{"id":1175,"date":"2024-05-02T21:46:49","date_gmt":"2024-05-02T13:46:49","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/swordofmorning.com\/?p=1175"},"modified":"2025-10-09T13:55:02","modified_gmt":"2025-10-09T05:55:02","slug":"pei-02","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/swordofmorning.com\/index.php\/2024\/05\/02\/pei-02\/","title":{"rendered":"\u5b8f\u89c2\u7ecf\u6d4e\u5b66\u7684\u6570\u636e"},"content":{"rendered":"

Political Economy Introduction 02\u300aMarcoeconomics\u300bChapter 1<\/strong><\/center><\/p>\n

  \u5728\u672c\u7bc7\u4e2d\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u5c06\u9884\u5148\u5730\u4e3a\u540e\u9762\u7684\u5185\u5bb9\u94fa\u57ab\u4e00\u4e9b\u57fa\u672c\u7684\u7ecf\u6d4e\u5b66\u672f\u8bed\u548c\u77e5\u8bc6\u3002<\/p>\n

<\/div><\/p>\n

\u4e00\u3001\u56fd\u5185\u751f\u4ea7\u603b\u503c<\/h2>\n

2.1 \u540d\u4e49GDP\u4e0e\u5b9e\u9645GDP<\/h3>\n

  \u8003\u8651\u4e0b\u9762\u4e00\u79cd\u60c5\u51b5\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u5728\u4e00\u4e2a\u5e02\u573a\u4e0a\u4ea4\u6613\u4e24\u79cd\u6c34\u679c\u2014\u2014\u6a58\u5b50\u548c\u82f9\u679c\u2014\u2014\u90a3\u4e48\u6211\u4eec\u53ef\u4ee5\u8ba4\u4e3a\uff1a<\/p>\n

$$
\n\\begin{eqnarray}
\nGDP &= \\text{\u82f9\u679c\u7684\u4ef7\u683c} \\times \\text{\u82f9\u679c\u7684\u6570\u91cf} \\notag \\newline
\n&+\\text{\u6a58\u5b50\u7684\u4ef7\u683c} \\times \\text{\u6a58\u5b50\u7684\u6570\u91cf} \\tag{1-1}
\n\\end{eqnarray}
\n$$<\/p>\n

  \u7ecf\u6d4e\u5b66\u5bb6\u628a\u7528\u73b0\u671f\u4ef7\u683c\u8861\u91cf\u7684\u4ea7\u54c1\u4e0e\u670d\u52a1\u7684\u4ef7\u503c\u53eb\u505a\u540d\u4e49GDP(nominal GDP)<\/strong>\uff0c\u540d\u4e49GDP\u7684\u4e0a\u5347\u53ef\u80fd\u662f\u4ef7\u683c\u7684\u4e0a\u5347\uff0c\u4e5f\u53ef\u80fd\u662f\u6570\u91cf\u7684\u589e\u52a0\u3002\u8fd9\u79cd\u8ba1\u7b97\u65b9\u6cd5\u5e76\u4e0d\u662f\u4e00\u79cd\u8861\u91cf\u7ecf\u6d4e\u798f\u5229\u7684\u597d\u6307\u6807\u3002\u6362\u8a00\u4e4b\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e2a\u6307\u6807\u5e76\u6ca1\u6709\u786e\u5207\u53cd\u6620\u51fa\u7ecf\u6d4e\u53ef\u4ee5\u5728\u591a\u5927\u7a0b\u5ea6\u4e0a\u6ee1\u8db3\u5bb6\u5ead\u3001\u4f01\u4e1a\u548c\u653f\u5e9c\u7684\u9700\u6c42\u3002\u5982\u679c\u6ca1\u6709\u4efb\u4f55\u53d8\u5316\u7684\u60c5\u51b5\u4e0b\uff0c\u6240\u6709\u5546\u54c1\u548c\u670d\u52a1\u7684\u4ef7\u683c\u7ffb\u500d\u4e86\uff0c\u90a3\u4e48\u540d\u4e49GDP\u4e5f\u5c06\u7ffb\u500d\u3002\u4f46\u662f\u6211\u4eec\u5e76\u4e0d\u80fd\u8ba4\u4e3a\u7ecf\u6d4e\u6ee1\u8db3\u9700\u6c42\u7684\u80fd\u529b\u4e5f\u7ffb\u500d\u4e86\uff0c\u56e0\u4e3a\u6bcf\u4e00\u79cd\u4ea7\u54c1\u6216\u670d\u52a1\u7684\u6570\u91cf\u662f\u4e0d\u53d8\u7684\u3002<\/p>\n

  \u4e3a\u4e86\u5254\u9664\u8fd9\u79cd\u4ef7\u683c\u56e0\u7d20\u7684\u5f71\u54cd\uff0c\u7ecf\u6d4e\u5b66\u5bb6\u4f7f\u7528\u5b9e\u9645GDP(real GDP)<\/strong>\u6765\u4f5c\u4e3a\u65b0\u7684\u6307\u6807\u3002\u5047\u8bbe\u6211\u4eec\u60f3\u8981\u6bd4\u8f83\u751f\u6210\u82f9\u679c\u548c\u6a58\u5b50\u7684\u7ecf\u6d4e\u4e2d\uff0c2020\u5e74\u7684\u4ea7\u51fa\u548c\u968f\u540e\u7684\u5e74\u4efd\u7684\u53d8\u5316\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u53ef\u4ee5\u9009\u62e9\u4e00\u7ec4\u4ef7\u683c\u4e0d\u53d8\uff0c\u53ea\u89c2\u5bdf\u6570\u91cf\u5e26\u6765\u7684\u5f71\u54cd\uff0c\u5373\u5b9a\u4e00\u8bae\u4e8c\u3002\u5982\u679c\u6211\u4eec\u4ee52020\u5e74\u7684\u4ef7\u683c\u4f5c\u4e3a\u53c2\u8003\uff0c\u90a3\u4e482020\u5e74\u7684\u5b9e\u9645GDP\u662f\uff1a<\/p>\n

$$
\n\\begin{eqnarray}
\n\u5b9e\u9645GDP &= \\text{2020\u5e74\u82f9\u679c\u7684\u4ef7\u683c} \\times \\text{2020\u5e74\u82f9\u679c\u7684\u6570\u91cf} \\notag \\newline
\n&+\\text{2020\u5e74\u6a58\u5b50\u7684\u4ef7\u683c} \\times \\text{2020\u5e74\u6a58\u5b50\u7684\u6570\u91cf} \\tag{1-2}
\n\\end{eqnarray}
\n$$<\/p>\n

\u540c\u6837\u7684\uff0c2021\u5e74\u7684\u5b9e\u9645GDP\u662f\uff1a<\/p>\n

$$
\n\\begin{eqnarray}
\n\u5b9e\u9645GDP &= \\text{2020\u5e74\u82f9\u679c\u7684\u4ef7\u683c} \\times \\text{2021\u5e74\u82f9\u679c\u7684\u6570\u91cf} \\notag \\newline
\n&+\\text{2020\u5e74\u6a58\u5b50\u7684\u4ef7\u683c} \\times \\text{2021\u5e74\u6a58\u5b50\u7684\u6570\u91cf} \\tag{1-3}
\n\\end{eqnarray}
\n$$<\/p>\n

2022\u5e74\u7684\u5b9e\u9645GDP\u662f
\n$$
\n\\begin{eqnarray}
\n\u5b9e\u9645GDP &= \\text{2020\u5e74\u82f9\u679c\u7684\u4ef7\u683c} \\times \\text{2022\u5e74\u82f9\u679c\u7684\u6570\u91cf} \\notag \\newline
\n&+\\text{2020\u5e74\u6a58\u5b50\u7684\u4ef7\u683c} \\times \\text{2022\u5e74\u6a58\u5b50\u7684\u6570\u91cf} \\tag{1-4}
\n\\end{eqnarray}
\n$$<\/p>\n

\u6ce8\u610f\uff0c\u8fd9\u91cc2020\u5e74\u7684\u4ef7\u683c\u88ab\u7528\u6765\u8ba1\u7b97\u8fd9\u4e09\u5e74\u7684\u5b9e\u9645GDP\u3002\u7531\u4e8e\u4ef7\u683c\u662f\u4e0d\u53d8\u7684\uff0c\u4e0d\u540c\u5e74\u4efd\u7684\u5b9e\u9645GDP\u4e00\u5b9a\u53cd\u6620\u4e86\u5546\u54c1\u548c\u670d\u52a1\u6570\u91cf\u7684\u6ce2\u52a8\u3002\u7531\u4e8e\u4e00\u4e2a\u793e\u4f1a\u5411\u5176\u6210\u5458\u63d0\u4f9b\u7ecf\u6d4e\u4e0a\u6ee1\u8db3\u7684\u80fd\u529b\u6700\u7ec8\u53d6\u51b3\u4e8e\u751f\u4ea7\u7684\u5546\u54c1\u548c\u670d\u52a1\u7684\u6570\u91cf\uff0c\u5b9e\u9645GDP\u6bd4\u540d\u4e49GDP\u63d0\u4f9b\u4e86\u4e00\u4e2a\u66f4\u597d\u7684\u7ecf\u6d4e\u798f\u5229\u8861\u91cf\u6307\u6807\u3002<\/p>\n

1.2 GDP\u5e73\u51cf\u6307\u6570<\/h3>\n

  \u5229\u7528\u540d\u4e49GDP\u548c\u5b9e\u9645GDP\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u53ef\u4ee5\u8ba1\u7b97GDP\u5e73\u51cf\u6307\u6570(GDP deflator)<\/strong>\uff0c\u53c8\u79f0GDP\u7684\u9690\u5f62\u4ef7\u683c\u5e73\u51cf\u6307\u6570\uff1a<\/p>\n

$$
\n\\text{GDP\u5e73\u51cf\u6307\u6570}=\\frac{{\\text{\u540d\u4e49GDP}}}{{\\text{\u5b9e\u9645GDP}}} \\tag{1-5}
\n$$<\/p>\n

\u5176\u53cd\u5e94\u4e86\u7ecf\u6d4e\u4f53\u4e2d\u603b\u4f53\u4ef7\u683c\u6c34\u5e73\u6240\u53d1\u751f\u7684\u53d8\u52a8\u3002<\/p>\n

  \u4e3a\u4e86\u66f4\u597d\u7684\u7406\u89e3\u8fd9\u4e00\u6982\u5ff5\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u601d\u8003\u4e0b\u9762\u8fd9\u79cd\u60c5\u51b5\uff0c\u5047\u8bbe\u5728\u4e00\u4e2a\u53ea\u6709\u9762\u5305\u7684\u7ecf\u6d4e\u4f53\u4e2d\u3002\u6211\u4eec\u53e6\u4eca\u5e74\u7684\u9762\u5305\u4ef7\u683c\u4e3a$P$\uff0c\u4eca\u5e74\u7684\u9762\u5305\u6570\u91cf\u662f$Q$\uff0c\u90a3\u4e48\u4eca\u5e74\u7684\u540d\u4e49GDP\u4e3a$P \\times Q$\uff1b\u540c\u6837\u7684\uff0c\u5982\u679c\u6211\u4eec\u4ee5\u4e4b\u524d\u67d0\u4e00\u5e74\u7684\u4ef7\u683c${P}_{base}$\u4f5c\u4e3a\u57fa\u70b9\uff0c\u4eca\u5e74\u7684\u5b9e\u9645GDP\u5219\u662f${P}_{base} \\times Q$\uff0c\u4e8e\u662f\u6709\uff1a<\/p>\n

$$
\n\\begin{eqnarray}
\nGDP deflator = \\frac{P \\times Q}{{P}_{base} \\times Q} = \\frac{P}{{P}_{base}} \\tag{1-6}
\n\\end{eqnarray}
\n$$<\/p>\n

  GDP\u5e73\u51cf\u6307\u6570\u8ba9\u6211\u4eec\u53ef\u4ee5\u4ece\u4e24\u4e2a\u89d2\u5ea6\u6765\u770b\u5f85\u540d\u4e49GDP\uff1a\u4e00\u65b9\u9762\u8861\u91cf\u4ea7\u91cf\u7684(\u5b9e\u9645GDP)\uff1b\u53e6\u4e00\u90e8\u5206\u8861\u91cf\u4ef7\u683c(GDP\u5e73\u51cf\u6307\u6570)\u3002<\/p>\n

  \u5728\u7ecf\u6d4e\u5b66\u4e2d\uff0c\u6709\u4e24\u4e2a\u5e38\u7528\u7684\u7b97\u6570\u4e8b\u5b9e\uff0c\u5176\u4e00\u662f\uff1a\u4e24\u4e2a\u53d8\u91cf\u7684\u4e58\u79ef\u7684\u53d8\u5316\uff0c\u8fd1\u4f3c\u7b49\u4e8e\u6bcf\u4e00\u4e2a\u53d8\u91cf\u53d8\u5316\u7684\u4e58\u79ef\u3002\u4f8b\u5982\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u7528$P$\u8868\u793aGDP\u5e73\u51cf\u6307\u6570\uff0c$Y$\u8868\u793a\u5b9e\u9645GDP\uff0c\u90a3\u4e48$\u540d\u4e49GDP = P \\times Y$\uff0c\u4e8e\u662f\u6709\uff1a<\/p>\n

$$
\n\\begin{eqnarray}
\nd(PY) &=& YdP+dyP \\notag \\newline
\n\\frac{{d \\left( PY \\right) }}{{PY}} &=& \\frac{{dP}}{{P}}+\\frac{{dY}}{{Y}} \\tag{1-7}
\n\\end{eqnarray}
\n$$<\/p>\n

\u5373\uff1a\u540d\u4e49GDP\u7684\u589e\u957f\uff0c\u7ea6\u7b49\u4e8eGDP\u5e73\u51cf\u6307\u6570\u7684\u589e\u957f\uff0c\u4e0e\u5b9e\u9645GDP\u589e\u957f\u4e4b\u548c\u3002\u7b2c\u4e8c\u4e2a\u7b97\u6570\u4e8b\u5b9e\u7531\u7b2c\u4e00\u4e2a\u63a8\u51fa\uff1a$d(numerator\/denominator) \\approx d(numerator) - d(denominator)$\u3002<\/p>\n

\u4e8c\u3001\u652f\u51fa\u7684\u7ec4\u6210\u90e8\u5206<\/h2>\n

  \u7ecf\u6d4e\u5b66\u5bb6\u628aGDP\u5206\u4e3a\u56db\u5927\u7c7b\u652f\u51fa\uff1a<\/p>\n

    \n
  1. \u6d88\u8d39(C)\uff1b<\/li>\n
  2. \u6295\u8d44(I)\uff1b<\/li>\n
  3. \u653f\u5e9c\u8d2d\u4e70(G)\uff1b<\/li>\n
  4. \u51c0\u51fa\u53e3(NX)\u3002<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n

    \u6211\u4eec\u7528$Y$\u4ee3\u8868GDP\uff0c\u4e8e\u662f\u6709$Y = C + I + G + NX$\u3002<\/p>\n

      \u6d88\u8d39(consumption)<\/strong>\u7531\u5bb6\u5ead\u5728\u4ea7\u54c1\u548c\u670d\u52a1\u4e0a\u7684\u652f\u51fa\u6784\u6210\u3002\u4ea7\u54c1\u662f\u6709\u5f62\u7684\u4e1c\u897f\uff0c\u5b83\u4eec\u53c8\u5206\u4e3a\u8010\u7528\u54c1\u548c\u975e\u8010\u7528\u54c1\u3002\u6bd4\u5982\uff0c\u6c7d\u8f66\u3001\u7535\u89c6\u8fd9\u79cd\u957f\u65f6\u95f4\u4f7f\u7528\u7684\u4ea7\u54c1\u662f\u8010\u7528\u54c1\uff1b\u800c\u98df\u7269\u3001\u8863\u670d\u5219\u5c5e\u4e8e\u975e\u8010\u7528\u54c1\u3002\u670d\u52a1\u6d88\u8d39\u5305\u62ec\u4e86\u5404\u79cd\u65e0\u5f62\u7684\u4e1c\u897f\uff0c\u6bd4\u5982\u7406\u53d1\u3001\u5c31\u533b\u3001\u5b66\u8d39\u7b49\u3002<\/p>\n

      \u6295\u8d44(investment)<\/strong>\u7531\u672a\u6765\u4f7f\u7528\u800c\u8d2d\u4e70\u7684\u4ea7\u54c1\u6784\u6210\u3002\u6295\u8d44\u5206\u4e3a\u4e09\u4e2a\u5b50\u7c7b\u522b\uff1a\u4f01\u4e1a\u56fa\u5b9a\u6295\u8d44\uff0c\u4f4f\u623f\u56fa\u5b9a\u6295\u8d44\u548c\u5b58\u8d27\u6295\u8d44\u3002\u4f01\u4e1a\u56fa\u5b9a\u6295\u8d44\uff0c\u4e5f\u79f0\u4e3a\u975e\u4f4f\u623f\u56fa\u5b9a\u6295\u8d44\uff0c\u662f\u4f01\u4e1a\u5bf9\u65b0\u5efa\u7b51\u7269\u3001\u8bbe\u5907\u548c\u77e5\u8bc6\u4ea7\u6743\u7684\u8d2d\u4e70\uff1b\u4f4f\u623f\u6295\u8d44\u662f\u5bb6\u5ead\u548c\u623f\u4e1c\u5bf9\u65b0\u4f4f\u623f\u7684\u8d2d\u4e70\uff1b\u5b58\u8d27\u6295\u8d44\u662f\u4f01\u4e1a\u5b58\u8d27\u7684\u589e\u52a0(\u5982\u679c\u5b58\u8d27\u51cf\u5c11\uff0c\u5219\u5b58\u8d27\u6295\u8d44\u4e3a\u8d1f)\u3002<\/p>\n

      \u653f\u5e9c\u8d2d\u4e70(government purchase)<\/strong>\u662f\u653f\u5e9c\u8d2d\u4e70\u7684\u4ea7\u54c1\u548c\u670d\u52a1\uff0c\u4f46\u5e76\u4e0d\u5305\u62ec\u793e\u4f1a\u4fdd\u969c\u3001\u798f\u5229\u7b49\u8f6c\u79fb\u652f\u4ed8\u3002\u7531\u4e8e\u8f6c\u79fb\u652f\u4ed8\u662f\u6536\u5165\u7684\u518d\u5206\u914d\uff0c\u5e76\u4e0d\u7528\u4e8e\u4ea4\u6362\u4ea7\u54c1\u548c\u670d\u52a1\uff0c\u6240\u4ee5\u4e0d\u662fGDP\u7684\u4e00\u90e8\u5206\u3002<\/p>\n

      \u51c0\u51fa\u53e3(net exports)<\/strong>\u662f\u4e0e\u5176\u4ed6\u56fd\u5bb6\u7684\u8d38\u6613\u3002<\/p>\n

    \n

    \u8fd9\u91cc\u9700\u8981\u7279\u522b\u6ce8\u610f\u7684\u662f\uff0c\u201c\u6295\u8d44\u201d\u8fd9\u4e2a\u672f\u8bed\u6307\u7684\u662f\u521b\u9020\u4e86\u88ab\u79f0\u4e3a\u8d44\u672c\u7684\u65b0<\/strong>\u5b9e\u7269\u8d44\u4ea7\u3002\u6211\u4eec\u901a\u8fc7\u4e00\u4e2a\u4f8b\u5b50\u6765\u533a\u5206\uff0c\u5f20\u4e09\u8d2d\u4e70\u4e86\u4e00\u5957100\u4e07\u7684\u623f\u5b50\uff0c\u674e\u56db\u82b1\u8d3950\u4e07\u65b0\u5efa\u4e86\u4e00\u5957\u4f4f\u5b85\u3002\u8fd9\u91cc\u53ea\u6709\u674e\u56db\u7b97\u6295\u8d44\uff0c\u56e0\u4e3a\u4ed6\u521b\u9020\u4e86\u65b0\u7684<\/strong>\u5b9e\u7269\u8d44\u4ea7\uff0c\u800c\u5f20\u4e09\u53ea\u662f\u5c06\u4ed6\u4eba\u7684\u5b9e\u7269\u8d44\u4ea7\u8f6c\u79fb\u5230\u4e86\u81ea\u5df1\u7684\u540d\u4e0b\u3002\u540c\u6837\u7684\uff0c\u5f20\u4e09\u5411\u674e\u56db\u8d2d\u4e70\u4e86100\u4e07\u7684\u80a1\u7968\uff0c\u738b\u4e94\u516c\u53f8\u5411\u516c\u4f17\u51fa\u624b\u4e86\u4ef7\u503c200\u4e07\u7684\u80a1\u7968\uff0c\u5e76\u5f00\u8bbe\u4e86\u4e00\u4e2a\u65b0\u5de5\u5382\u3002\u8fd9\u91cc\u7684\u6295\u8d44\u603b\u989d\u662f200\u4e07\uff0c\u548c\u524d\u9762\u7684\u4f8b\u5b50\u76f8\u540c\uff0c\u5f20\u4e09\u53ea\u662f\u8f6c\u79fb\u4e86\u80a1\u7968\u7684\u6240\u6709\u6743\uff0c\u800c\u738b\u4e94\u516c\u53f8\u7684\u65b0\u5de5\u5382<\/strong>\u624d\u7b97\u4f5c\u6295\u8d44\u3002<\/p>\n<\/blockquote>\n

    \u4e09\u3001\u6d88\u8d39\u8005\u4ef7\u683c\u6307\u6570<\/h2>\n

    3.1 \u4e00\u7bee\u5b50\u4ea7\u54c1\u7684\u4ef7\u683c<\/h3>\n

      \u4eca\u5929\u76841\u5143\u94b1\u548c20\u5e74\u524d\u76841\u5143\u94b1\u6240\u80fd\u8d2d\u4e70\u5230\u7684\u4e1c\u897f\u662f\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u3002\u51e0\u4e4e\u6bcf\u4e00\u79cd\u4e1c\u897f\u7684\u4ef7\u683c\u90fd\u4e0a\u6da8\u4e86\uff0c\u8fd9\u91cc\u6211\u4eec\u5148\u4e0d\u53bb\u5173\u6ce8\u901a\u80c0(inflation)<\/strong>\uff0c\u800c\u662f\u5148\u5173\u6ce8\u5982\u4f55\u8861\u91cf\u751f\u6d3b\u6210\u672c\u7684\u53d8\u52a8\u3002<\/p>\n

      \u6700\u5e38\u4f7f\u7528\u7684\u6307\u6807\u662f\u6d88\u8d39\u8005\u4ef7\u683c\u6307\u6570(consumer price index, CPI)<\/strong>\uff0c\u4f46\u5982\u4f55\u5c06\u7ecf\u6d4e\u5b66\u4e2d\u8bb8\u591a\u5546\u54c1\u7684\u4ef7\u683c\u7edf\u4e00\u6210\u4e00\u4e2a\u6307\u6807\u6210\u4e86\u4e00\u4e2a\u590d\u6742\u7684\u95ee\u9898\u3002\u5176\u4e2d\u4e00\u70b9\u662f\uff0c\u50cf\u662f\u732a\u8089\u8fd9\u79cd\u6d88\u8d39\u54c1\u7684\u8d2d\u4e70\u6570\u91cf\u662f\u8fdc\u8fdc\u5927\u4e8e\u72d7\u8089\u7684\uff0c\u90a3\u4e48CPI\u4e2d\u5bf9\u5e94\u7684\u6743\u91cd\u524d\u8005\u4e5f\u4f1a\u66f4\u9ad8\uff0cCPI\u5c31\u662f\u8fd9\u4e00\u7bee\u5b50\u4ea7\u54c1\u4e0e\u670d\u52a1\u5728\u67d0\u5e74\u7684\u4ef7\u683c\u4e0e\u57fa\u5e74\u4ef7\u683c\u7684\u6bd4\u503c\u3002\u4f8b\u5982\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e2a\u5178\u578b\u6d88\u8d39\u8005\u6bcf\u6708\u8d2d\u4e705\u4e2a\u82f9\u679c\u548c2\u4e2a\u6a58\u5b50\uff0c\u90a3\u4e48\u8fd9\u4e00\u7bee\u5b50\u4ea7\u54c1\u5305\u62ec5\u4e2a\u82f9\u679c\u548c2\u4e2a\u6a58\u5b50\uff0c\u5176CPI\u662f\uff1a<\/p>\n

    $$
    \n{CPI=\\frac{{5 \\times \\text{\u82f9\u679c\u7684\u73b0\u671f\u4ef7\u683c} + 2 \\times \\text{\u6a58\u5b50\u7684\u73b0\u671f\u4ef7\u683c}}}{{5 \\times \\text{\u82f9\u679c\u7684\u57fa\u5e74\u4ef7\u683c} + 2 \\times \\text{\u6a58\u5b50\u7684\u57fa\u5e74\u4ef7\u683c}}}} \\tag{3-1}
    \n$$<\/p>\n

      CPI\u662f\u6700\u53d7\u5173\u6ce8\u7684\u4ef7\u683c\u6307\u6570\uff0c\u4f46\u5b83\u5e76\u4e0d\u662f\u552f\u4e00\u7684\u6307\u6807\u3002\u53e6\u4e00\u4e2a\u4ef7\u683c\u6307\u6570\u662f\u751f\u4ea7\u8005\u4ef7\u683c\u6307\u6570(producer price index)<\/strong>\uff0c\u5b83\u4ece\u5356\u65b9\u7684\u89d2\u5ea6\u8ba1\u7b97\u901a\u80c0\uff0c\u8861\u91cf\u4f01\u4e1a\u5356\u7ed9\u6d88\u8d39\u8005\u548c\u5176\u4ed6\u4f01\u4e1a\u7684\u5178\u578b\u4e00\u7bee\u5b50\u4ea7\u54c1\u4ef7\u683c\u3002\u9664\u4e86\u8fd9\u4e9b\u4ef7\u683c\u603b\u4f53\u6c34\u5e73\u6307\u6570\u5916\uff0c\u52b3\u5de5\u7edf\u8ba1\u5c40\u8fd8\u8ba1\u7b97\u98df\u7269\u3001\u4f4f\u623f\u548c\u80fd\u6e90\u7b49\u7279\u5b9a\u4ea7\u54c1\u7684\u4ef7\u683c\u6307\u6570\u3002\u8fd8\u6709\u88ab\u79f0\u4e3a\u6838\u5fc3\u901a\u80c0(core inflation)<\/strong>\u7684\u6570\u636e\uff0c\u5b83\u63d0\u51fa\u4e86\u98df\u7269\u548c\u80fd\u6e90\u7b49\u6613\u53d7\u6ce2\u52a8\u7684\u4ea7\u54c1\uff0c\u4ee5\u8ffd\u6c42\u66f4\u597d\u5730\u63cf\u8ff0\u901a\u80c0\u6c34\u5e73\u3002<\/p>\n

    3.2 CPI\u3001GDP\u5e73\u51cf\u6307\u6570\u4ee5\u53caPCE\u5e73\u51cf\u6307\u6570<\/h3>\n

      \u5728\u7b2c1.2\u8282\u4e2d\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u8ba8\u8bba\u4e86\u53e6\u4e00\u4e2a\u4ef7\u683c\u6307\u6570\u2014\u2014GDP deflator\u2014\u2014\u540d\u4e49GDP\u548c\u5b9e\u9645GDP\u7684\u6bd4\u503c\uff0c\u73b0\u5728\u6211\u4eec\u9700\u8981\u8ba8\u8bba\u4e00\u4e0bGDP deflator\u548cCPI\u7684\u4e3b\u8981\u533a\u522b\u3002<\/p>\n

      \n
    1. GDP deflator\u7528\u6765\u8861\u91cf\u6240\u6709\u751f\u4ea7\u51fa\u6765\u7684\u4ea7\u54c1\u548c\u670d\u52a1\u7684\u4ef7\u683c\uff0c\u800cCPI\u7528\u6765\u8861\u91cf\u6d88\u8d39\u8005\u8d2d\u4e70\u7684\u4ea7\u54c1\u548c\u670d\u52a1\u7684\u4ef7\u683c\u3002\u56e0\u6b64\uff0c\u4f01\u4e1a\u6216\u653f\u5e9c\u8d2d\u4e70\u5bfc\u81f4\u7684\u4ef7\u683c\u4e0a\u5347\u5e76\u4e0d\u4f1a\u53cd\u5e94\u5728CPI\u4e2d\uff0c\u800c\u662f\u4f1a\u53cd\u5e94\u5728GDP deflator\u4e0a\u3002<\/li>\n
    2. GDP deflator\u53ea\u5305\u542b\u4e86\u56fd\u5185\u751f\u4ea7\u7684\u4ea7\u54c1\uff0c\u8fdb\u53e3\u4ea7\u54c1\u5e76\u4e0d\u662fGDP\u7684\u4e00\u90e8\u5206\uff0c\u56e0\u6b64\u4e5f\u4e0d\u53cd\u5e94\u5728GDP deflator\u4e0a\u3002\u56e0\u6b64\uff0c\u8fdb\u53e3\u6c7d\u8f66\u7684\u4ef7\u683c\u4e0a\u6da8\u5e76\u4e0d\u4f1a\u5f71\u54cdGDP deflator\uff0c\u4f46\u662f\u7531\u4e8e\u8fdb\u53e3\u6c7d\u8f66\u5c5e\u4e8e\u4e00\u7bee\u5b50\u4ea7\u54c1\uff0c\u56e0\u6b64\u4f1a\u5f71\u54cd\u5230CPI\u7684\u8ba1\u7b97\u3002<\/li>\n
    3. CPI\u7ed9\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u4ea7\u54c1\u5206\u914d\u56fa\u5b9a\u7684\u6743\u91cd\uff0c\u800cGDP deflator\u5206\u914d\u53d8\u52a8\u7684\u6743\u91cd\u3002\u4e3e\u4e2a\u4f8b\u5b50\uff1a\u5982\u679c\u4eca\u5e74\u53d1\u751f\u4e86\u707e\u5bb3\u5bfc\u81f4\u6a58\u5b50\u4ea7\u91cf\u5f52\u96f6<\/strong>\uff0c\u8d27\u67b6\u4e0a\u5269\u4e0b<\/strong>\u7684\u6a58\u5b50\u4ef7\u683c\u5c31\u4f1a\u6da8\u5230\u5929\u4ef7\u3002\u7531\u4e8e\u6ca1\u6709\u65b0\u7684<\/strong>\u6a58\u5b50\u4ea7\u51fa\uff0c\u56e0\u6b64\u4e0d\u4f1a\u88ab\u8ba1\u7b97\u5230GDP<\/strong>\u4e2d\uff0c\u4e5f\u4e0d\u4f1a\u5f71\u54cdGDP deflator\uff1b\u4f46\u662f\u6d88\u8d39\u8005\u8fd8\u80fd\u8d2d\u4e70\u5230\u8d27\u67b6\u4e0a\u7684<\/strong>\u6a58\u5b50\uff0c\u800c\u5176\u4ef7\u683c\u53d8\u5316\u4e5f\u4f1a\u5f71\u54cd\u5230CPI\u7684\u8ba1\u7b97\u3002<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n

        \u7ecf\u6d4e\u5b66\u5bb6\u628a\u7528\u4e00\u7bee\u5b50\u56fa\u5b9a\u4ea7\u54c1\u8ba1\u7b97\u4ef7\u683c\u6307\u6570\u79f0\u4e3a\u62c9\u6c0f\u6307\u6570(Laspeyres index)<\/strong>\uff0c\u800c\u4f7f\u7528\u4e00\u7bee\u5b50\u53ef\u53d8\u4ea7\u54c1\u8ba1\u7b97\u7684\u4ef7\u683c\u6307\u6570\u79f0\u4e4b\u4e3a\u5e15\u6c0f\u6307\u6570(Paasche index)<\/strong>\u3002\u4e24\u8005\u5e76\u6ca1\u6709\u660e\u663e\u7684\u4f18\u52a3\u4e4b\u5206\uff0c\u5f53\u4e0d\u540c\u4ea7\u54c1\u7684\u4ef7\u683c\u53d8\u52a8\u91cf\u4e0d\u4e00\u6837\u65f6\uff0c\u62c9\u5f0f\u6307\u6570\u5bb9\u6613\u5938\u5927\u751f\u6d3b\u6210\u672c\u7684\u4e0a\u5347\uff0c\u56e0\u4e3a\u5176\u6ca1\u6709\u8003\u8651\u5230\u2014\u2014\u6d88\u8d39\u8005\u53ef\u4ee5\u7528\u4ef7\u683c\u76f8\u5bf9\u66f4\u4f4e\u7684\u4ea7\u54c1\u6765\u4ee3\u66ff\u4ef7\u683c\u4e0a\u6da8\u7684\u4ea7\u54c1\uff1b\u800c\u5e15\u6c0f\u6307\u6570\u5219\u76f8\u53cd\u5730\u4f4e\u4f30\u4e86\u8fd9\u4e00\u60c5\u51b5\u3002<\/p>\n

        \u9664\u4e86CPI\u548cGDP deflator\u4e4b\u5916\uff0c\u8fd8\u6709\u4e00\u4e2a\u503c\u5f97\u6ce8\u610f\u7684\u901a\u80c0\u8861\u91cf\u6307\u6807\u2014\u2014\u4e2a\u4eba\u6d88\u8d39\u652f\u51fa(personal consumption expenditure, PCE)<\/strong>\u7684\u9690\u5f62\u4ef7\u683c\u5e73\u51cf\u6307\u6570\uff0c\u7b80\u79f0PCE\u5e73\u51cf\u6307\u6570(PCE deflator)<\/strong>\u3002\u5176\u8ba1\u7b97\u65b9\u5f0f\u4e0eGDP deflator\u76f8\u4f3c\uff0c\u4f46\u4e0d\u662f\u53cd\u5e94\u6240\u6709\u7684GDP\uff0c\u800c\u662f\u57fa\u4e8eGDP\u4e2d\u6d88\u8d39\u8fd9\u4e00\u7ec4\u6210\u90e8\u5206\u3002\u4e5f\u5c31\u662f\u8bf4\uff0cPCE deflator\u53cd\u5e94\u7684\u662f\u540d\u4e49\u6d88\u8d39\u8005\u652f\u51fa\u4e0e\u5b9e\u9645\u6d88\u8d39\u8005\u652f\u51fa\u7684\u6bd4\u503c\u3002<\/p>\n

        PCE deflator\u5728\u67d0\u4e9b\u65b9\u9762\u4e0eCPI\u7c7b\u4f3c\uff0c\u53ea\u5305\u542b\u4e86\u6d88\u8d39\u8005\u8d2d\u4e70\u7684\u4ea7\u54c1\u548c\u670d\u52a1\u7684\u4ef7\u683c\uff0c\u4e5f\u5305\u542b\u4e86\u8fdb\u53e3\u4ea7\u54c1\u7684\u4ef7\u683c\uff1b\u5728\u67d0\u4e9b\u65b9\u9762\u53c8\u548cGDP deflator\u7c7b\u4f3c\uff0c\u5141\u8bb8\u7bee\u5b50\u4ea7\u54c1\u52a8\u6001\u5730\u8fdb\u884c\u6743\u91cd\u5206\u914d\uff0c\u5373\u5141\u8bb8\u7bee\u5b50\u4ea7\u54c1\u8ddf\u968f\u6d88\u8d39\u8005\u7684\u652f\u51fa\u7ed3\u6784\u53d8\u52a8\u800c\u53d8\u52a8\u3002\u7531\u4e8ePCE deflator\u6240\u5177\u6709\u7684\u5c5e\u6027\u662fCPI\u548cGDP deflator\u7684\u6df7\u5408\uff0c\u6240\u4ee5\u7f8e\u8054\u50a8\u4f7f\u7528PCE deflator\u6765\u8861\u91cf\u901a\u80c0\u6307\u6807\u3002\u4f46\u503c\u5f97\u6ce8\u610f\u7684\u662f\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e09\u4e2a\u6307\u6570\u7684\u53d8\u5316\u5f80\u5f80\u662f\u76f8\u5173\u7684\uff0c\u53ea\u662f\u8c01\u4f1a\u66f4\u9ad8\u4e00\u4e9b\u7684\u533a\u522b\u800c\u5df2\u3002<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

      Political Economy Introduction 02\u300aMarcoeconomics\u300bChapter 1   …<\/p>","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[42],"tags":[243],"amp_enabled":true,"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/swordofmorning.com\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1175"}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/swordofmorning.com\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/swordofmorning.com\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/swordofmorning.com\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/swordofmorning.com\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=1175"}],"version-history":[{"count":33,"href":"https:\/\/swordofmorning.com\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1175\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":1245,"href":"https:\/\/swordofmorning.com\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1175\/revisions\/1245"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/swordofmorning.com\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=1175"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/swordofmorning.com\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=1175"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/swordofmorning.com\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=1175"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}