a\u5fb7\u5e76\u672a\u8c08\u8bba"\u4e3b\u4f53"\u4e14\u5bf9\u54f2\u5b66\u6301\u8c28\u614e\u6001\u5ea6] \u4e4b\u95f4\u7684\u533a\u5206\u3002\u5c3d\u7ba1\u8868\u8c61\u6709\u6240\u4e0d\u540c\uff0c\u4f46\u5f52\u6839\u7ed3\u5e95\uff0c\u81ea\u6211\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u60f0\u6027\u7684\u3001\u56fa\u5b9a\u7684\u5ba2\u4f53\u5316\u5750\u6807\u675f\uff0c\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u88ab\u529b\u6bd4\u591a\u6295\u6ce8\u7684\u3001\u7269\u5316\u7684\u5b9e\u4f53\u3002\u4e0e\u81ea\u6211\u53ca\u5176\u6240\u652f\u6491\u7684\u865a\u5e7b\u7684\u865a\u6784\u81ea\u8eab\u611f\u76f8\u6bd4\uff0c\u62c9\u5eb7\u4e3b\u4e49 (Lacanianism) \u7684\u7cbe\u795e\u5206\u6790\u4e3b\u4f53\u662f\u4e00\u79cd\u65e0\u610f\u8bc6\u7684\u52a8\u6001\u5426\u5b9a\u6027\uff0c\u5b83\u6297\u62d2\u88ab\u81ea\u6211\u5c42\u9762\u7684\u8ba4\u540c\u5efa\u6784\u6240\u6355\u83b7\u548c\u9650\u5236\u3002\u62c9\u5eb7\u5f0f\u7684\u65e0\u610f\u8bc6\u8868\u8ff0\u4e3b\u4f53 (enunciating subject) \u901a\u8fc7\u81ea\u6211\u6765\u8bf4\u8bdd\uff0c\u540c\u65f6\u5374\u59cb\u7ec8\u4e0e\u81ea\u6211\u4fdd\u6301\u7740\u4e0d\u53ef\u8fd8\u539f\u7684\u533a\u522b\u3002<\/p>\n

  \u56de\u5230\u5bf9\u955c\u50cf\u9636\u6bb5 (mirror stage) \u672c\u8eab\u7684\u66f4\u4e25\u683c\u5173\u6ce8\uff0c\u62c9\u5eb7\u4f9d\u636e19\u4e16\u7eaa\u672b\u81f320\u4e16\u7eaa\u521d\u7684\u7ecf\u9a8c\u6570\u636e\uff0c\u63d0\u51fa6\u523018\u4e2a\u6708\u5927\u7684\u5e7c\u513f\u5f88\u5feb\u5c31\u83b7\u5f97\u4e86\u5728\u53cd\u5c04\u9762\u4e0a\u8bc6\u522b\u81ea\u5df1\u56fe\u50cf\u7684\u80fd\u529b\u3002\u5728\u8fd9\u4e2a\u65f6\u671f\uff0c\u5a74\u513f\u7f3a\u4e4f\u5e74\u957f\u4eba\u7c7b\u6240\u5177\u6709\u7684\u5927\u591a\u6570\u8eab\u4f53\u548c\u5fc3\u667a\u80fd\u529b\u3002\u5728\u62c9\u5eb7\u4e4b\u524d\uff0c\u5f17\u6d1b\u4f0a\u5fb7\u5df2\u7ecf\u5f3a\u8c03\u4e86\u751f\u7269\u5b66\u51b3\u5b9a\u7684\u65e9\u719f\u65e0\u52a9 (prematurational helplessness) [\u5fb7\u8bed\uff1aHilflosigkeit] \u5982\u4f55\u81ea\u7136\u800c\u7136\u5730\u4f7f\u4eba\u7c7b\u503e\u5411\u4e8e\u793e\u4f1a\u517b\u80b2\u800c\u975e\u7269\u8d28\u81ea\u7136\uff0c\u8fd9\u662f\u56e0\u4e3a\u5728\u751f\u6b7b\u6538\u5173\u7684\u57fa\u672c\u9700\u6c42\u4e0a\uff0c\u4eba\u7c7b\u9700\u8981\u957f\u671f\u5b8c\u5168\u4f9d\u8d56\u4ed6\u4eba\u3002\u9075\u5faa\u5f17\u6d1b\u4f0a\u5fb7\u7684\u8fd9\u4e00\u601d\u8def\uff0c\u62c9\u5eb7\u8be6\u7ec6\u9610\u8ff0\u4e86\u65b0\u751f\u513f\u88ab\u629b\u5165\u7684\u8fd9\u79cd\u65e0\u52a9\u72b6\u6001\uff0c\u5177\u4f53\u63cf\u8ff0\u4e86\u8fd9\u79cd\u51fa\u751f\u540e\u65e9\u719f\u7684\u81ea\u7136\u72b6\u6001\u5728\u89e3\u5256\u5b66\u3001\u751f\u7406\u5b66\u3001\u8ba4\u77e5\u3001\u60c5\u611f\u548c\u52a8\u673a\u7b49\u65b9\u9762\u7684\u7279\u5f81\u3002<\/p>\n

  \u8fd9\u79cd\u521d\u59cb\u7684"\u8fd0\u52a8\u65e0\u80fd\u548c\u54fa\u4e73\u4f9d\u8d56"\u72b6\u6001\u5bfc\u81f4\u5a74\u513f\u4f53\u9a8c\u5230\u4e00\u7cfb\u5217\u8d1f\u9762\u60c5\u611f\u7684\u6f29\u6da1\uff1a\u7126\u8651\u3001\u75db\u82e6\u3001\u632b\u6298\u7b49\u3002\u5bf9\u4e8e\u88ab\u8fd9\u4e9b\u8d1f\u9762\u60c5\u611f\u6240\u9a71\u52a8\u7684\u5e7c\u513f\u6765\u8bf4\uff0c\u5176\u8ff7\u4eba\u7684\u8eab\u4f53\u56fe\u50cf\u6240\u65bd\u52a0\u7684\u8bf1\u60d1\u529b\u4e2d\u7684\u4e00\u4e2a\u5173\u952e\u7ec4\u6210\u90e8\u5206\u662f\uff1a\u8fd9\u4e2a\u56fe\u50cf\u627f\u8bfa\u4ed6\/\u5979\u80fd\u591f\u514b\u670d\u81ea\u8eab\u7684\u65e0\u52a9 (Hilflosigkeit)\uff0c\u6210\u4e3a\u4e00\u4e2a\u7edf\u4e00\u7684\u3001\u5b8c\u6574\u7684\u6574\u4f53\uff0c\u5c31\u50cf\u4ed6\/\u5979\u5468\u56f4\u6240\u770b\u5230\u7684\u90a3\u4e9b\u66f4\u5927\u3001\u66f4\u6210\u719f\u7684\u4ed6\u4eba\u4e00\u6837\u6210\u4e3a\u4e00\u4e2a\u6574\u5408\u7684\u3001\u534f\u8c03\u7684\u603b\u4f53\uff08\u7136\u800c\uff0c\u6839\u636e\u62c9\u5eb7\u7684\u89c2\u70b9\uff0c\u4e2a\u4f53\u4ece\u6b64\u5f00\u59cb\u7ec8\u5176\u4e00\u751f\u90fd\u5728\u5f92\u52b3\u5730\u8ffd\u9010\u7740\u955c\u50cf\u6700\u521d\u865a\u5047\u627f\u8bfa\u7684\u90a3\u79cd\u65e0\u6cd5\u8fbe\u5230\u7684\u548c\u8c10\u4e0e\u638c\u63a7\u72b6\u6001\uff09\u3002\u8fd9\u4e2a\u865a\u62df\u5b8c\u6574\u6027\u7684\u610f\u8c61-\u683c\u5f0f\u5854 (imago-Gestalt)\uff0c\u5728\u5a74\u513f\u6b22\u6b23\u9f13\u821e\u7684"\u554a\u54c8\uff01"\u65f6\u523b\u88ab\u8ba4\u540c\uff0c\u5960\u5b9a\u4e86\u6b64\u540e\u672c\u4f53\u53d1\u751f\u79ef\u7d2f\u7684\u81ea\u6211 (ego) \u7684\u610f\u8c61\u6838\u5fc3\uff0c\u8868\u73b0\u4e3a\u4e00\u7cfb\u5217\u5728\u56fe\u50cf\u4e2d\u7684\u81ea\u6211\u5ba2\u4f53\u5316\uff0c\u800c\u5728\u968f\u540e\u83b7\u5f97\u8bed\u8a00\u80fd\u529b\u7684\u4e8b\u4ef6\u4e2d\uff0c\u4e5f\u5305\u62ec\u4e86\u8bcd\u8bed\u7684\u81ea\u6211\u5ba2\u4f53\u5316\u3002<\/p>\n

  \u5bf9\u62c9\u5eb7\u800c\u8a00\uff0c\u4e0e\u81ea\u6211 (moi) \u7684\u610f\u8c61-\u683c\u5f0f\u5854 (imago-Gestalt) \u7684\u8ba4\u540c\u5fc5\u7136\u5bfc\u81f4\u5f02\u5316\u2014\u2014\u8fd9\u9664\u4e86\u524d\u6587\u63d0\u5230\u7684\u539f\u56e0\u5916\u8fd8\u6709\u5176\u4ed6\u539f\u56e0\u3002\u65e9\u57281949\u5e74\u5173\u4e8e\u955c\u50cf\u9636\u6bb5\u7684\u6587\u96c6 (\u00e9crit) \u4e2d\uff0c\u5c31\u63d0\u5230\u4e86\u652f\u6491\u5a74\u513f\u6ce8\u89c6\u955c\u5b50\u548c\u89c2\u770b\u81ea\u5df1\u7684"\u67d0\u79cd\u652f\u6491\u7269\uff0c\u4eba\u6216\u4eba\u5de5\u7269"\u3002\u57281949\u5e74\uff0c\u62c9\u5eb7\u4f3c\u4e4e\u66f4\u591a\u5730\u5c06\u8fd9\u79cd\u652f\u6491\u7269\u89c6\u4e3a\u4eba\u5de5\u7269\u800c\u975e\u4eba\u7c7b\uff0c\u4ed6\u63d0\u5230\u4e86\u513f\u7ae5\u6240\u4f9d\u9760\u7684"\u5a74\u513f\u5b66\u6b65\u8f66"(trotte-b\u00e9b\u00e9)\u3002\u4f46\u57281960\u5e74\u4ee3\u91cd\u65b0\u5ba1\u89c6\u955c\u50cf\u9636\u6bb5\u65f6\uff0c\u62c9\u5eb7\u5219\u663e\u8457\u5f3a\u8c03\u4e86\u5176\u4ed6\u4eba\u7c7b\u7684\u652f\u6301\u4f5c\u7528\u3002\u5728\u8fd9\u6837\u505a\u65f6\uff0c\u4ed6\u8bba\u8bc1\u8bf4\uff0c\u5a74\u513f\u662f\u5728\u5c06\u5176\u62b1\u5230\u53cd\u5c04\u9762\u524d\u7684\u66f4\u5927\u7684\u4ed6\u8005\u53d1\u51fa\u7684\u8a00\u8bed\u548c\u59ff\u52bf\u63d0\u793a\u7684\u9f13\u52b1\u4e0b\uff08\u4f8b\u5982\uff0c\u4f34\u968f\u7740\u6307\u70b9\u548c\u5fae\u7b11\u7684"\u90a3\u5c31\u662f\u4f60\uff01"\u8fd9\u6837\u7684\u8bdd\u8bed\uff09\uff0c\u624d\u88ab\u5f15\u5bfc\u7740\u5c06\u955c\u50cf\u8ba4\u540c\u4e3a"\u6211"\u7684\u3002\u8fd9\u79cd\u540e\u671f\u7684\u5f3a\u8c03\u8f6c\u53d8\u5e26\u6765\u4e86\u4e24\u4e2a\u5173\u952e\u7ed3\u679c\u3002\u9996\u5148\uff0c\u955c\u50cf\u7684\u60f3\u8c61\u754c (Imaginary) \u5e76\u4e0d\u662f\u5728\u53d1\u5c55\u9636\u6bb5\u7684\u7ebf\u6027\u65f6\u95f4\u5e8f\u5217\u4e2d\u5148\u4e8e\u8bed\u8a00\u548c\u793e\u4f1a\u6027\u7684\u8c61\u5f81\u754c (Symbolic)\uff08\u6b63\u5982\u65e9\u671f\u7684\u300a\u955c\u50cf\u9636\u6bb5\u300b\u6587\u672c\u53ef\u80fd\u4f1a\u6709\u8fd9\u79cd\u6697\u793a\u7684\u98ce\u9669\uff09\uff1b\u5982\u679c\u8bf4\u6709\u4ec0\u4e48\u7684\u8bdd\uff0c\u90a3\u5c31\u662f\u793e\u4f1a\u8bed\u8a00\u53d8\u91cf\uff08\u4f8b\u5982\uff0c\u7236\u6bcd\u7684\u8a00\u8bed\u548c\u8eab\u4f53\u8bed\u8a00\uff09\u662f\u513f\u7ae5\u6295\u6ce8\u4e8e\u7279\u5b9a\u611f\u77e5-\u77e5\u89c9\u4f53\u9a8c\uff08\u5982\u955c\u4e2d\u7684\u8eab\u4f53\u56fe\u50cf\uff09\u7684\u56e0\u679c\u89e6\u53d1\u5668\u3002\u5176\u6b21\uff0c\u8fd9\u610f\u5473\u7740\u81ea\u6211\u7684\u610f\u8c61\u6838\u5fc3\u4ece\u4e00\u5f00\u59cb\u5c31\u5145\u6ee1\u4e86\u547d\u5b9a\u7684"\u5927\u4ed6\u8005\u7684\u8bdd\u8bed"(discourse of the Other)\u2014\u2014\u5728\u8fd9\u79cd\u60c5\u51b5\u4e0b\uff0c\u662f\u6765\u81ea\u7167\u62a4\u8005\u53d9\u4e8b\u7684\u5bbf\u547d\u6027\u610f\u6307\uff08\u7528\u62c9\u5eb7\u672f\u8bed\u6765\u8bf4\uff0c\u5373"\u4e00\u5143\u7279\u5f81"[unary traits]\uff09\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e9b\u53d9\u4e8b\u4e0e\u4ed6\u4eec\u9f13\u52b1\u5b69\u5b50\u5728\u955c\u4e2d\u8ba4\u51fa\u81ea\u5df1\u7684\u8bdd\u8bed\u540c\u65f6\u8868\u8fbe\uff08"\u591a\u4e48\u82f1\u4fca\u7684\u7537\u5b69\uff01"\u3001"\u591a\u4e48\u6f02\u4eae\u7684\u5973\u5b69\uff01"\u3001"\u4f60\u4f1a\u957f\u5927\u6210\u4e3a\u50cf\u7238\u7238\u4e00\u6837\u5f3a\u58ee\u7684\u4eba"\u7b49\uff09\u3002<\/p>\n

  \u57fa\u4e8e\u4ee5\u4e0a\u6240\u6709\u56e0\u7d20\uff0c\u62c9\u5eb7\u8ba4\u4e3a\u955c\u50cf\u9636\u6bb5\u4e2d\u53d1\u751f\u7684\u8ba4\u77e5\u5b9e\u9645\u4e0a\u662f\u4e00\u79cd"\u8bef\u8ba4"(m\u00e9connaissance)\u3002\u8fd9\u79cd\u60c5\u51b5\u5728\u6574\u4e2a\u751f\u547d\u8fc7\u7a0b\u4e2d\u90fd\u4f1a\u6301\u7eed\u5b58\u5728\uff0c\u4f53\u73b0\u5728\u6240\u6709\u540e\u7eed\u5c06\u81ea\u5df1"\u8ba4\u77e5"\u4e3a\u7279\u5b9a\u7c7b\u578b\u7684"\u6211"\u7684\u7ecf\u9a8c\u4e2d\uff0c\u4e5f\u5c31\u662f\u8bf4\uff0c\u628a\u81ea\u5df1\u60f3\u8c61\u4e3a\u67d0\u79cd\u81ea\u6211\u5c42\u9762\u7684\u81ea\u8eab\uff08\u5173\u4e8e\u5f17\u6d1b\u4f0a\u5fb7-\u62c9\u5eb7\u7cbe\u795e\u5206\u6790\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u603b\u8981\u8bb0\u4f4f\u5a01\u5ec9\u00b7\u534e\u5179\u534e\u65af\u7684\u90a3\u53e5\u8bdd\uff1a"\u513f\u7ae5\u662f\u6210\u4eba\u4e4b\u7236"\uff09\u3002\u81ea\u6211\u4e0d\u4ec5\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u51dd\u56fa\u7684\u3001\u4ed6\u5f8b\u7684\u5ba2\u4f53\u800c\u975e\u6d41\u52a8\u7684\u3001\u81ea\u4e3b\u7684\u4e3b\u4f53\uff0c\u800c\u4e14\u5728\u5176\u6700\u521d\u7684\u8d77\u6e90\u4e0a\uff0c\u5c31\u662f\u66f4\u5927\u4ed6\u8005\u6295\u5c04\u6b32\u671b\u548c\u5e7b\u60f3\u7684\u50a8\u5b58\u5e93\uff1b\u513f\u7ae5\u7684\u5f62\u8c61\u662f\u5176\u7236\u6bcd\u68a6\u60f3\u548c\u613f\u671b\u7684\u5bb9\u5668\uff0c\u5176\u8eab\u4f53\u5f62\u8c61\u603b\u662f\u5df2\u7ecf\u88ab\u6765\u81ea\u5176\u4ed6\u8a00\u8bf4\u5b58\u5728\u7684\u529b\u6bd4\u591a\u7ecf\u6d4e\u5b66\u7684\u80fd\u6307\u6240\u8986\u5199\u3002\u56e0\u6b64\uff0c\u5c06\u81ea\u6211\u8ba4\u77e5\u4e3a"\u6211"\uff0c\u5c06\u5176\u89c6\u4e3a\u4f53\u73b0\u548c\u4ee3\u8868\u7740\u6700\u771f\u5b9e\u5c5e\u4e8e\u6211\u81ea\u5df1\u7684\u771f\u5b9e\u7684\u3001\u79c1\u5bc6\u7684\u3001\u72ec\u7279\u7684\u81ea\u8eab\u6027\uff0c\u7b49\u540c\u4e8e\u8bef\u8ba4\u4e86\u8fd9\u6837\u4e00\u4e2a\u6839\u672c\u4e8b\u5b9e\uff1a\u81ea\u6211\u4ece\u6839\u672c\u4e0a\u8bf4\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u5f02\u5316\u7684\u5916\u6765\u5185\u6444\u7269\uff0c\u901a\u8fc7\u5b83\uff0c\u6211\u88ab\u4ed6\u8005\u7684\u610f\u8bc6\u548c\u65e0\u610f\u8bc6\u7684\u6b32\u671b\u4e0e\u56fe\u8c0b\u6240\u8bf1\u5bfc\u548c\u81e3\u670d\u3002\u501f\u7528\u62c9\u5eb7\u4f17\u591a\u65b0\u8bcd\u4e4b\u4e00\uff0c\u81ea\u6211\u6700\u7ec8\u662f\u67d0\u79cd"\u5916\u4eb2\u6027"(extimate)\uff08\u5373\u4eb2\u5bc6\u7684\u5916\u5728\u6027\uff0c\u4e00\u79cd\u5185\u5728\u7684\u5916\u90e8\u6027\uff09\u7684\u4e1c\u897f\uff0c\u56e0\u4e3a\u5b83\u7ed3\u6676\u4e86"\u5927\u4ed6\u8005\u7684\u6b32\u671b"(desire of the Other)\uff08\u4f5c\u4e3a\u4ed6\u8005\u7684\u610f\u8bc6\u548c\u65e0\u610f\u8bc6\u7684\u6b32\u671b\u4e0e\u56fe\u8c0b\uff09\u3002\u6216\u8005\uff0c\u7528\u7b2c11\u8bb2\u5ea7\u4e2d\u62c9\u5eb7\u7684\u8bdd\u6765\u8bf4\uff0c\u5728\u6211\u4e4b\u4e2d\u5b58\u5728\u7740\u67d0\u79cd\u6bd4\u6211\u672c\u8eab\u66f4\u751a\u4e8e\u6211\u7684\u4e1c\u897f\uff0c\u8fd9\u662f\u56e0\u4e3a\u8fd9\u4e2a\u81ea\u6211 (moi) \u672c\u8d28\u4e0a\u662f\u4e3b\u4f53\u95f4\u6027\u548c\u8de8\u4e3b\u4f53\u6027\u7684\u5f02\u5df1\u5f71\u54cd\u7684\u51dd\u7ed3\u3002<\/p>\n

  \u6700\u540e\uff0c\u62c9\u5eb7\u5bf9\u955c\u5b50 (mirror) \u8fd9\u4e00\u6982\u5ff5\u7684\u8fd0\u7528\u5e76\u975e\u4ec5\u9650\u4e8e\u5b57\u9762\u610f\u4e49\u3002\u867d\u7136\u4ed6\u7ecf\u5e38\u8c08\u8bba\u4f5c\u4e3a\u5149\u4eae\u53cd\u5c04\u8868\u9762\u7684\u955c\u5b50\uff0c\u4f46\u4ed6\u5e76\u4e0d\u5c06\u955c\u50cf (mirroring) \u4ec5\u4ec5\u5c40\u9650\u4e8e\u53ef\u89c1\u7684\u7269\u7406\u73b0\u8c61\u3002\u6700\u91cd\u8981\u7684\u662f\uff0c\u4ed6\u4eba\u7684\u8a00\u8bed\u3001\u59ff\u52bf\u3001\u59ff\u6001\u3001\u60c5\u7eea\u3001\u9762\u90e8\u8868\u60c5\u7b49\uff0c\u90fd\u7ecf\u5e38\u53ef\u4ee5\u88ab\u8bf4\u6210\u662f\u5411\u67d0\u4eba"\u6620\u5c04"\u56de\u5176\u81ea\u8eab\u7684\u4e00\u4e2a"\u5f62\u8c61"(image)\uff0c\u5373\u4ece\u5176\u4ed6\u89c6\u89d2\u4f20\u8fbe\u56de\u6765\u7684\u5173\u4e8e\u4e00\u4e2a\u4eba\u5982\u4f55"\u663e\u73b0"\u7684\u611f\u53d7\u3002<\/p>\n

2.3 Otherness, the Oedipus Complex, and Sexuation<\/h3>\n

  \u5728\u5176\u6574\u4e2a\u6559\u5b66\u8fc7\u7a0b\u4e2d\uff0c\u62c9\u5eb7\u7ecf\u5e38\u4f7f\u7528"\u4ed6\u8005"(other)\uff08\u5c0f\u5199\u5b57\u6bcdo\uff09\u548c"\u5927\u4ed6\u8005"(Other)\uff08\u5927\u5199\u5b57\u6bcdO\uff09\u8fd9\u4e24\u4e2a\u672f\u8bed\u3002\u57fa\u4e8e\u5bf9\u62c9\u5eb7\u7684\u754c\u57df\u7406\u8bba\u548c\u955c\u50cf\u9636\u6bb5\u7684\u7406\u89e3\uff08\u53c2\u89c1\u4e0a\u65872.1\u548c2.2\u8282\uff09\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e9b\u672f\u8bed\u53ef\u4ee5\u76f8\u5bf9\u5bb9\u6613\u548c\u7b80\u660e\u5730\u5f97\u5230\u6f84\u6e05\u3002\u5c0f\u5199\u5b57\u6bcdo\u7684\u4ed6\u8005\u6307\u4ee3\u60f3\u8c61\u754c (Imaginary) \u4e2d\u7684\u81ea\u6211 (ego) \u53ca\u5176\u76f8\u5e94\u7684\u4ed6\u6211 (alter-egos)\u3002\u901a\u8fc7\u5c06\u81ea\u6211\u672c\u8eab\u79f0\u4e3a\u4e00\u4e2a"\u4ed6\u8005"\uff0c\u62c9\u5eb7\u8fdb\u4e00\u6b65\u5f3a\u8c03\u4e86\u5176\u5f02\u5df1\u6027\u548c\u5f02\u5316\u7684\u5730\u4f4d\uff0c\u6b63\u5982\u5728\u7d27\u63a5\u7740\u7684\u4e0a\u4e00\u5c0f\u8282\u4e2d\u6240\u9610\u8ff0\u7684\uff08\u53c2\u89c1\u4e0a\u65872.2\u8282\uff09\u3002\u6b64\u5916\uff0c\u5f53\u57fa\u4e8e\u4ed6\u6211\u5173\u7cfb\u4e0e\u4ed6\u4eba\u53d1\u751f\u5173\u8054\u65f6\uff0c\u4eba\u4eec\u662f\u57fa\u4e8e\u5bf9\u4ed6\u4eba\u7684"\u60f3\u8c61"\u6765\u8fdb\u884c\u7684\uff08\u901a\u5e38\u662f\u60f3\u8c61\u4ed6\u4eec"\u50cf\u6211\u4e00\u6837"\uff0c\u8ba4\u4e3a\u4ed6\u4eec\u5171\u4eab\u4e00\u5957\u6700\u4f4e\u5171\u540c\u6807\u51c6\u7684\u601d\u60f3\u3001\u611f\u53d7\u548c\u503e\u5411\uff0c\u4ece\u800c\u4f7f\u4ed6\u4eec\u5bf9\u6211\u6765\u8bf4\u662f\u53ef\u7406\u89e3\u7684\uff09\u3002\u8fd9\u4e9b\u79fb\u60c5\u5f0f (transference-style) \u7684\u60f3\u8c61\u662f\u4e00\u79cd\u865a\u6784\uff0c\u5b83\u9a6f\u670d\u548c\u9a7e\u9a6d\u4e86\u540c\u7c7b\u4e4b\u4eba\u90a3\u795e\u79d8\u7684\u3001\u4ee4\u4eba\u4e0d\u5b89\u7684\u964c\u751f\u6027\uff0c\u4ece\u800c\u4f7f\u793e\u4f1a\u751f\u6d3b\u53d8\u5f97\u53ef\u4ee5\u5fcd\u53d7\u548c\u53ef\u4ee5\u9a7e\u9a6d\u3002<\/p>\n

  \u5927\u5199\u5b57\u6bcdO\u7684\u5927\u4ed6\u8005 (Other) \u6307\u7684\u662f\u4e0e\u8c61\u5f81\u754c (Symbolic) \u548c\u5b9e\u5728\u754c (Real) \u8fd9\u4e24\u4e2a\u7ef4\u5ea6\u76f8\u5bf9\u5e94\u7684\u53e6\u5916\u4e24\u79cd\u4ed6\u8005\u6027\u3002\u7b2c\u4e00\u79cd\u5927\u4ed6\u8005\u662f\u62c9\u5eb7\u6240\u8bf4\u7684\u4f5c\u4e3a\u8c61\u5f81\u79e9\u5e8f\u7684"\u5927\u4ed6\u8005"(big Other)\uff0c\u5373\u914d\u7f6e\u4e3b\u4f53\u95f4\u4e92\u52a8\u573a\u57df\u7684\u8d85\u4e2a\u4eba\u793e\u4f1a\u8bed\u8a00\u7ed3\u6784\u7684\u603b\u4f53"\u5ba2\u89c2\u7cbe\u795e"\u3002\u4e0e\u6b64\u76f8\u5173\uff0c\u8c61\u5f81\u754c\u7684\u5927\u4ed6\u8005\u4e5f\u53ef\u4ee5\u6307\u4ee3\uff08\u901a\u5e38\u662f\u5e7b\u60f3\u7684\/\u865a\u6784\u7684\uff09\u533f\u540d\u6743\u5a01\u529b\u91cf\u548c\/\u6216\u77e5\u8bc6\u7684\u89c2\u5ff5\uff08\u65e0\u8bba\u662f\u4e0a\u5e1d\u3001\u81ea\u7136\u3001\u5386\u53f2\u3001\u793e\u4f1a\u3001\u56fd\u5bb6\u3001\u653f\u515a\u3001\u79d1\u5b66\uff0c\u8fd8\u662f\u4f5c\u4e3a"\u88ab\u5047\u5b9a\u77e5\u9053\u7684\u4e3b\u4f53"[sujet suppos\u00e9 savoir]\u7684\u5206\u6790\u5e08\uff0c\u6b63\u5982\u62c9\u5eb7\u5bf9\u5206\u6790\u6027\u79fb\u60c5\u7684\u72ec\u7279\u89e3\u91ca\u6240\u8a00\uff09\u3002\u4f46\u662f\uff0c\u6b63\u5982\u57281950\u5e74\u4ee3\u65e9\u671f\u62c9\u5eb7\u6700\u521d\u51e0\u5e74\u7684\u5e74\u5ea6\u7814\u8ba8\u4f1a\u4e2d\u5df2\u7ecf\u660e\u663e\u8868\u73b0\u7684\u90a3\u6837\uff0c\u4ed6\u8005\u6027\u8fd8\u5177\u6709\u4e00\u4e2a\u5b9e\u5728\u754c\u7684\u7ef4\u5ea6\u3002\u8fd9\u79cd\u5b9e\u5728\u754c\u7684\u7279\u6b8a\u5316\u8eab\uff0c\u5728\u62c9\u5eb7\u8bba\u8ff0\u7231\u4e0e\u7cbe\u795e\u75c5\u65f6\u6709\u6700\u8be6\u5c3d\u7684\u63a2\u8ba8\uff0c\u662f\u4f5c\u4e3a\u4e00\u4e2a\u4e0d\u53ef\u77e5\u7684"x"\u7684\u5927\u4ed6\u8005\u7684\u6311\u8845\u6027\u3001\u6270\u52a8\u6027\u7684\u8c1c\u56e2\uff0c\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u65e2\u9000\u5374\u53c8\u4e34\u8fd1\u7684\u4ed6\u5f02\u6027\u7684\u4e0d\u53ef\u6d4b\u6df1\u6e0a\uff08\u57281895\u5e74\u7684\u300a\u79d1\u5b66\u5fc3\u7406\u5b66\u8ba1\u5212\u300b\u4e2d\uff0c\u62c9\u5eb7\u53cd\u590d\u63d0\u5230\u7684\u5f17\u6d1b\u4f0a\u5fb7\u5c06\u8fd9\u79cd\u4ed6\u5f02\u6027\u63cf\u7ed8\u4e3a"\u4f5c\u4e3a\u7269\u7684\u90bb\u4eba"[Nebenmensch als Ding]\u7684\u5f62\u5f0f\uff09\u3002<\/p>\n

  \u5bf9\u62c9\u5eb7\u800c\u8a00\uff0c\u5f17\u6d1b\u4f0a\u5fb7\u7684\u4fc4\u72c4\u6d66\u65af\u60c5\u7ed3 (Oedipus complex) \u4e0a\u6f14\u4e86\u513f\u7ae5\u5728\u52aa\u529b\u786e\u7acb\u81ea\u8eab\u4e0e\u4ed6\u8005\u6027\u7684\u6240\u6709\u4e09\u4e2a\u754c\u57df\u7406\u8bba (register-theoretic) \u7ef4\u5ea6\u4e4b\u95f4\u5173\u7cfb\u65f6\u7684\u620f\u5267\u6027\u6323\u624e\u3002\u7279\u522b\u662f\u5f97\u76ca\u4e8e\u4ed6\u4ece\u7ed3\u6784\u4e3b\u4e49\u7684\u63a2\u7d22\u4e2d\u6240\u83b7\uff0c\u62c9\u5eb7\u5728\u5176\u6574\u4e2a\u751f\u6daf\u4e2d\u90fd\u8c28\u614e\u5730\u907f\u514d\u5c06\u8d44\u4ea7\u9636\u7ea7\u6838\u5fc3\u5bb6\u5ead (bourgeois nuclear family) \u8fdb\u884c\u4f2a\u5f17\u6d1b\u4f0a\u5fb7\u5f0f\u7684\u5b9e\u4f53\u5316\uff0c\u5373\u907f\u514d\u5c06\u5176\u7b80\u5355\u5730\u89c6\u4e3a\u7531\u751f\u7406\u6027\u522b\u5206\u522b\u4e3a\u5973\u6027\u548c\u7537\u6027\u7684\u6bcd\u4eb2\u548c\u7236\u4eb2\u6240\u6784\u6210\u7684\u5b9e\u4f53\u3002\u4fc4\u72c4\u6d66\u65af\u5f0f\u7684\u6bcd\u6027\u548c\u7236\u6027\u89d2\u8272\u662f\u5fc3\u7406-\u4e3b\u4f53\u6027\u7684\u4f4d\u7f6e\uff0c\u5373\u793e\u4f1a\u6587\u5316\u7684\uff08\u4e5f\u5c31\u662f\u8bf4\uff0c\u975e\u81ea\u7136\u7684\u3001\u975e\u751f\u7269\u5b66\u7684\uff09\u89d2\u8272\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e9b\u89d2\u8272\u6f5c\u5728\u5730\u53ef\u4ee5\u7531\u4efb\u4f55\u6570\u91cf\u7684\u3001\u4e0d\u540c\u6027\u522b\u7684\u4eba\u6765\u626e\u6f14\u3002<\/p>\n

  \u503c\u5f97\u6ce8\u610f\u7684\u662f\uff0c\u5728\u62c9\u5eb7\u7248\u672c\u7684\u4fc4\u72c4\u6d66\u65af\u60c5\u7ed3 (Oedipus complex) \u4e2d\uff0c\u6bcd\u4eb2\u5f62\u8c61\u6700\u521d\u4f5c\u4e3a\u5b9e\u5728\u754c\u5927\u4ed6\u8005 (Real Other)\uff08\u5373\u4f5c\u4e3a\u7269\u7684\u90bb\u4eba [Nebenmensch als Ding]\uff09\u5448\u73b0\u5728\u5a74\u513f\u9762\u524d\u2014\u2014\u66f4\u5177\u4f53\u5730\u8bf4\uff0c\u662f\u4f5c\u4e3a\u4e00\u4e2a\u6a21\u7cca\u7684\u5168\u80fd\u5728\u573a\u8005\uff0c\u5979\u662f\u81f3\u5173\u91cd\u8981\u7684\u7231\u7684\u6e90\u6cc9\uff08\u5173\u4e8e\u62c9\u5eb7\u7684\u7231\u7684\u6982\u5ff5\uff0c\u5c06\u5728\u4e0b\u65872.4.1\u8282\u4e2d\u8fdb\u4e00\u6b65\u8bba\u8ff0\uff09\u3002\u4f46\u662f\uff0c\u6b63\u662f\u7531\u4e8e\u5979\u7684\u6a21\u7cca\u6027\u548c\u91cd\u8981\u6027\u7684\u7ed3\u5408\uff0c\u4f5c\u4e3a\u5b9e\u5728\u754c\u5927\u4ed6\u8005\u7684\u6bcd\u4eb2\u4e5f\u6210\u4e3a\u4e86\u5e7c\u513f\u6df1\u6df1\u4e0d\u5b89\u7126\u8651\u7684\u6765\u6e90\u3002\u5979\u4f3c\u4e4e\u603b\u662f\u5728\u8fc7\u5ea6\u7a92\u606f\u548c\u8fc7\u5206\u758f\u79bb\u4e4b\u95f4\u6447\u6446\uff0c\u5728\u592a\u591a\u548c\u592a\u5c11\u4e4b\u95f4\u53d8\u5316\u3002\u5728\u5b69\u5b50\u5bf9\u8fd9\u4e2a\u795e\u79d8\u800c\u4e0d\u53ef\u6216\u7f3a\u7684\u6bcd\u6027\u5927\u4ed6\u8005\u7684\u6700\u7ec8\u65e0\u6cd5\u63a7\u5236\u7684\u5728\u573a\uff08\u548c\u7f3a\u573a\uff09\u7684\u7126\u8651\u4e2d\uff0c\u5b69\u5b50\u9762\u4e34\u7740\u8fd9\u6837\u4e00\u4e2a\u95ee\u9898\uff1a"\u6bcd\u4eb2\/\u5927\u4ed6\u8005[(m)Other]\u60f3\u8981\u4ec0\u4e48\uff1f"\u6839\u636e\u62c9\u5eb7\u5bf9\u955c\u50cf\u9636\u6bb5 (mirror stage) \u7684\u9610\u8ff0\uff08\u89c1\u4e0a\u65872.2\u8282\uff09\uff0c\u5a74\u513f\u5728\u65f6\u95f4\u5ef6\u5c55\u8fc7\u7a0b\u4e2d\u9010\u6e10\u5f62\u6210\u81ea\u6211\uff0c\u8fd9\u5728\u67d0\u79cd\u7a0b\u5ea6\u4e0a\u662f\u5bf9\u8fd9\u4e2a\u8c1c\u9898\u7684\u56de\u5e94\uff08\u5c3d\u7ba1\u4ece\u66f4\u5e7f\u6cdb\u7684\u610f\u4e49\u4e0a\u8bf4\uff0c\u513f\u7ae5\u6784\u5efa\u81ea\u6211\u5c42\u9762\u7684\u8eab\u4efd\u8ba4\u540c\u65f6\uff0c\u4e0d\u4ec5\u53d7\u5230\u6bcd\u4eb2\u7684\u611f\u77e5\u9700\u6c42\u7684\u5f71\u54cd\uff0c\u8fd8\u5305\u62ec\u7236\u4eb2\u7b49\u5176\u4ed6\u5927\u4ed6\u8005\u7684\u9700\u6c42\uff09\u3002<\/p>\n

  \u5173\u8054\u5230\u4e0a\u8ff0\u5185\u5bb9\uff0c\u62c9\u5eb7\u7684\u4fc4\u72c4\u6d66\u65af\u5f0f\u7236\u4eb2\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u540c\u65f6\u5177\u6709\u8c61\u5f81\u754c (Symbolic) \u548c\u5b9e\u5728\u754c (Real) \u9762\u5411\u7684\u5927\u4ed6\u8005\u3002\u5c31\u8c61\u5f81\u754c\u800c\u8a00\uff0c\u7236\u6027\u5f62\u8c61\u4ee3\u8868\u7740\u5bf9"\u6bcd\u6027\u5927\u4ed6\u8005\u60f3\u8981\u4ec0\u4e48\uff1f"\u8fd9\u4e00\u95ee\u9898\u7684\u7b54\u6848\u3002\u7528\u62c9\u5eb7\u7684\u672f\u8bed\u6765\u8bf4\uff0c\u5f53\u513f\u7ae5\u5728\u4fc4\u72c4\u6d66\u65af\u5f0f\u793e\u4f1a\u4e09\u89d2\u5173\u7cfb\u7684\u5bb6\u5ead\u7f57\u66fc\u53f2\u4e2d\uff0c\u5c06\u7236\u6027\u7b2c\u4e09\u65b9\u89c6\u4e3a\u89e3\u51b3\u6bcd\u6027\u5f62\u8c61\u4e4b\u8c1c\u4e00\u822c\u610f\u56fe\u7684\u7b54\u6848\u65f6\uff0c\u8fd9\u76f8\u5f53\u4e8e\u7528"\u7236\u6027\u9690\u55bb"(paternal metaphor) \u53d6\u4ee3\u4e86\u4f5c\u4e3a\u672a\u77e5\u7684"\u6bcd\u4eb2\u7684\u6b32\u671b"\u3002\u4e0e\u6b64\u76f4\u63a5\u76f8\u5173\u7684\u662f\uff0c\u62c9\u5eb7\u91cd\u65b0\u5b9a\u4e49\u4e86\u9633\u5177 (phallus)\uff08\u5b83\u4e0d\u662f\u751f\u7406\u610f\u4e49\u4e0a\u7684\u9634\u830e\uff09\uff0c\u5c06\u5176\u754c\u5b9a\u4e3a\u4e00\u79cd\u7ed3\u6784\u6027\u529f\u80fd\uff0c\u5373\u513f\u7ae5\u5047\u8bbe\u7236\u6027\u5f62\u8c61\u6240\u62e5\u6709\u7684\u67d0\u79cd"x"\uff0c\u6b63\u662f\u8fd9\u4e2a"x"\u4f7f\u7236\u4eb2\u6210\u4e3a\u6bcd\u6027\u5f62\u8c61\u6b32\u671b\u7684\u7126\u70b9\uff0c\u4e5f\u5c31\u662f\u8bf4\uff0c\u8fd9\u79cd\u5360\u6709\u4f7f\u7236\u4eb2\u80fd\u591f\u9a6f\u670d\u548c\u63a7\u5236\u6bcd\u4eb2\u539f\u672c\u4e0d\u53ef\u9884\u6d4b\u7684\u6b32\u671b\u3002\u540c\u6837\u5728\u8c61\u5f81\u754c\u5c42\u9762\uff0c\u7236\u6027\u529f\u80fd\u6d89\u53ca\u5c06\u5bb6\u5ead\u6240\u5904\u7684\u8c61\u5f81\u79e9\u5e8f\u4f5c\u4e3a\u5176\u793e\u4f1a\u8bed\u8a00\u73af\u5883\u7684\u89c4\u8bad\u6027\u548c\u7981\u6b62\u6027\u7279\u5f81\u5e26\u5165\u513f\u7ae5\u7684\u5bb6\u5ead\u9886\u57df\uff08\u8fd9\u5305\u62ec\u65ad\u5976\u3001\u5982\u5395\u8bad\u7ec3\u3001\u5916\u5a5a\u5236\u548c\u5f17\u6d1b\u4f0a\u5fb7-\u62c9\u5eb7\u610f\u4e49\u4e0a\u7684"\u53bb\u52bf"\u7b49\u5f3a\u5236\u6027\u8981\u6c42\u2014\u2014\u89c1\u4e0b\u65872.4.1\u8282\uff09\u3002\u81f3\u4e8e\u8fd9\u91cc\u7684\u5b9e\u5728\u754c\u4ed6\u8005\u6027\uff0c\u5219\u662f\u5f17\u6d1b\u4f0a\u5fb7\u5728\u300a\u56fe\u817e\u4e0e\u7981\u5fcc\u300b(Totem and Taboo, 1913) \u4e2d\u795e\u8bdd\u5f0f\u63cf\u7ed8\u7684\u7236\u6027\u5f62\u8c61\u7248\u672c\uff0c\u5373\u91ce\u86ee\u5144\u5f1f\u90e8\u843d\u4e2d\u90a3\u4e2a\u4e13\u5236\u7684\u3001\u65e0restraints\u4eab\u4e50\u7684"\u539f\u521d\u7236\u4eb2"(Urvater)\uff0c\u4ed6\u662f\uff08\u8c61\u5f81\u6027\uff09\u53bb\u52bf\u666e\u904d\u6cd5\u5219\u7684\u4f8b\u5916\u3002\u8fd9\u4e2a\u5b9e\u5728\u754c\u7684\u539f\u521d\u7236\u4eb2 (Real Urvater) \u53ef\u4ee5\u8bf4\u662f\u4fc4\u72c4\u6d66\u65af\u60c5\u7ed3\u4e2d\u4ea7\u751f\u7684\u4e00\u4e2a\u5e7b\u60f3\u6784\u9020\uff0c\u5176\u4e2d\u513f\u7ae5\u60f3\u8c61\u5728\u7236\u6027\u6743\u5a01\u53ca\u5176\u89c4\u5219\u7684\u8c61\u5f81\u754c\u8868\u8c61\u80cc\u540e\uff0c\u5b58\u5728\u7740\u4e00\u4e2a\u6deb\u79fd\u7684\u3001\u9ed1\u6697\u7684\u3001\u5145\u6ee1\u6b22\u723d (jouissance) \u7684\u9634\u6697\u9762\u3002<\/p>\n

  \u513f\u7ae5\u5bf9\u6bcd\u6027\u548c\u7236\u6027\u5927\u4ed6\u8005\u7684\u8ba4\u540c\u5206\u5e03\u5728\u5b9e\u5728\u754c (Real) \u548c\u8c61\u5f81\u754c (Symbolic) \u7684\u7ef4\u5ea6\u4e2d\u3002\u7136\u800c\uff0c\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u5f62\u6210\u4e2d\u7684\u4e3b\u4f53\u4f1a\u4ee5\u4e0d\u540c\u65b9\u5f0f\u5206\u914d\u4ed6\u4eec\u7684\u8ba4\u540c\u3002\u5f17\u6d1b\u4f0a\u5fb7\u5728\u91cd\u65b0\u601d\u8003\u65e9\u671f\u5bf9\u4fc4\u72c4\u6d66\u65af\u60c5\u7ed3 (Oedipus complex) \u7684\u8be0\u91ca\u65f6\uff0c\u5f00\u59cb\u5f3a\u8c03\u7537\u5b69\u548c\u5973\u5b69\u7684\u4fc4\u72c4\u6d66\u65af\u52a8\u529b\u5b66\u4e4b\u95f4\u7684\u4e0d\u5bf9\u79f0\u6027\uff0c\u5426\u5b9a\u4e86\u5973\u5b69\u7ecf\u5386"\u5384\u52d2\u514b\u7279\u62c9\u60c5\u7ed3"(Electra complex) \u4f5c\u4e3a\u4fc4\u72c4\u6d66\u65af\u60c5\u7ed3\u5bf9\u79f0\u5bf9\u5e94\u7269\u7684\u89c2\u70b9\u3002\u7565\u8fc7\u8bb8\u591a\u7ec6\u8282\uff0c\u7b80\u800c\u8a00\u4e4b\uff0c\u540e\u671f\u7684\u62c9\u5eb7\u5728\u8ba8\u8bba\u6027\u522b\u5dee\u5f02\u65f6\uff0c\u4fdd\u7559\u4e86\u8fd9\u79cd\u5f17\u6d1b\u4f0a\u5fb7\u5f0f\u7684\u4e0d\u5bf9\u79f0\u6027\u5f3a\u8c03\u3002\u5728\u8fd9\u65b9\u9762\uff0c\u62c9\u5eb7\u5f15\u5165\u4e86\u6027\u5316 (sexuation) \u4f5c\u4e3a\u6027\u522b\u5dee\u5f02\u7684\u5b9e\u5728\u754c\u7684\u6982\u5ff5\uff0c\u5373\u4f5c\u4e3a\u8fd9\u79cd\u5dee\u5f02\u7684\u4e00\u4e2a\u4e0d\u53ef\u7a7f\u900f\u7684\u3001\u4e0d\u900f\u660e\u7684\u4e8b\u5b9e\u6027\uff0c\u5b83\u6301\u7eed\u4fc3\u53d1\u4f46\u53c8\u6c38\u8fdc\u62b5\u5236\u88ab\u5145\u5206\u8f6c\u8bd1\u4e3a\u60f3\u8c61\u754c (Imaginary) \u548c\u8c61\u5f81\u754c\u7684\u73b0\u5b9e\u672f\u8bed\u3002\u6027\u5316\u7684\u5b9e\u5728\u754c\u65e2\u4e0d\u662f\u751f\u7269\u5b66\u7ed9\u5b9a\u7684\u6027\u522b\uff0c\u4e5f\u4e0d\u662f\u793e\u4f1a\u5efa\u6784\u7684\u6027\u522b\uff0c\u5b83\u662f\u5bfc\u81f4\u6027\u5316\u4f4d\u7f6e\u4e4b\u95f4\u7f3a\u4e4f\u4e00\u79cd\u53ef\u5b8c\u5168\u518d\u73b0\u7684\u3001\u53ef\u7b26\u53f7\u5316\u7684\u81ea\u7136\u548c\/\u6216\u6587\u5316\u5173\u7cfb\u7684\u539f\u56e0\uff08\u6b63\u5982\u62c9\u5eb7\u6240\u8bf4\uff1a"\u4e0d\u5b58\u5728\u6027\u5173\u7cfb"[Il n'y a pas de rapport sexuel]\uff09\u3002\u9633\u6027\u548c\u9634\u6027\u7684\u7ed3\u6784-\u5fc3\u7406\u4f4d\u7f6e\u4f53\u73b0\u4e86\u672c\u8d28\u4e0a\u4e0d\u540c\u6b65\u4e14\u5185\u5728\u4e0d\u53ef\u901a\u7ea6\u7684\u4e3b\u4f53\u7acb\u573a\uff0c\u662f\u4e0d\u76f8\u5bb9\uff08\u4f46\u76f8\u4e92\u4f5c\u7528\uff09\u7684\u4e0d\u540c\u7c7b\u578b\u529b\u6bd4\u591a\u7ecf\u6d4e\u7684\u7ec4\u5408\u3002<\/p>\n

2.4 The Libidinal Economy<\/h3>\n

  \u5f17\u6d1b\u4f0a\u5fb7\u5173\u4e8e\u529b\u6bd4\u591a\u7ecf\u6d4e (libidinal economy) \u7684\u5143\u5fc3\u7406\u5b66 (metapsychology)\uff0c\u5373\u5173\u4e8e\u5fc3\u7406\u751f\u6d3b\u5e95\u5c42\u52a8\u673a\u673a\u5236\u7684\u7406\u8bba\uff0c\u662f\u5efa\u7acb\u5728\u4ed6\u7684\u9a71\u529b (drive) \u7406\u8bba\u57fa\u7840\u4e4b\u4e0a\u7684\uff08\u662f Trieb \u800c\u975e Instinkt\uff0c\u5c3d\u7ba1\u8bb8\u591a\u82f1\u8bed\u8bd1\u672c\u9519\u8bef\u5730\u5c06 Trieb \u8bd1\u4e3a"\u672c\u80fd"[instinct]\uff09\u3002\u62c9\u5eb7\u5bf9\u8fd9\u4e00\u5f17\u6d1b\u4f0a\u5fb7\u7406\u8bba\u6846\u67b6\u8fdb\u884c\u4e86\u9610\u53d1\u548c\u62d3\u5c55\u3002\u5728\u8fd9\u4e2a\u8fc7\u7a0b\u4e2d\uff0c\u4ed6\u91cd\u65b0\u8be0\u91ca\u4e86\u5f17\u6d1b\u4f0a\u5fb7\u7684\u4e00\u4e9b\u6982\u5ff5\uff0c\u5e76\u589e\u6dfb\u4e86\u81ea\u5df1\u7684\u4e00\u4e9b\u65b0\u6982\u5ff5\u3002<\/p>\n

2.4.1 Need-Demand-Desire and Castration<\/h4>\n

  \u9700\u8981 (need)\u3001\u8981\u6c42 (demand) \u548c\u6b32\u671b (desire) \u6784\u6210\u4e86\u62c9\u5eb7\u7406\u8bba\u4e2d\u7684\u4e00\u4e2a\u6982\u5ff5-\u672f\u8bed\u4e09\u5143\u7ec4\u3002\u9700\u8981\u662f\u4eba\u4f5c\u4e3a\u751f\u547d\u6709\u673a\u4f53\u7684\u5148\u5929\u751f\u7269\u5b66\u5fc5\u9700\u54c1\u3002\u4eba\u4ece\u4e00\u5f00\u59cb\u5c31\u80cc\u8d1f\u7740\u8fd9\u4e9b\u751f\u7406\u6027\u8981\u6c42\uff0c\u7136\u800c\uff0c\u6b63\u5982\u5f17\u6d1b\u4f0a\u5fb7\u6240\u8bf4\u7684\u65e0\u52a9\u72b6\u6001 (Hilflosigkeit) \u90a3\u6837\uff0c\u4eba\u5728\u5ef6\u7eed\u5230\u7ae5\u5e74\u540e\u671f\u7684\u6700\u521d\u9636\u6bb5\u91cc\uff0c\u65e0\u6cd5\u4f9d\u9760\u81ea\u8eab\u6765\u6ee1\u8db3\u8fd9\u4e9b\u8eab\u4f53\u7684\u9700\u6c42\uff08\u53c2\u89c1\u4e0a\u65872.2\u8282\uff09\u3002<\/p>\n

  \u65e9\u719f\u7684\u65e0\u52a9\u72b6\u6001\u4e0e\u4e0d\u53ef\u907f\u514d\u7684\u9700\u8981\u7684\u7ed3\u5408\u610f\u5473\u7740\uff0c\u5728\u8eab\u5fc3\u53d1\u5c55\u7684\u8fc7\u7a0b\u4e2d\uff0c\u5a74\u513f\u5fc5\u987b\u5b66\u4f1a\u5411\u66f4\u5927\u7684\u4ed6\u8005\u8868\u8fbe\u81ea\u5df1\u7684\u9700\u8981\u3002\u8fd9\u4e9b\u4ed6\u8005\uff08\u4f5c\u4e3a\u7b26\u5408\u62c9\u5eb7\u80fd\u6307\u7406\u8bba\u4e2d\u7684\u4e09\u7ef4\u5ea6\u5927\/\u5c0f\u4ed6\u8005[O\/others]\u2014\u2014\u89c1\u4e0a\u65872.3\u8282\uff09\u88ab\u89c6\u4e3a\u80fd\u591f\u534f\u52a9\u6ee1\u8db3\u548c\u5e73\u606f\u9700\u8981\u7684\u5bf9\u8c61\u3002\u5f53\u7136\uff0c\u5728\u83b7\u5f97\u8bed\u8a00\u80fd\u529b\u4e4b\u524d\uff0c\u5a74\u513f\u901a\u8fc7\u54ed\u6ce3\u3001\u5c16\u53eb\u3001\u624b\u52bf\u7b49\u65e9\u671f\u8868\u8fbe\u65b9\u5f0f\u6765\u63d0\u9192\u5468\u56f4\u7684\u6210\u5e74\u4eba\u6ce8\u610f\u4ed6\u4eec\u7684\u9700\u6c42\u3002\u5373\u4fbf\u5728\u8fd9\u4e2a\u65e9\u671f\u9636\u6bb5\uff0c\u5a74\u513f\u4e5f\u4e0d\u5f97\u4e0d\u4f9d\u8d56\u8fd9\u4e9b\u88ab\u53ec\u5524\u7684\u91cd\u8981\u4ed6\u8005\u6765\u89e3\u91ca\u4ed6\/\u5979\u7684\u54ed\u58f0\u3001\u5c16\u53eb\u548c\u624b\u52bf\u7684"\u542b\u4e49"\uff08"\u554a\uff0c\u4f60\u662f\u997f\u4e86"\uff0c"\u54e6\uff0c\u8fd9\u8bf4\u660e\u4f60\u7d2f\u4e86"\uff0c"\u770b\u6765\u662f\u8be5\u6362\u5c3f\u5e03\u4e86"\u7b49\uff09\u3002\u901a\u8fc7\u8fd9\u4e9b\u81ea\u53d1\u7684\u89e3\u91ca\uff0c\u4ed6\u8005\u4eec\uff08\u65e0\u8bba\u662f\u5426\u6709\u610f\u8bc6\uff09\u90fd\u5728\u4e0e\u524d\u8bed\u8a00\u671f\u7684\u513f\u7ae5\u4e00\u8d77\u53c2\u4e0e\u5851\u9020\u9700\u8981\u4e0e\u9700\u8981\u8868\u8fbe\u7684\u793e\u4f1a\u4e2d\u4ecb\u610f\u4e49\u4e4b\u95f4\u7684\u8054\u7cfb\u3002\u8fd9\u4e9b\u4ed6\u8005\u56e0\u6b64\u8d4b\u4e88\u4e86\u513f\u7ae5\u7684\u58f0\u97f3\u548c\u52a8\u4f5c\u4ee5"\u8981\u6c42"(demands) \u7684\u610f\u4e49\uff0c\u8fd9\u6784\u6210\u4e86\u4e00\u79cd\u8d85\u8d8a\u6ee1\u8db3\u57fa\u672c\u9700\u8981 (needs) \u672c\u8eab\u7684\u63f4\u52a9\u3002\u5f53\u7136\uff0c\u8fd9\u5e76\u4e0d\u662f\u8bf4\u5728\u5a74\u513f\u7684\u884c\u4e3a\u4e2d\u5b8c\u5168\u4e0d\u5b58\u5728\u9700\u8981\u4e0e\u5176\u524d\u8bed\u8a00\u8868\u8fbe\u4e4b\u95f4\u7684\u5929\u7136\u5173\u8054\u3002\u4f46\u53ef\u4ee5\u8bf4\uff0c\u5a74\u513f\u5e76\u4e0d\u4f1a\u7acb\u5373\u81ea\u52a8\u5730\u5bf9\u8fd9\u4e9b\u5173\u8054\u4ea7\u751f\u81ea\u6211\u610f\u8bc6\u8ba4\u77e5\uff0c\u7167\u6599\u8005\u7684\u56de\u5e94\u5728\u5e2e\u52a9\u513f\u7ae5\u660e\u786e\u8ba4\u8bc6\u9700\u8981-\u8868\u8fbe\u914d\u5bf9\u65b9\u9762\u8d77\u7740\u5173\u952e\u4f5c\u7528\u3002<\/p>\n

  \u968f\u7740\u5a74\u513f\u7ee7\u7eed\u6210\u719f\u5e76\u5f88\u5feb\u83b7\u5f97\u8bed\u8a00\u80fd\u529b\uff0c\u4ed6\u8005\u548c\u5927\u4ed6\u8005\u7684\u5f71\u54cd\uff08\u5c24\u5176\u662f\u4f5c\u4e3a\u5927\u4ed6\u8005[big Other]\u4e4b\u7b26\u53f7\u4e0e\u80fd\u6307\u7684\u4f20\u9012\u8005\u7684\u4e3b\u4f53\u95f4\u4ed6\u8005\uff0c\u8fd9\u91cc\u7684\u5927\u4ed6\u8005\u662f\u4f5c\u4e3a\u8de8\u4e3b\u4f53\u8c61\u5f81\u79e9\u5e8f\u800c\u8a00\u2014\u2014\u89c1\u4e0a\u65872.1.2\u548c2.3\u8282\uff09\u5728\u5f62\u6210\u9700\u8981\u4e0e\u8981\u6c42\u4e4b\u95f4\u7684\u5173\u8054\u6027\u8fde\u63a5\u65b9\u9762\u6108\u53d1\u663e\u8457\u3002\u4f8b\u5982\uff0c\u4f5c\u4e3a\u793e\u4f1a\u5316\u548c\u6559\u80b2\u7684\u4e00\u90e8\u5206\uff0c\u7236\u6bcd\u901a\u5e38\u5f00\u59cb\u5f15\u5165\u89c4\u8bad\uff0c\u575a\u6301\u8981\u6c42\u5b69\u5b50\u4ee5\u7279\u5b9a\u65b9\u5f0f\u8868\u8fbe\u4ed6\/\u5979\u7684\u9700\u6c42\u548c\u51b2\u52a8\uff08"\u8bf4'\u8bf7'\u548c'\u8c22\u8c22'"\uff0c"\u597d\u597d\u5730\u8bf7\u6c42"\uff0c"\u5728\u8fd9\u4e2a\u5bb6\u91cc\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u997f\u4e86\u4e0d\u80fd\u5927\u558a\u5927\u53eb"\u7b49\u7b49\uff09\u3002\u5b69\u5b50\u5b66\u4f1a\u4e86\u5fc5\u987b\u63a5\u53d7\u3001\u5185\u5316\u5e76\u8bf4\u51fa"\u5927\u4ed6\u8005\u7684\u8bdd\u8bed"(discourse of the Other)\uff08\u5728\u8fd9\u79cd\u60c5\u51b5\u4e0b\u662f\u6307\u7236\u6bcd\u7684\u8bdd\u8bed\uff09\uff0c\u4ee5\u4fbf\u8ba9\u4ed6\/\u5979\u7684\u9700\u8981\u5f97\u5230\u8ba4\u53ef\u3001\u627f\u8ba4\u548c\u6ee1\u610f\u7684\u5904\u7406\u3002\u7b80\u800c\u8a00\u4e4b\uff0c\u4ed6\/\u5979\u5fc5\u987b\u4ee5\u5927\/\u5c0f\u4ed6\u8005 (O\/others) \u7684\u793e\u4f1a-\u8c61\u5f81\u79e9\u5e8f\u6240\u5f3a\u52a0\u7684\u672f\u8bed\u548c\u60ef\u4f8b\u6765\u63d0\u51fa\u8981\u6c42\u3002\u62c9\u5eb7\u8ba4\u4e3a\uff0c\u81ea\u7136\u7684\u8eab\u4f53\u9700\u8981\u56e0\u6b64\u901a\u8fc7\u8981\u6c42\u7684\u4e3b\u4f53\u95f4\u6027\u548c\u8de8\u4e3b\u4f53\u6027\u52a8\u529b\u5b66\uff0c\u88ab\u8c61\u5f81\u754c\u4ed6\u8005\u6027 (Symbolic Otherness) \u7684\u80fd\u6307\u6240"\u6539\u5199"\uff0c\u901a\u8fc7\u8fd9\u79cd\u6539\u5199\uff0c\u529b\u6bd4\u591a\u7ecf\u6d4e (libidinal economy) \u7684\u57fa\u7840\u88ab\u53bb\u81ea\u7136\u5316\uff0c\u5e76\u53d7\u5236\u4e8e\u793e\u4f1a\u6587\u5316\u7684\u529b\u91cf\u548c\u56e0\u7d20\u3002\u8fd9\u79cd\u8fc7\u7a0b\u7684\u5927\u90e8\u5206\u90fd\u6c89\u6dc0\u5728\u5e74\u5e7c\u7684\u3001\u65b0\u751f\u7684\u4e3b\u4f53\u7cbe\u795e\u4e2d\uff0c\u6b64\u540e\u5728\u8fd9\u4e2a\u4eba\u7684\u4e00\u751f\u4e2d\u5bf9\u5176\u529b\u6bd4\u591a\u7ecf\u6d4e\u4ea7\u751f\u51b3\u5b9a\u6027\u7684\u5f71\u54cd\uff08\u901a\u5e38\u662f\u4ee5\u65e0\u610f\u8bc6\u7684\u65b9\u5f0f\uff09\u3002<\/p>\n

  \u57281958\u5e74\u7684\u6587\u672c\u300a\u9633\u5177\u7684\u80fd\u6307\u300b("The Signification of the Phallus") \u4e2d\uff0c\u62c9\u5eb7\u63d0\u4f9b\u4e86\u4e00\u4e2a\u7b80\u6d01\u7684\u516c\u5f0f\u6765\u5b9a\u4e49\u4e0e\u9700\u8981 (need) \u548c\u8981\u6c42 (demand) \u76f8\u5173\u7684"\u6b32\u671b"(desire)\u3002\u4ed6\u89c4\u5b9a\u6b32\u671b\u662f\u4ece\u8981\u6c42\u4e2d\u51cf\u53bb\u9700\u8981\u540e\u7684\u5269\u4f59\u3002\u8fd9\u4e2a\u7b49\u5f0f\u7a76\u7adf\u610f\u5473\u7740\u4ec0\u4e48\uff1f\u901a\u8fc7\u88ab\u8f6c\u8bd1\u4e3a\u8981\u6c42\uff0c\u9700\u8981\u5f00\u59cb\u627f\u8f7d\u4e86\u8d85\u8d8a\u751f\u7269\u5b66\u610f\u4e49\u7684\u5269\u4f59\uff1b\u751f\u547d\u5fc5\u9700\u54c1\u56e0\u6b64\u627f\u62c5\u4e86\u8d85\u51fa\u7eaf\u7cb9\u3001\u7b80\u5355\u7684\u6709\u673a\u751f\u5b58\u5c42\u9762\u7684\u8fc7\u5ea6\u610f\u4e49\u8d1f\u62c5\u3002\u4e3b\u8981\u662f\u7531\u4e8e\u5927\/\u5c0f\u4ed6\u8005 (O\/others) \u901a\u8fc7\u5c06\u8fd9\u4e9b\u9700\u8981\u89e3\u91ca\u4e3a\u793e\u4f1a-\u8c61\u5f81\u6027\u8981\u6c42\uff0c\u4e3a\u513f\u7ae5\u7684\u9700\u8981\u4f53\u9a8c\u589e\u6dfb\u4e86\u989d\u5916\u610f\u4e49\uff0c\u56e0\u6b64\u5bf9\u513f\u7ae5\u8981\u6c42\u7684\u56de\u5e94\u6ee1\u8db3\u5176\u9700\u8981\uff0c\u9996\u5148\u6210\u4e3a\u4e86\u68c0\u9a8c\u4ed6\/\u5979\u4e0e\u8fd9\u4e9b\u88ab\u53ec\u5524\u7684\u91cd\u8981\u5927\/\u5c0f\u4ed6\u8005\u5173\u7cfb\u7684\u8bd5\u91d1\u77f3\u3002\u5f53\u7236\u6bcd\u54cd\u5e94\u8868\u8fbe\u9965\u997f\u7684\u8981\u6c42\u800c\u63d0\u4f9b\u7279\u5b9a\u98df\u7269\u65f6\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e0d\u4ec5\u5411\u513f\u7ae5\u8868\u660e\u7236\u6bcd\u7406\u89e3\u9700\u8981\u6ee1\u8db3\u8fdb\u98df\u7684\u9700\u6c42\uff0c\u66f4\u91cd\u8981\u7684\u662f\uff0c\u8868\u660e\u4ed6\/\u5979\u88ab\u7236\u6bcd\u6240\u7231\uff0c\u4ed6\/\u5979\u5728\u7236\u6bcd\u7684\u5173\u6ce8\u548c\u4f18\u5148\u4e8b\u9879\u4e2d\u4eab\u6709\u7279\u6743\u5730\u4f4d\u3002\u56e0\u6b64\uff0c\u62c9\u5eb7\u65ad\u8a00\u6bcf\u4e00\u4e2a\u8981\u6c42\u5728\u6839\u672c\u4e0a\u90fd\u662f\u5bf9\u7231\u7684\u8981\u6c42\u3002\u56de\u5230"\u8981\u6c42 - \u9700\u8981 = \u6b32\u671b"\u8fd9\u4e2a\u7b49\u5f0f\uff0c\u5f53\u4e00\u4e2a\u8981\u6c42\u88ab\u6307\u5411\u53e6\u4e00\u4e2a\u4eba\u65f6\uff0c\u6240\u6b32\u671b\u7684\u5e76\u4e0d\u4ec5\u4ec5\u662f\u5bf9\u6240\u8868\u8fbe\u9700\u8981\u7684\u6ee1\u8db3\uff0c\u66f4\u662f\u9664\u6b64\u4e4b\u5916\u7684\u53e6\u4e00\u4e2a\u4eba\u7684\u7231\u672c\u8eab\u3002<\/p>\n

  \u4e3a\u4eba\u7236\u6bcd\u90fd\u592a\u719f\u6089\u5b69\u5b50\u4eec\u90a3\u4f3c\u4e4e\u6c38\u65e0\u6b62\u5883\u7684\u8981\u6c42\u5e8f\u5217\u4e86\uff08"\u6211\u8981\u4e09\u660e\u6cbb"\uff0c"\u597d\u7684\uff0c\u7ed9\u4f60\u4e09\u660e\u6cbb"\u2026\u2026"\u6211\u8981\u68d2\u68d2\u7cd6"\uff0c"\u597d\u7684\uff0c\u7ed9\u4f60\u68d2\u68d2\u7cd6"\u2026\u2026"\u6211\u8981\u65b0\u73a9\u5177"\uff0c"\u597d\u7684\uff0c\u7ed9\u4f60\u65b0\u73a9\u5177"\u2026\u2026\u5982\u6b64\u5faa\u73af\u5f80\u590d\uff0c\u76f4\u5230\u75b2\u60eb\u7684\u7236\u6bcd\u8bf4\u51fa\u4e00\u4e2a"\u4e0d\u884c"\u5e76\u5728\u6fc0\u70c8\u7684\u6297\u8bae\u4e2d\u75b2\u60eb\u5730\u575a\u6301\uff09\u3002\u65e0\u8bba\u662f\u5426\u4e3a\u4eba\u7236\u6bcd\uff0c\u6210\u5e74\u4eba\u4e5f\u610f\u8bc6\u5230\u81ea\u5df1\u6709\u7c7b\u4f3c\u7684\u6b32\u671b\u4e0d\u5b89\uff0c\u65e0\u6cd5\u83b7\u5f97\u4e00\u4e2a\u80fd\u6210\u4e3a"\u7ec8\u6781\u4e4b\u7269"(IT)\u7684\u5bf9\u8c61\u6216\u8fbe\u5230\u4e00\u4e2a\u6210\u5c31\uff0c\u5373\u67d0\u79cd\u80fd\u6c38\u8fdc\u3001\u6700\u7ec8\u6ee1\u8db3\u6240\u6709\u60f3\u8981\u4e0e\u613f\u671b\u7684\u76ee\u6807\u3002\u540c\u6837\u5730\uff0c\u604b\u7231\u5173\u7cfb\u4e2d\u7684\u6210\u5e74\u4eba\u6c38\u8fdc\u4e0d\u4f1a\u6ee1\u8db3\u4e8e\u88ab\u7231\u4eba\u8bf4\u4e00\u6b21"\u6211\u7231\u4f60"\uff1b\u4ed6\/\u5979\u575a\u6301\u8981\u6c42\u91cd\u8981\u4ed6\u8005\u65e0\u9650\u91cd\u590d"\u6211\u7231\u4f60"\u7684\u80af\u5b9a\uff08\u4eff\u4f5b\u4efb\u4f55\u80af\u5b9a\u90fd\u6c38\u8fdc\u4e0d\u591f\uff09\u3002\u6839\u636e\u62c9\u5eb7\u7684\u89c2\u70b9\uff0c\u65e0\u8bba\u662f\u513f\u7ae5\u8fd8\u662f\u6210\u4eba\u7684\u8fd9\u79cd\u4e0d\u6ee1\u8db3\u7684\u8fb9\u9645\u3001\u90a3\u4e9b\u6c38\u8fdc\u65e0\u6cd5\u6070\u5230\u597d\u5904\u5730\u88ab\u629a\u6170\u7684\u3001\u4e0d\u65ad\u91cd\u73b0\u7684\u7619\u75d2\uff0c\u90fd\u53ef\u4ee5\u901a\u8fc7\u9610\u660e\u5728\u6240\u6709\u8981\u6c42\u4e2d\u9664\u4e86\u6ee1\u8db3\u76f8\u5e94\u9700\u8981\u4e4b\u5916\u8fc7\u5ea6\u6dfb\u52a0\u7684"\u7231"\u7684\u672c\u8d28\u6765\u89e3\u91ca\u3002\u4eba\u4eec\u6240\u8bf7\u6c42\u7684\u662f\u4e00\u79cd\u57fa\u4e8e\u62c9\u5eb7\u4e3b\u4e49\u4e2d\u767b\u5f55\u7406\u8bba\u7248\u672c\u7684\u5927\/\u5c0f\u4ed6\u8005\u6027 (O\/otherness) \u7684\u4e0d\u53ef\u80fd\u4e4b\u7269\uff08\u89c1\u4e0a\u65872.1\u548c2.3\u8282\uff09\uff1a\u5373\u8bd5\u56fe\u5c06\u5b9e\u5728\u754c\u4ed6\u8005\u6027 (Real Otherness) \u90a3\u8fd0\u52a8\u7684\u3001\u6ed1\u52a8\u7684\u6838\u5fc3\u7684\u4e0d\u53ef\u5ba2\u4f53\u5316\u7684\u5426\u5b9a\u6027\uff08\u5373\u5b9e\u5728\u754c\u4ed6\u8005[Real Other]\u90a3\u6c38\u8fdc\u8fd0\u52a8\u7740\u7684\u60c5\u611f\u3001\u5173\u6ce8\u7b49\u7b49\u7684\u6b32\u671b\u6838\u5fc3\uff0c\u5305\u62ec\u610f\u8bc6\u7684\u548c\u65e0\u610f\u8bc6\u7684\uff09\u5ba2\u4f53\u5316\u4e3a\u4e00\u4e2a\u9759\u6001\u7684\u3001\u7a33\u5b9a\u7684\u4e8b\u7269\u7684\u6b63\u9762\u6027\uff08\u5373\u4e00\u4e2a\u53ef\u4ee5\u88ab\u5305\u88c5\u5e76\u4f5c\u4e3a\u5bf9\u8981\u6c42\u7684\u56de\u5e94\u800c\u9012\u9001\u7684\u7279\u6b8a\u5bf9\u8c61\uff09\u3002\u518d\u6b21\u4ee5\u9965\u997f\u4e3a\u4f8b\uff0c\u867d\u7136\u5927\/\u5c0f\u4ed6\u8005 (O\/others) \u53ef\u4ee5\u901a\u8fc7\u63d0\u4f9b\u8425\u517b\u7269\u8d28\u6765\u56de\u5e94\u5bf9\u98df\u7269\u7684\u8981\u6c42\uff0c\u4ece\u800c\u6ee1\u8db3\u8425\u517b\u9700\u8981\uff0c\u4f46\u4ed6\/\u5979\u5728\u672c\u8d28\u4e0a\u65e0\u6cd5\u5c06\u5176\u6b32\u671b\u5b58\u5728\u7684\u6838\u5fc3\uff08\u5373\u4ed6\/\u5979\u7684"\u7231"\u8fd9\u4e2a\u975e\u5bf9\u8c61\uff09\u8f6c\u5316\u4e3a\u53ef\u4ee5\u4e0e\u98df\u7269\u7b49\u4e00\u8d77\u8d60\u4e88\u7684\u4f17\u591a\u6709\u5f62\u5bf9\u8c61\u4e4b\u4e00\u3002\u5982\u540c\u7a0d\u540e\u5c06\u8981\u8ba8\u8bba\u7684\uff08\u89c1\u4e0b\u65872.4.3\u8282\uff09\uff0c\u5728\u6b32\u671b\u4e3b\u4f53\u7684\u4e00\u65b9\u2014\u2014\u800c\u6bcf\u4e2a\u4eba\u90fd\u662f\u6b32\u671b\u7684\u8981\u6c42\u8005\u2014\u2014\u610f\u8bc6\u548c\u65e0\u610f\u8bc6\u7684\u5e7b\u60f3 (fantasies) \u4f1a\u88ab\u4f34\u968f\u6b32\u671b\u7684\u5fc5\u7136\u7684\u3001\u4e0d\u53ef\u907f\u514d\u7684\u4e0d\u6ee1\u8db3\u6240\u5524\u8d77\u3002\u8fd9\u4e9b\u5e7b\u60f3\u63a9\u76d6\u4e86\u4f7f\u6b32\u671b\u5f97\u5230\u6ee1\u8db3\u6027\u7ec8\u7ed3\u7684\u4e0d\u53ef\u80fd\u6027\u3002\u5b83\u4eec\u901a\u8fc7\u5efa\u6784\u4e00\u4e9b\u573a\u666f\u6765\u5b9e\u73b0\u8fd9\u4e00\u70b9\uff0c\u5728\u8fd9\u4e9b\u573a\u666f\u4e2d\u5b58\u5728\u7740\u4e00\u4e2a\u5c1a\u672a\uff08\u91cd\u65b0\uff09\u83b7\u5f97\u7684\u3001\u771f\u6b63\u662f"\u7ec8\u6781\u4e4b\u7269"\u7684\u5bf9\u8c61\u3002\u6b64\u5916\uff0c\u5728\u8fd9\u4e9b\u5e7b\u60f3\u573a\u666f\u4e2d\uff0c\u5173\u4e8e\u5b9e\u5728\u754c\u4ed6\u8005\u96be\u4ee5\u6349\u6478\u7684\u6b32\u671b\u7684\u95ee\u9898\uff08"\u4ed6\u8005\u60f3\u8981\u4ec0\u4e48\uff0c\u7279\u522b\u662f\u60f3\u8981\u6211\u505a\u4ec0\u4e48\uff1f"\uff09\u5f97\u5230\u4e86\u67d0\u79cd\u5c55\u6f14\u3002<\/p>\n

  \u5230\u73b0\u5728\u5e94\u8be5\u5f88\u6e05\u695a\uff0c\u8c61\u5f81\u79e9\u5e8f\u7684\u80fd\u6307\uff08\u5373\u5927\u4ed6\u8005[big Others]\u7684\u8bdd\u8bed\uff09\u7684\u4ecb\u5165\u662f\u9700\u8981-\u8981\u6c42-\u6b32\u671b\u4e09\u5143\u7ec4 (need-demand-desire triad) \u751f\u6210\u8fc7\u7a0b\u4e2d\u4e0d\u53ef\u6216\u7f3a\u7684\u3002\u901a\u8fc7\u8fd9\u4e9b\u80fd\u6307\u5bf9\u5e7c\u513f\u8eab\u5fc3\u7684\u4fb5\u5165\u6027\u5207\u5272\uff0c\u4e00\u4e2a\u9700\u8981\u7684\u539f\u59cb\u4e3b\u4f53\u6027\u5b58\u5728\uff0c\u7ecf\u7531\u89c4\u8bad\u7684\u8981\u6c42\uff08\u5728\u6240\u6709\u683c\u7684\u53cc\u91cd\u610f\u4e49\u4e0a\uff09\uff0c\u88ab\u8f6c\u5316\u4e3a\u6b32\u671b\u7684\u4e3b\u4f53\u3002\u8fd9\u6837\u7684\u4e3b\u4f53\u662f"\u88ab\u5212\u9664\u7684"\u2014\u2014\u62c9\u5eb7\u7528\u4e8e\u8868\u793a\u88ab\u5212\u9664\u7684\u6b32\u671b\u4e3b\u4f53\u7684\u6570\u7406\u7d20 (matheme) \u662f\\$\u2014\u2014\u5b83\u4ece\u5176\u81ea\u7136\u9700\u8981\u4e2d\u88ab\u5f02\u5316\uff0c\u5e76\u88ab\u8f6c\u79fb\u5230\u6ce8\u5b9a\u6c38\u8fdc\u65e0\u6cd5\u5230\u8fbe\u6109\u60a6\u76ee\u7684\u5730\u7684\u975e\u81ea\u7136\u6b32\u671b\u7684\u8f68\u9053\u4e0a\u3002\u7ed3\u5408\u4ed6\u5bf9\u4fc4\u72c4\u6d66\u65af\u60c5\u7ed3 (Oedipus complex) \u7684\u4fee\u6b63\uff08\u89c1\u4e0a\u65872.3\u8282\uff09\uff0c\u62c9\u5eb7\u5c06\u5f17\u6d1b\u4f0a\u5fb7\u7684\u9609\u5272\u8f6c\u5316\u4e3a"\u8c61\u5f81\u6027\u9609\u5272"(symbolic castration)\u3002\u540e\u8005\u4e0d\u662f\u5bf9\u8eab\u4f53\u5b8c\u6574\u6027\u6784\u6210\u5177\u4f53\u5a01\u80c1\u7684\u771f\u5b9e\u6216\u60f3\u8c61\u573a\u666f\uff0c\u800c\u662f\u6307\u79f0\u7531\u4e8e\u88ab\u7f6e\u5165\u5e76\u81e3\u670d\u4e8e\u5468\u56f4\u7684\u793e\u4f1a-\u8c61\u5f81\u8bed\u5883\uff0c\u88ab\u8feb\u4f9d\u8d56\u4e8e\u80fd\u6307\u7684\u964c\u751f\u6027\u53ca\u5176\u6240\u5e26\u6765\u7684\u4e00\u5207\uff0c\u800c\u5bf9\u65e9\u719f\u7684\u4eba\u7c7b\u52a8\u7269\u9020\u6210\u7684\u53cc\u91cd\u7684\u8eab\u4f53\u548c\u5fc3\u7406\u6df7\u4e71\u6548\u679c\u3002<\/p>\n

2.4.2 Drive and Jouissance<\/h4>\n

  \u5728\u5f17\u6d1b\u4f0a\u5fb7\u7684\u9a71\u529b\u7406\u8bba (drive theory) \u4e2d\uff0c\u5347\u534e (sublimation) \u76f8\u5f53\u4e8e\u9a71\u529b\u5728\u9762\u5bf9"\u76ee\u6807\u6291\u5236"(aim-inhibition)\uff08\u5373\u901a\u5411\u65e9\u671f\u76ee\u6807\u9a71\u529b\u5bf9\u8c61\u7684\u539f\u6709\u8def\u5f84\u88ab\u963b\u65ad\uff09\u65f6\uff0c\u627e\u5230\u83b7\u5f97\u6ee1\u8db3 (Befriedigung) \u7684\u65b9\u5f0f\u3002\u4f46\u662f\uff0c\u6b63\u5982\u62c9\u5eb7\u6240\u89c2\u5bdf\u5230\u7684\uff0c\u5f17\u6d1b\u4f0a\u5fb7\u4e5f\u5947\u602a\u5730\u5c06\u4efb\u4f55\u548c\u6240\u6709\u9a71\u529b\u7684\u76ee\u6807 (Ziel) \u90fd\u5b9a\u4e49\u4e3a\u6ee1\u8db3\u3002\u90a3\u4e48\uff0c\u5982\u679c\u9a71\u529b\u7684\u76ee\u6807\uff08\u88ab\u5b9a\u4e49\u4e3a\u83b7\u5f97\u6ee1\u8db3\uff09\u88ab\u6291\u5236\u4e86\uff0c\u5b83\u53c8\u600e\u4e48\u80fd\u83b7\u5f97\u6ee1\u8db3\u5462\uff1f\u62c9\u5eb7\u5bf9\u8fd9\u4e2a\u8868\u9762\u4e0a\u7684\u5f17\u6d1b\u4f0a\u5fb7\u77db\u76fe\u7684\u56de\u5e94\u662f\uff0c\u63d0\u51fa\u4e86\u9a71\u529b\u4f5c\u4e3a\u4e00\u4e2a\u5143\u5fc3\u7406\u5b66 (metapsychological) \u5b9e\u4f53\u7684\u76ee\u6807\u4e0e"\u76ee\u7684"\u4e4b\u95f4\u7684\u533a\u5206\uff1a\u867d\u7136\u9a71\u529b\u7684\u76ee\u6807\u53ef\u80fd\u4e14\u4e0d\u53ef\u907f\u514d\u5730\u88ab\u6291\u5236\uff0c\u4f46\u5176\uff08\u771f\u6b63\u7684\uff09\u76ee\u7684\u603b\u662f\u80fd\u591f\u8fbe\u5230\u2014\u2014\u8fd9\u662f\u56e0\u4e3a\u5176\u76ee\u7684\u4e0d\u8fc7\u662f\u4eab\u53d7\u56f4\u7ed5\u7740\u843d\u5728\u5176\u8def\u5f84\u4e0a\u7684\u4efb\u4f55\u963b\u788d\u7269\u53cd\u590d\u5faa\u73af\u7684\u6c38\u6052\u8fd0\u52a8\u3002<\/p>\n

  \u6839\u636e\u4e00\u79cd\u5e7f\u6cdb\u63a5\u53d7\u7684\u89e3\u8bfb\uff08\u7531\u65af\u62c9\u6c83\u70ed\u00b7\u9f50\u6cfd\u514b[Slavoj \u017di\u017eek]\u548c\u62c9\u5eb7\u7406\u8bba\u65af\u6d1b\u6587\u5c3c\u4e9a\u5b66\u6d3e[Slovenian School]\u6240\u5021\u5bfc\uff09\uff0c\u57fa\u4e8e\u4e0a\u8ff0\u5185\u5bb9\uff0c\u62c9\u5eb7\u533a\u5206\u4e86\u6b32\u671b (desire) \u548c\u9a71\u529b (drive)\u3002\u5982\u524d\u6240\u8ff0\uff08\u89c1\u4e0a\u65872.4.1\u8282\uff09\uff0c\u6b32\u671b\u7684\u4e00\u4e2a\u672c\u8d28\u7279\u5f81\u662f\u5176\u4e0d\u5b89\u5b9a\u6027\uff0c\u5176\u6301\u7eed\u7684\u6fc0\u52a8\u641c\u5bfb\u548c\u5f92\u52b3\u7684\u594b\u6597\u3002\u5b83\u6240\u83b7\u5f97\u7684\u4efb\u4f55\u5bf9\u8c61\u90fd\u6c38\u8fdc\u4e0d\u662f\u90a3\u4e2a"\u7ec8\u6781\u4e4b\u7269"(IT)\u3002\u800c\u6b32\u671b\u56f0\u4e8e\u5176\u4e0d\u6ee1\u8db3\u7684\u3001\u4ece\u4e00\u4e2a\u5bf9\u8c61\u5230\u53e6\u4e00\u4e2a\u5bf9\u8c61\u7684\u6c38\u8fdc\u5411\u524d\u6f02\u79fb\uff08\u8fd9\u79cd\u7ed3\u6784\u6027\u8fd0\u52a8\u7c7b\u4f3c\u4e8e\u9ed1\u683c\u5c14\u6240\u8bf4\u7684"\u865a\u5047\u7684\/\u574f\u7684\u65e0\u9650"[spurious\/bad infinite]\uff09\uff0c\u9a71\u529b\u5219\u4ece\u8fd9\u79cd\u7531\u6b32\u671b\u9a71\u52a8\u7684\u3001\u56f4\u7ed5\u7740\u4e0d\u53ef\u80fd\u5373\u65e0\u6cd5\u8fbe\u5230\u4e4b\u7269\u7684\u6d88\u5931\u70b9\u7684\u529b\u6bd4\u591a\u5faa\u73af\u4e2d\u83b7\u5f97\u4e00\u79cd\u5012\u9519\u7684\u4eab\u4e50\u3002\u5728\u6b32\u671b\u53d7\u632b\u7684\u5730\u65b9\uff0c\u9a71\u529b\u5f97\u5230\u6ee1\u8db3\u3002\u9a71\u529b\u901a\u8fc7\u5438\u8840\u9b3c\u822c\u5730\u542e\u5438\u6b32\u671b\u7684\u4e0d\u6ee1\u8db3\u6765\u83b7\u5f97\u5176\u6ee1\u8db3\u3002<\/p>\n

  \u4e0e\u5176\u6700\u7d27\u5bc6\u5173\u8054\u7684\u5b9e\u5728\u754c (the Real) \u7684\u5c42\u7ea7\u4e00\u6837\uff0c\u6b22\u723d (jouissance) \u8fd9\u4e2a\u57281950\u5e74\u4ee3\u672b\u6d6e\u73b0\u7684\u6982\u5ff5\u5f88\u96be\u7528\u7b80\u6d01\u7684\u5b9a\u4e49\u516c\u5f0f\u6765\u6982\u62ec\u3002\u52301980\u5e74\u4ee3\u521d\u62c9\u5eb7\u7406\u8bba\u53d1\u5c55\u7684\u7ec8\u70b9\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e2a\u672f\u8bed\u5df2\u7ecf\u5177\u6709\u4e86\u5927\u91cf\u7684\u80fd\u6307\u610f\u4e49\uff0c\u5206\u5316\u5e76\u7ec6\u5206\u4e3a\u4e00\u7cfb\u5217\u65e2\u4e0d\u540c\u53c8\u76f8\u5173\u7684\u6982\u5ff5\u3002\u5728\u82f1\u8bed\u4e16\u754c\u7684\u62c9\u5eb7\u7814\u7a76\u4e2d\uff0cjouissance \u51e0\u4e4e\u603b\u662f\u4fdd\u6301\u4e0d\u8bd1\uff0c\u56e0\u4e3a\u5176\u82f1\u8bed\u5bf9\u5e94\u8bcd"enjoyment"\uff08\u4eab\u4e50\uff09\u65e0\u6cd5\u6355\u6349\u539f\u59cb\u6cd5\u8bed\u8bcd\u4e2d\u7279\u5b9a\u7684\u6027\u6b32\u5185\u6db5\u3002<\/p>\n

  \u5f00\u59cb\u7406\u89e3\u62c9\u5eb7\u6240\u8bf4\u7684\u6b22\u723d (jouissance) \u7684\u6700\u4f73\u65b9\u5f0f\u662f\u901a\u8fc7\u53c2\u7167\u62c9\u5eb7\u5bf9\u9a71\u529b\u548c\u6b32\u671b\u7684\u533a\u5206\uff08\u89c1\u4e0a\u65872.4.2\u8282\uff09\uff0c\u5e76\u7ed3\u5408\u5f17\u6d1b\u4f0a\u5fb7\u5173\u4e8e\u5176\u540e\u671f\u53cc\u91cd\u9a71\u529b\u7406\u8bba\u4e2d\u8457\u540d\u7684\u6b7b\u4ea1\u9a71\u529b (Todestrieb) \u7684\u67d0\u4e9b\u89c4\u5b9a\uff08\u9996\u6b21\u5728\u300a\u8d85\u8d8a\u5feb\u611f\u539f\u5219\u300b[Beyond the Pleasure Principle]\uff081920\uff09\u4e2d\u63d0\u51fa\uff09\u3002\u4e0e\u5f17\u6d1b\u4f0a\u5fb7\u7684\u6b7b\u4ea1\u9a71\u529b\u4e00\u6837\uff0c\u62c9\u5eb7\u7684\u6b22\u723d\u662f"\u8d85\u8d8a\u5feb\u611f\u539f\u5219"\u7684\uff08\u8fd9\u4e5f\u662f\u4e3a\u4ec0\u4e48\u82f1\u8bed\u4e2d\u7684"enjoyment"\u4f5c\u4e3a\u5feb\u611f\u7684\u540c\u4e49\u8bcd\uff0c\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u4e0d\u6070\u5f53\u7684\u7ffb\u8bd1\u7684\u53e6\u4e00\u4e2a\u539f\u56e0\uff09\u30021920\u5e74\u540e\u7684\u5f17\u6d1b\u4f0a\u5fb7\u601d\u8003\u9053\uff0c\u6240\u6709\u9a71\u529b\u6216\u8bb8\u90fd\u53ef\u4ee5\u88ab\u79f0\u4e3a\u6b7b\u4ea1\u9a71\u529b\uff0c\u8fd9\u610f\u5473\u7740\u6bcf\u4e00\u4e2a\u9a71\u529b\u53ef\u80fd\u90fd\u5728\u8fd0\u4f5c\uff0c\u81f3\u5c11\u5728\u67d0\u4e9b\u65f6\u5019\u7684\u67d0\u4e9b\u65b9\u9762\uff0c\u662f\u4e0e\u5bf9\u5feb\u611f\u7684\u8ffd\u6c42\u76f8\u53cd\u7684\uff0c\u8fd9\u91cc\u7684\u5feb\u611f\u6307\u5e73\u8861\u3001\u6ee1\u8db3\u3001\u7a33\u6001\u3001\u6ee1\u610f\u7b49\u3002\u6cbf\u7740\u8fd9\u4e9b\u601d\u8def\uff0c\u62c9\u5eb7\u7684\u9a71\u529b\u4ece\u6b32\u671b\u7684\u632b\u6298\u548c\u5931\u8d25\u4e2d\u63d0\u53d6"\u4eab\u4e50"\uff1b\u800c\u6b32\u671b\u662f\u4ee5\u96be\u4ee5\u6349\u6478\u7684\u5feb\u611f\u5373\u6ee1\u8db3\u4e3a\u76ee\u6807\u53d6\u5411\u7684\uff0c\u9a71\u529b\u5219\u6070\u6070\u901a\u8fc7\u6291\u5236\u6b32\u671b\u672c\u8eab\u6765\u4ea7\u751f\u5176\u8d85\u8d8a\u5feb\u611f\u7684\u6b22\u723d (jouissance-beyond-pleasure)\u3002\u8fd9\u79cd\u529b\u6bd4\u591a\u7ecf\u6d4e (libidinal economy) \u7684\u8fd9\u4e00\u9762\u6240\u8574\u542b\u7684\u8bf8\u591a\u53ef\u80fd\u7684\u65bd\u8650\u72c2\u548c\u53d7\u8650\u72c2\u542b\u4e49\u5e76\u4e0d\u96be\u60f3\u8c61\u3002<\/p>\n

  \u57281920\u5e74\uff0c\u4fc3\u4f7f\u5f17\u6d1b\u4f0a\u5fb7\u5e9f\u9edc\u5feb\u611f\u539f\u5219\u4f5c\u4e3a\u7cbe\u795e\u6574\u4f53\u7684\u524d\u9738\u6743\u7edf\u6cbb\u8005\u7684\u51e0\u4e2a\u4e34\u5e8a\u73b0\u8c61\u4e4b\u4e00\u662f"\u91cd\u590d\u5f3a\u8feb"(Wiederholungszwang)\u2014\u2014\u7279\u522b\u662f\u7cbe\u795e\u4ee4\u4eba\u56f0\u60d1\u7684\u3001\u81ea\u53d1\u5730\u5f3a\u8feb\u6027\u91cd\u590d\u90a3\u4e9b\u75db\u82e6\u548c\/\u6216\u521b\u4f24\u6027\u7684\u4e8b\u7269\uff08\u8fd9\u65b9\u9762\u7684\u4f8b\u5b50\u5305\u62ec\u521b\u4f24\u540e\u969c\u788d\u3001\u6240\u8c13\u7684"\u6d88\u6781\u6cbb\u7597\u53cd\u5e94"[negative therapeutic reaction]\uff0c\u4ee5\u53ca\u795e\u7ecf\u75c7\u60a3\u8005\u65e0\u610f\u8bc6\u5730\u4e3a\u81ea\u5df1\u5b89\u6392\u7684\u53cd\u590d\u6027\u81ea\u6211\u632b\u8d25\uff09\u3002\u6b7b\u4ea1\u9a71\u529b\u7684\u7406\u8bba\u529f\u80fd\u4e4b\u4e00\u662f\u89e3\u91ca\u90a3\u4e9b\u65e0\u89c6\u6216\u6253\u7834\u5feb\u611f\u539f\u5219\u4f5c\u4e3a\u5fc3\u7406\u751f\u6d3b\u57fa\u672c"\u6cd5\u5219"\u7edf\u6cbb\u7684\u73b0\u8c61\u3002\u5728\u62c9\u5eb7\u7684\u6982\u5ff5\u7cfb\u7edf\u4e2d\uff0c\u6b22\u723d (jouissance) \u6709\u65f6\u540c\u6837\u6307\u4ee3\u4e00\u79cd\u538b\u5012\u6027\u7684\u529b\u91cf\/\u503e\u5411\uff0c\u5f3a\u8feb\u6027\u5730\u91cd\u590d\u90a3\u4e9b\u6253\u7834\u5fc3\u7406\u4e3b\u4f53\u6027\u7684\u60f3\u8c61\u754c-\u8c61\u5f81\u754c\u73b0\u5b9e (Imaginary-Symbolic reality) \u7684\u5e73\u9759\u3001\u5fae\u5999\u5e73\u8861\u7684\u4f53\u9a8c\u6216\u4e8b\u4ef6\uff08\u56e0\u6b64\u6b22\u723d\u4e0e\u5b9e\u5728\u754c[the Real]\u7684\u5173\u8054\uff09\u3002<\/p>\n

  \u5728\u65b0\u751f\u513f\u4f5c\u4e3a\u751f\u7269\u5b58\u5728\u83b7\u5f97\u81ea\u6211\u548c\u8a00\u8bf4\u4e3b\u4f53\u6027\u7684\u8fc7\u7a0b\u4e2d\u2014\u2014\u8fd9\u6d89\u53ca\u6d3b\u4f53\u751f\u547d\u4f53\u88ab\u63d0\u4ea4\u7ed9\u60f3\u8c61\u754c-\u8c61\u5f81\u754c\u73b0\u5b9e (Imaginary-Symbolic reality) \u7684\u4e2d\u4ecb\u77e9\u9635\u2014\u2014\u8fd9\u4e2a\u4eba\u7c7b\u751f\u7269\u636e\u63a8\u6d4b\u901a\u8fc7\u8c61\u5f81\u6027\u9609\u5272 (symbolic castration)\uff08\u89c1\u4e0a\u65872.4.1\u8282\uff09\u5931\u53bb\u4e86\u5bf9\u4e00\u79cd\u76f4\u63a5\u7684\u3001\u672a\u7ecf\u7a00\u91ca\u7684\u6b22\u723d (jouissance) \u7684\u83b7\u53d6\uff0c\u8fd9\u79cd\u6b22\u723d\u5177\u6709\u539f\u59cb\u7684\u3001\u672a\u7ecf\u7f13\u548c\u7684\u5f3a\u5ea6\uff08\u5728\u62c9\u5eb7\u7406\u8bba\u4e2d\uff0c\u8fd9\u7a76\u7adf\u662f\u7ebf\u6027\u65f6\u95f4\u5e8f\u5217\u4e2d\u7684\u672c\u4f53\u53d1\u751f\u7684\u5b9e\u9645\u4e8b\u5b9e\uff0c\u8fd8\u662f\u4e8b\u540e\u8ffd\u6eaf (apr\u00e8s-coup) \u7684\u5e7b\u60f3\uff0c\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u590d\u6742\u7684\u95ee\u9898\uff09\u3002\u8fd9\u79cd\u636e\u63a8\u6d4b\u5df2\u88ab\u8a00\u8bf4\u4e3b\u4f53\u5931\u53bb\u7684\u6b22\u723d\uff0c\u53ea\u80fd\u4ee5\u6240\u8c13"\u9650\u5ea6\u7ecf\u9a8c"(limit experiences) \u7684\u4f2a\u88c5\u5f62\u5f0f\u8fd4\u56de\uff0c\u5373\u4e0e\u90a3\u4e9b\u5177\u6709\u6bc1\u706d\u6027\u7684\u3001\u4e0d\u53ef\u540c\u5316\u7684\u3001\u538b\u5012\u6027\u7684\u3001\u521b\u4f24\u6027\u7684\u6216\u4e0d\u53ef\u627f\u53d7\u7684\u4e8b\u7269\u76f8\u9047\u3002\u540c\u6837\uff0c\u5728\u8fd9\u4e2a\u610f\u4e49\u4e0a\uff0c\u6b22\u723d\u4e0e\u8de8\u754c\u8fdd\u89c4\u3001\u7a81\u7834\u8fb9\u754c\u548c\u6253\u7834\u5c4f\u969c\u76f8\u5173\u3002\u5bf9\u8bf4\u5b58\u4eba (parl\u00eatre) \u6765\u8bf4\uff0c\u8981\u5bb9\u7eb3\u3001\u5bb9\u5fcd\u548c\u6d88\u5316\u8fd9\u79cd\u6b22\u723d\u662f\u56f0\u96be\u7684\uff0c\u5982\u679c\u4e0d\u662f\u4e0d\u53ef\u80fd\u7684\u3002\u8a00\u8bf4\u5b58\u5728\u88ab\u8feb\u4e0e\u5176\u59cb\u7ec8\u5177\u6709\u95ee\u9898\u6027\u7684\u6b22\u723d\u4e0d\u5b89\u5730\u5171\u5904\u3002<\/p>\n

2.4.3 Fantasy and Object a<\/h4>\n

  \u4e0e\u5f17\u6d1b\u4f0a\u5fb7\u5173\u4e8e\u7cbe\u795e\u751f\u6d3b\u4e2d\u5e7b\u60f3\u7684\u8ba8\u8bba\u76f8\u4e00\u81f4\uff0c\u62c9\u5eb7\u5c06\u5e7b\u60f3\uff0c\u7279\u522b\u662f\u90a3\u4e9b\u5728\u65e0\u610f\u8bc6\u7684\u57fa\u672c\u6784\u578b\u5c42\u9762\u8fd0\u4f5c\u7684\u5e7b\u60f3\uff0c\u89c6\u4e3a\u6b32\u671b\u4e3b\u4f53\u6027\u7684\u56fe\u5f0f\u5316\uff08\u5728\u51c6\u5eb7\u5fb7\u610f\u4e49\u4e0a\uff09\u3002\u6362\u8a00\u4e4b\uff0c\u7279\u5b9a\u4e3b\u4f53\u7684\u6b32\u6c42\u548c\u613f\u671b\u662f\u7531\u4e00\u4e2a\u72ec\u7279\u7684\u9aa8\u67b6\u6a21\u677f\uff0c\u4e00\u4e2a\u7279\u5f02\u7684\u548c\u8303\u5f0f\u6027\u7684\u539f\u521d\u573a\u666f (Ur-scene) \u6240\u5851\u9020\u548c\u652f\u914d\u7684\uff0c\u5728\u8fd9\u4e2a\u573a\u666f\u4e2d\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e2a\u6b32\u671b\u7684\u4e3b\u4f53\u4ee5\u7279\u5b9a\u65b9\u5f0f\u9762\u5bf9\u5176\u6b32\u671b\u7684\u7279\u5b9a\u5bf9\u8c61\u800c\u88ab\u5b9a\u4f4d\u3002\u8fd9\u4e2a\u57fa\u672c\u6a21\u677f\/\u573a\u666f\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u65e0\u610f\u8bc6\u6784\u578b\uff0c\u4f5c\u4e3a\u4e3b\u4f53\u7684\u529b\u6bd4\u591a\u7ecf\u6d4e (libidinal economy) \u5728\u5176\u6240\u6709\u5173\u952e\u7684\u3001\u75c7\u72b6\u6027\u8868\u73b0\u4e2d\u7684\u5148\u9a8c\u53ef\u80fd\u6027\u6761\u4ef6\u800c\u8fd0\u4f5c\u3002\u62c9\u5eb7\u8868\u793a\u5e7b\u60f3\u7684\u6570\u7406\u516c\u5f0f (matheme) \u662f \\$ \u25ca a\u3002\u5176\u4e2d\u7684 \\$ \u4ee3\u8868\u56e0\u4ed6\u8005\u4ecb\u5165\u7684\u906e\u853d\/\u5206\u88c2\u7ed3\u679c\u800c\u4ea7\u751f\u7684\u6b32\u671b\u4e3b\u4f53 (subject of desire)\uff08\u89c1\u4e0a\u65872.3\u548c2.4.1\u8282\uff09\u3002<\/p>\n

  \u8fd9\u91cc\u7684a\u4ee3\u8868\u5c0f\u5bf9\u8c61a (objet petit a)\uff0c\u5373\u4f5c\u4e3a"\u6b32\u671b\u7684\u5bf9\u8c61-\u539f\u56e0"(object-cause of desire) \u7684\u5bf9\u8c61a\u3002\u62c9\u5eb7\u4f7f\u7528\u8fd9\u4e2a\u540e\u4e00\u4e2a\u77ed\u8bed\u6765\u6307\u79f0\u5bf9\u8c61a\uff0c\u662f\u56e0\u4e3a\u8fd9\u4e2a"\u5bf9\u8c61"\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u5e7d\u7075\u822c\u7684\u3001\u865a\u62df\u7684\u6784\u9020\u7269\uff0c\u5b83\u5bf9\u6b32\u671b\u4e3b\u4f53\u800c\u8a00\u53ef\u4ee5\u88ab\u5b9a\u6027\u4e3a"\u90a3\u4e2a\u4e1c\u897f"\uff08\u89c1\u4e0a\u65872.4.1\u8282\uff09\u3002\u5728\u8fd9\u4e2a\u8fc7\u7a0b\u4e2d\uff0c\u6b32\u671b\u5bf9\u8c61\u7684\u529b\u6bd4\u591a-\u5148\u9a8c\u56fe\u5f0f\uff08\u5373a\uff09"\u81f4\u4f7f"\u4e2a\u4f53\u7684\u529b\u6bd4\u591a-\u7231\u6b32\u5386\u53f2\u548c\u7ecf\u9a8c\u4e2d\u7684\u67d0\u4e9b\u7279\u5b9a\u7ecf\u9a8c\u5bf9\u8c61\u88ab\u6b32\u6c42\uff0c\u4f5c\u4e3a"\u90a3\u4e2a\u4e1c\u897f"\u7684\u66ff\u4ee3\u7269\u3002\u7136\u800c\uff0c\u7531\u4e8e\u4e3b\u4f53\u65e0\u610f\u8bc6\u8fc7\u53bb\u4e2d\u4ea7\u751f\u7684\u8d85\u7ecf\u9a8c\u7684\u5e7b\u60f3\u6027\u5c0f\u5bf9\u8c61a\u4e0e\u73b0\u5728\u53ca\u672a\u6765\u4f53\u73b0\u5b83\u7684\u7ecf\u9a8c\u5bf9\u8c61\u4e4b\u95f4\u5b58\u5728\u7740\u4e00\u4e2a\u4e0d\u53ef\u903e\u8d8a\u3001\u4e0d\u53ef\u6d88\u9664\u7684\u9e3f\u6c9f\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e9b\u66ff\u4ee3\u7269\u603b\u662f\u4e14\u5fc5\u7136\u662f\u4e0d\u5145\u5206\u548c\u4e0d\u6ee1\u610f\u7684\u3002\u8fd9\u4e9b\u540e\u6765\u7684\u5bf9\u8c61\u88ab\u7f6e\u4e8e\u60f3\u8c61\u754c-\u8c61\u5f81\u754c\u73b0\u5b9e (Imaginary-Symbolic reality) \u4e2d\uff0c\u6ce8\u5b9a\u53ea\u80fd\u90e8\u5206\u5730\u3001\u4e0d\u5b8c\u7f8e\u5730\u4f53\u73b0\u4e00\u4e2a\u65e0\u9650\u540e\u9000\u548c\u96be\u4ee5\u6349\u6478\u7684\u5269\u4f59\uff08\u5373\u5bf9\u8c61a\u7684\u4e0d\u53ef\u80fd\u7ef4\u5ea6-\u4f5c\u4e3a-\u5b9e\u5728\u754c[impossible-qua-Real]\u7684\u7ef4\u5ea6\uff09\u3002<\/p>\n

  \u6700\u540e\u518d\u6b21\u56de\u5230\u5e7b\u60f3\u7684\u6570\u7406\u516c\u5f0f (matheme) (\\$ \u25ca a)\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e2a\u83f1\u5f62\u5f62\u72b6\u7684"\u5370\u8bb0"(lozenge [poin\u00e7on]) \u25ca \u53ef\u4ee5\u88ab\u7406\u89e3\u4e3a\u56db\u4e2a\u7b26\u53f7\u7684\u6d53\u7f29\uff1a\u7b2c\u4e00\uff0c\u2227\uff08\u903b\u8f91\u5b66\u4e2d\u8868\u793a\u8fde\u63a5\u8bcd["\u548c"]\u7684\u7b26\u53f7\uff09\uff1b\u7b2c\u4e8c\uff0c\u2228\uff08\u903b\u8f91\u5b66\u4e2d\u8868\u793a\u5206\u79bb\u8bcd["\u6216"]\u7684\u7b26\u53f7\uff09\uff1b\u7b2c\u4e09\uff0c>\uff08\u6570\u5b66\u4e2d\u8868\u793a"\u5927\u4e8e"\u7684\u7b26\u53f7\uff09\uff1b\u7b2c\u56db\uff0c<\uff08\u6570\u5b66\u4e2d\u8868\u793a"\u5c0f\u4e8e"\u7684\u7b26\u53f7\uff09\u3002\u6839\u636e\u62c9\u5eb7\u7684\u6570\u7406\u516c\u5f0f\uff0c\u4e3b\u4f53\u7684\u6b32\u671b\u662f\u7531\u4e00\u4e2a\u65e0\u610f\u8bc6\u7684\u57fa\u672c\u5e7b\u60f3 (fundamental fantasy) \u6240\u7f16\u5199\u548c\u7f16\u6392\u7684\uff0c\u5728\u8fd9\u4e2a\u5e7b\u60f3\u4e2d\uff0c\u6b32\u671b\u4e3b\u4f53 (\\$) \u88ab\u5b9a\u4f4d\u5728\u4e0e\u5176\u76f8\u5e94\u7684\u6b32\u671b\u5bf9\u8c61-\u539f\u56e0 (object-cause of desire) (a) \u7684\u5173\u7cfb\u4e4b\u4e2d\u3002\u56e0\u6b64\uff0c\u2227\u3001\u2228\u3001>\u548c<\u4ee5\u4e00\u79cd\u523b\u610f\u5bbd\u677e\u548c\u5f00\u653e\u7684\u65b9\u5f0f\u8868\u5f81\u4e86\\$\u76f8\u5bf9\u4e8ea\u7684\u8fd9\u79cd\u5b9a\u4f4d\u7684\u53ef\u80fd\u53d8\u4f53\u3002\u72ec\u7279\u7684\u4e3b\u4f53\u4ee5\u5176\u81ea\u8eab\u7684\u65b9\u5f0f\u5177\u4f53\u5c55\u73b0\u4e86\u8fde\u63a5\u3001\u5206\u79bb\u3001"\u5927\u4e8e"\u548c"\u5c0f\u4e8e"\uff0c\u4e5f\u5c31\u662f\u8bf4\uff0c\u4f5c\u4e3a\u4ed6\u4eec\u72ec\u7279\u7684\u878d\u5408\u6216\u5171\u751f\uff08\u8fde\u63a5\uff09\u3001\u8511\u89c6\u6216\u62d2\u7edd\uff08\u5206\u79bb\uff09\u3001\u638c\u63a7\u6216\u652f\u914d\uff08"\u5927\u4e8e"\uff09\u3001\u5974\u5f79\u6216\u81e3\u670d\uff08"\u5c0f\u4e8e"\uff09\u7684\u5e7b\u60f3\uff0c\u4ee5\u53ca\u8fd9\u56db\u4e2a\u57fa\u672c\u5173\u7cfb\u8303\u7574 (rapport) \u7684\u4efb\u4f55\u5176\u4ed6\u53ef\u80fd\u7684\u7279\u6b8a\u5316\u5f62\u5f0f\u3002<\/p>\n

  \u5728\u62c9\u5eb7\u65e9\u671f\u5173\u4e8e\u955c\u50cf\u9636\u6bb5 (mirror stage) \u7684\u8bba\u8ff0\u4e2d\uff0ca\u4f5c\u4e3aautre\uff08\u4ed6\u8005\uff09\u7684\u7f29\u5199\u3002\u66f4\u51c6\u786e\u5730\u8bf4\uff0c\u5728\u8fd9\u4e2a\u8bed\u5883\u4e2d\uff0ca\u4e3b\u8981\u6307\u4ee3\u4f5c\u4e3a\u60f3\u8c61\u754c\u81ea\u6211 (Imaginary ego) \u7684\u5c0f\u4ed6\u8005 (little-o-other)\uff08\u89c1\u4e0a\u65872.2\u548c2.3\u8282\uff09\u3002\u81ea\u6211\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a"\u4ed6\u8005"\uff0c\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u88ab\u8bef\u8ba4\u4e3a"\u6211"\u7684\u975e\u6211\uff0c\u56e0\u4e3a\u5b83\u662f\u901a\u8fc7\uff08\u539f\u521d\uff09\u4e3b\u4f53\u5916\u90e8\u7684\u5ba2\u4f53\uff08\u5373\u8eab\u4f53\u610f\u8c61\u7684\u5b8c\u5f62\u610f\u8c61[imago-Gestalt]\uff09\u4e0e\u8c61\u5f81\u754c\u548c\u5b9e\u5728\u754c\u5927\u4ed6\u8005 (Symbolic and Real Others) \u901a\u8fc7\u8a00\u8bcd\u548c\u884c\u4e3a\u5bf9\u8fd9\u4e00\u5ba2\u4f53\u7684\u6295\u6ce8\u7684\u7ed3\u5408\u800c\u4ea7\u751f\u7684\u3002\u5728\u955c\u50cf\u9636\u6bb5\u7684\u6846\u67b6\u5185\uff0ca\uff08\u901a\u5e38\u8868\u793a\u4e3aa'\uff09\u4e5f\u6307\u4ee3\u81ea\u6211\u5206\u8eab (alter-egos) \u4f5c\u4e3a\u60f3\u8c61\u754c\u4f19\u4f34 (Imaginary partners)\uff0c\u81ea\u6211\u4e0e\u8fd9\u4e9b\u4f19\u4f34\u4e0d\u53ef\u5206\u5272\u5730\u4ea4\u7ec7\u5728\u4e00\u8d77\uff0c\u5e76\u4e14\u603b\u662f\u901a\u8fc7\u6307\u6d89\u8fd9\u4e9b\u4f19\u4f34\u6765\u5b9a\u4e49\u81ea\u8eab\u3002<\/p>\n

  \u6b64\u5916\uff0c\u5728\u955c\u50cf\u9636\u6bb5 (mirror stage) \u7684a\u4e0e\u5bf9\u8c61a (object a) \u4e4b\u95f4\u786e\u5b9e\u5b58\u5728\u4e00\u6761\u8fde\u7eed\u6027\u7684\u7ebf\u7d22\uff1a\u81ea\u6211\uff08\u4f5c\u4e3aa\uff09\u548c\u5e7b\u60f3\uff08\u53ca\u5176\u4e2d\u7684a\uff09\u90fd\u662f\u4e3b\u4f53\u5bf9"\u5927\u4ed6\u8005\u60f3\u8981\u4ec0\u4e48\uff1f"\u548c"\u6211\u5fc5\u987b\u5982\u4f55\u76f8\u5bf9\u4e8e\u5927\u4ed6\u8005\u7684\u6b32\u671b\u6765\u5b9a\u4f4d\u81ea\u5df1\uff1f"\u8fd9\u4e9b\u95ee\u9898\u7684\u65e0\u610f\u8bc6\u7684\u5bbf\u547d\u6027\u56de\u7b54\uff08\u89c1\u4e0a\u65872.3\u8282\uff09\u3002\u62c9\u5eb7\u7684a\uff0c\u5982\u540c\u4ed6\u7684\u5176\u4ed6\u6570\u7406\u516c\u5f0f (mathemes) \u4e00\u6837\uff0c\u88ab\u523b\u610f\u5904\u7406\u5f97\u7c7b\u4f3c\u4e8e\u4ee3\u6570\u53d8\u91cf\u3002\u5b83\u662f\u5404\u79cd\u7279\u5b9a\u7c7b\u578b\u51b3\u5b9a\u56e0\u7d20\u7684\u5360\u4f4d\u7b26\uff1a\u5927\u4ed6\u8005\u6b32\u671b\u4ec0\u4e48\uff0c\u6211\u5fc5\u987b\u6210\u4e3a\u4ec0\u4e48\u624d\u80fd\u6210\u4e3a\u5927\u4ed6\u8005\u6b32\u671b\u7684\u5bf9\u8c61\uff0c\u4ec0\u4e48\u80fd\u6700\u7ec8\u5e73\u606f\u6211\u4e0d\u5b89\u7684\u594b\u6597\u548c\u6e34\u671b\uff0c\u4ec0\u4e48\u80fd\u4e3a\u6211\u6240\u4f9d\u9644\u7684\u91cd\u8981\u5927\u4ed6\u8005\u505a\u5230\u8fd9\u4e00\u70b9\uff0c\u7b49\u7b49\u3002\u4f46\u5728\u6240\u6709\u60c5\u51b5\u4e0b\uff0ca\u90fd\u53cd\u6620\u4e86\u62c9\u5eb7\u7684\u9ed1\u683c\u5c14-\u79d1\u8036\u592b\u5f0f (Hegelian-Koj\u00e8vian) \u53e3\u53f7\uff1a"\u4eba\u7684\u6b32\u671b\u5c31\u662f\u5927\u4ed6\u8005\u7684\u6b32\u671b"\u3002<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

\u672c\u6587\u8bd1\u81ea\uff1aStanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy   \u96c5\u514b\u00b7\u739b\u4e3d\u00b7\u57c3\u7c73\u5c14\u00b7\u62c9\u5eb7 …<\/p>","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[49],"tags":[333,230],"amp_enabled":true,"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/swordofmorning.com\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1544"}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/swordofmorning.com\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/swordofmorning.com\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/swordofmorning.com\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/swordofmorning.com\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=1544"}],"version-history":[{"count":3,"href":"https:\/\/swordofmorning.com\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1544\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":1547,"href":"https:\/\/swordofmorning.com\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1544\/revisions\/1547"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/swordofmorning.com\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=1544"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/swordofmorning.com\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=1544"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/swordofmorning.com\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=1544"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}